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Unit 2 The universal language Section 2 Language focus on Reading
Understanding culture through music
Master the usage of some important words, phrases and sentence patterns.
The text is mainly about two emails written by Alice and Harry who both think music is a 1.____________ language.
From the first email, we may learn that Butterfly Lovers is a beautiful violin concerto 2.____________ by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. The music took us through the 3. __________________________ of a classic story about a young couple 4. __________________ by their families. Butterfly Lovers 5.____________ Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on Western instruments such as the violin, but more significantly, much of the music has its roots 6.____________ Chinese Yue Opera.
From the second email, we may learn that country music 7. _______________ in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. It 8. _________
________ of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the musicians use many similar instruments, such as the guitar. The tunes are 9. __________________， and the lyrics often leave you deep in thought. Most of the songs are about 10. and heartbreak, but also about hope.
Ⅰ 词条讲解
1. compose vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静
【原句】Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. (page 16, lines 2-4) 昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创作。
【拓展】
compose vt. & vi.→composer n. 作曲家，作曲者
→composition n. 成分；构成；作品
compose oneself 使自己镇定下来，控制自己的情绪或行为
be composed of sb/sth 由……组成/构成
【即学即练】 语法填空
①Emma frowned, making an effort ____________(compose) herself.
②The organization is ____________ of 35 famous ____________.(compose)
2. deserve vt. 值得，应得
【原句】It's a piece that really deserves to be heard.(page 16, lines 4-5) 这首曲子真的值得一听。
【拓展】
deserve to do sth 值得做某事；应该做某事
deserve to be done＝deserve doing 值得被做
【即学即练】语法填空/完成句子
①Our English teacher has worked in this school for thirty years. She is full of experience and deserves ____________(respect).
②这支球队理应赢得冠军，因为他们比其他任何一支球队都打得好。
The team ___________________ the championship because they played much better than any of the other teams.
3. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜
【原句】Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.(page 16, lines 13-14) 她悲痛欲绝，于是跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。
【拓展】
be overcome by/with 被……(某种情绪)控制；受到……的极大影响
overcome one's shyness 克服某人的羞怯
overcome problems/difficulties 解决问题/克服困难
【即学即练】语法填空
①Her parents were overcome ____________ grief at the funeral.
②In the final game Sweden easily ____________(overcome) France.
4. combine vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并
【原句】Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements …(page 16, line 18)《梁祝》融合了中西音乐元素……
【拓展】
combine vt. & vi.→combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合
combine A with/and B 使A和B结合
in combination with 与……结合
【即学即练】语法填空
Apparently, ____________(combine) my job with bringing up a family is rather difficult for me.
5. surroundings n. 周围，环境
【原句】The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings.(page 17, lines 17-18) 简单的曲调和唯美的大自然画面常常很容易使人联想到乡村的环境。
【拓展】
surround vt. 围绕；包围→surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的→surroundings n.
be surrounded with/by 被……包围/环抱
【即学即练】语法填空
①He felt relaxed and comfortable to be back in familiar ____________(surround).
②She was sitting on the floor ____________(surround) by books.
6. guarantee vt. 保证， 担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单
【原句】I guarantee you'll enjoy it！(page 17, lines 24-25) 我保证你会喜欢它的！
【拓展】
guarantee to do sth/that … 保证做某事/保证……
guarantee sb sth 向某人保证某事
under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb a guarantee that … 向某人担保/保证……
【即学即练】语法填空
①As is often the case, going out with friends is guaranteed ____________(cheer) you up.
②The car is less than a year old, so it is still ____________ guarantee, which is a relief for us.
7. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应
【原句】The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai's Yellow River Cantata, tells how the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to overcome the Japanese invaders.(page 19) 该音乐作品改编自冼星海的《黄河大合唱》，讲述了中国人民如何在中国共产党的领导下，反抗并战胜日本侵略者的故事。
【拓展】
adapt vt. & vi. 适应；改编；改写→adaptation n.
adapt to sth 适应某事
be adapted from … 改编自……
【即学即练】语法填空
①The students have difficulty ____________(adapt) to the new environment.
②____________(adapt) from the famous novel, the film has many followers.
8. defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解
【原句】It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”， “Ode to the Yellow River”， “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”．(page 19) 它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》。
【拓展】
defend vt. & vi.→defence/defense n. 防御；辩护→defensive adj. 防御的；戒备的
defend … from/against 保护/保卫……免遭……伤害
in defence of 为了保卫……
come to one's defence/in one's defence 为某人辩护
【即学即练】语法填空
①Mrs Green stood up in ____________(defend) of the 16 year old boy, saying that he shouldn't have been punished.
②Politicians are skilled at defending themselves ____________ their critics.
