Unit 8 Pets and us 单元单词表备课(讲义)2025-2026学年沪教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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Unit 8 Pets and us 单元单词表备课(讲义)2025-2026学年沪教版(2024)八年级英语上册

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沪教版8上unit 8英语单词表
教师备课材料
1. attack
词性:动词 (v.),名词 (n.)
词义:攻击,进攻
近义词:assault (v./n.)
反义词:defend (v.), defense (n.)
词性转换:名词 attacker 攻击者
常见搭配:attack on 对……的攻击;under attack 受到攻击;heart attack 心脏病发作
例句:The dog attacked the stranger. 狗攻击了陌生人。
练习:
1. The city came under ______ (attack) at night.
2. They ______ (attack) the enemy from behind.
答案与解析:
1. attack(名词,under attack)
2. attacked(动词过去式)
2. faithful
词性:形容词 (adj.)
词义:忠诚的,忠实的
近义词:loyal
反义词:unfaithful, disloyal
词性转换:副词 faithfully;名词 faithfulness 忠诚;名词 faith 信念
常见搭配:faithful friend 忠实的朋友;faithful to 对……忠诚
例句:Dogs are faithful animals. 狗是忠诚的动物。
练习:
1. He served the king ______ (faithful).
2. She has great ______ (faithful) in her team.
答案与解析:
1. faithfully(副词)
2. faith(名词,信念)
3. hold
词性:动词 (v.),名词 (n.)
词义:拿着;握住;举行;持有
近义词:grasp (v.), catch (v.)
反义词:release (v.)
词性转换:过去式 held;过去分词 held;名词 holder 持有人
常见搭配:hold on 等一下;hold a meeting 举行会议;catch hold of 抓住
例句:She held her mother's hand. 她握着妈妈的手。
练习:
1. The Olympic Games were ______ (hold) in Beijing.
2. He is the record ______ (hold).
答案与解析:
1. held(过去分词,被动语态)
2. holder(名词,持有者)
4. responsible
词性:形容词 (adj.)
词义:负责的;有责任感的
近义词:accountable
反义词:irresponsible
词性转换:副词 responsibly;名词 responsibility 责任
常见搭配:be responsible for 对……负责
例句:Parents are responsible for their children. 父母对孩子负责。
练习:
1. He acts ______ (responsible) in his job.
2. It's your ______ (responsible) to finish the work.
答案与解析:
1. responsibly(副词)
2. responsibility(名词,责任)
5. awake
词性:形容词 (adj.),动词 (v.)
词义:醒着的;唤醒
近义词:conscious (adj.)
反义词:asleep (adj.)
词性转换:过去式 awoke;过去分词 awoken;名词 awakening 觉醒
常见搭配:stay awake 保持清醒;wide awake 完全清醒
例句:The noise kept me awake all night. 噪音让我整夜醒着。
练习:
1. He ______ (awake) at 6 a.m. this morning.
2. She was still ______ (awake) when I came home.
答案与解析:
1. awoke(动词过去式)
2. awake(形容词)
6. flat
词性:形容词 (adj.),名词 (n.)
词义:平坦的;扁平的;公寓
近义词:level (adj.), apartment (n.)
反义词:uneven (adj.)
词性转换:副词 flatly;名词 flatness
常见搭配:flat tire 瘪胎;flat surface 平面
例句:They live in a flat in London. 他们住在伦敦的一套公寓里。
练习:
1. The road is ______ (flat) here.
2. He refused ______ (flat) to help.
答案与解析:
1. flat(形容词)
2. flatly(副词,断然地)
7. choice
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:选择,抉择
近义词:option, alternative
词性转换:动词 choose 选择;形容词 choosy 挑剔的
常见搭配:make a choice 做选择;have no choice 别无选择
例句:You have to make a choice. 你必须做出选择。
练习:
1. She ______ (choice) the red dress.
2. He is very ______ (choice) about food.
答案与解析:
1. chose(动词过去式,choose的过去式)
2. choosy(形容词,挑剔的)
8. advise
词性:动词 (v.)
词义:建议,劝告
近义词:suggest, recommend
反义词:dissuade
词性转换:名词 advice 建议;形容词 advisable 明智的
常见搭配:advise sb. to do 建议某人做;advise against 劝告不要
例句:I advise you to see a doctor. 我建议你去看医生。
练习:
1. He gave me some good ______ (advise).
2. It is ______ (advise) to book in advance.
答案与解析:
1. advice(名词,不可数)
2. advisable(形容词,明智的)
9. cause
词性:动词 (v.),名词 (n.)
词义:引起,导致;原因;事业
近义词:lead to (v.), reason (n.)
反义词:effect (结果)
词性转换:名词 causation 因果关系
常见搭配:cause trouble 引起麻烦;cause and effect 因果关系
例句:Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。
练习:
1. The ______ (cause) of the fire is unknown.
2. He fought for a good ______ (cause).
答案与解析:
1. cause(名词,原因)
2. cause(名词,事业)
plain
词性:动词 (v.)
词义:抱怨,投诉
近义词:grumble
反义词:praise
词性转换:名词 complaint 抱怨
常见搭配:complain about 抱怨;complain to 向……投诉
例句:He always complains about the weather. 他总是抱怨天气。
练习:
1. She made a ______ (complain) to the manager.
2. Stop ______ (complain) and do your work.
答案与解析:
1. complaint(名词,投诉)
2. complaining(动名词)
11. litter
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.)
词义:垃圾;乱扔垃圾
近义词:rubbish (n.)
反义词:clean (v.)
词性转换:名词 littering 乱扔垃圾的行为
常见搭配:no littering 禁止乱扔垃圾;litter bin 垃圾桶
例句:Please do not litter. 请勿乱扔垃圾。
练习:
1. The park was full of ______ (litter).
2. People who ______ (litter) will be fined.
答案与解析:
1. litter(名词,垃圾)
2. litter(动词)
12. unlikely
词性:形容词 (adj.)
词义:不太可能的
近义词:improbable
反义词:likely
词性转换:副词 unlikely(无ly形式);名词 unlikelihood 不可能性
常见搭配:be unlikely to do 不太可能做;it is unlikely that 不太可能
例句:He is unlikely to come. 他不太可能来。
练习:
1. It is ______ (likely) that it will rain today.(填反义词)
2. The ______ (likely) of his success is low.
答案与解析:
1. unlikely(反义词)
2. likelihood(名词,可能性)
13. relieve
词性:动词 (v.)
词义:缓解,减轻;使解脱
近义词:ease, reduce
反义词:worsen
词性转换:名词 relief 缓解;形容词 relieved 感到宽慰的
常见搭配:relieve pain 缓解疼痛;relieve stress 缓解压力
例句:The medicine relieved his headache. 药物缓解了他的头痛。
练习:
1. To my ______ (relieve), he arrived safely.
2. She felt ______ (relieve) after the exam.
答案与解析:
1. relief(名词,to one's relief)
2. relieved(形容词,感到宽慰的)
14. indoors
词性:副词 (adv.)
词义:在室内
近义词:inside
反义词:outdoors
词性转换:形容词 indoor 室内的
常见搭配:stay indoors 待在室内;go indoors 进入室内
例句:We stayed indoors because of the