Ⅱ 短语讲解
1. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任
【原句】My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.(page 17, lines 2-4) 我的寄宿家庭一家人是乡村音乐的“铁杆粉丝”，所以我一直相信他们能让我了解些很棒的歌曲。
【拓展】
rely vi. 依靠；信任→reliance n. 依赖；依靠；信任
→reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
rely on/upon (doing) sth 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/依靠/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that … 相信/指望……(it为形式宾语)
【即学即练】完成句子
①当你有困难时，不要指望别人帮助你。一定要靠自己。
____________________________ when you're in trouble. Do depend on yourself.
②我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。
We are looking for someone ______________________________．
2. consist of由……组成(或构成)
【原句】It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”， “Ode to the Yellow River”， “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”．(page 19) 它由四个乐章组成：《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》。
【拓展】
consist vi. 包含，组成，构成；在于，存在于→consistent adj. 一致的；连续的
consist in 在于；存在于
consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成，由……构成
be consistent with … 与……一致
【即学即练】语法填空
①The new chorus ____________(consist) of ten people is very popular among the audience.
②Keep in mind that our ideal life is not always consistent ____________ the reality.
Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.(page 16, lines 12-13) 梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。
【句式分析】形容词(短语)做状语常用来说明句子主语所处的状态，经常和主语构成系表关系。形容词(短语)做状语在句中还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
【即学即练】完成句子
在那时，我既沮丧又失望，不知道如何改变这种糟糕的情况。
At that time,________________________，I didn't know how to change the terrible situation.
Complete the chart in B2 on page 19 of the textbook with as many music related words as you can.
Types：____________________________________________________________
Instruments: _______________________________________________________
Performers: ________________________________________________________
People behind the scenes: ____________________________________________
Music elements: __________________________________________________
Feelings and descriptions: ____________________________________________
Ⅰ 语法填空
1. We are supposed to take care of ourselves and learn to defend ourselves ___________ the diseases.
2. The shop said we could exchange the television since it was still ___________ guarantee.
3. ___________(consist) of two campuses, this school covers a total area of 400 square kilometres with more than 4，000 students and teachers.
4. Do you think the film ___________(adapt) is faithful to the original
5. He was born to be a great ___________(compose).
6. ___________ by the forest, the village has beautiful , which attract many visitors from areas. (surround)
7. The ___________ of these things ___________ with a life spent outside had their effect on the guy.(combine)
8. These characteristics had decided it must ___________ on the highly effective and ___________ computer information management system. (rely)
9. The announcement had a ___________(drama) effect on house prices.
10. Just keep ___________(tell) yourself that it won't last forever.
Ⅱ 翻译句子
1. 她在考试中作弊，应该受罚。(deserve)
______________________________________________________________________
2. 他高兴而轻松地去参加了聚会。(形容词做状语)
______________________________________________________________________
3. 丈夫去世时她悲痛欲绝。(be overcome with)
______________________________________________________________________
4. 这段音乐融合了中西方音乐元素：它由一些西洋乐器演奏，但更重要的是，许多旋律都起源于中国越剧。(combine)
______________________________________________________________________
5. 这种独特的融合使我们认识到音乐确实是一种通用的语言。(a universal language)
______________________________________________________________________
1. Try to remember these useful expressions learnt in this class.
2. Finish the exercises on pages 13-16 of Exercise book.
Section 2　Language focus on Reading
Activity 1
1. universal　2. composed　3. twists and turns 4. torn apart　5. combines　6. in　
7. became popular　8. grew out　9. easy to sing　10. hardship
Activity 2
Ⅰ 1. ①to compose　②composed; composers
2. ①respect/respecting/to be respected ②deserved to win
3. ①with/by　②overcame
4. combining
5. ①surroundings　②surrounded
6. ①to cheer　②under
7. ①adapting　②Adapted
8. ①defence　②from/against
Ⅱ 1. ①Don't rely on it that others will lend you a hand　②who is reliable and hard working
2. ①consisting　②with
Activity 3
depressed and disappointed
Activity 4
Types: opera, country, the blues, folk, classical, jazz, pop
Instruments: violin, guitar, piano, cello(大提琴), erhu, bass(贝斯，低音电吉他), drums
Performers: conductor, singer, pianist, violinist, rapper, band, chorus
People behind the scenes: composer, songwriter, lyricist, sound engineer, producer
Music elements: melody, rhythm, beat, lyrics, volume, tempo(速度), groove(节奏)
Feelings and descriptions: loud, soft, mysterious, relaxing, dreamy, bright
Activity 5
Ⅰ 1. against/from　2. under　3. Consisting　4. adaptation　5. composer　
6. Surrounded; surroundings; surrounding　7. combination; combined　8. rely; reliable　
9. dramatic　10. telling
Ⅱ 1. She cheated during the exam and deserves to be punished.
2. Happy and relaxed, he went to the party.
3. She was overcome with grief when her husband died.
4. The music combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on some Western instruments, but more significantly, much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.
5. This unique combination has made us realize that music is indeed a universal language.

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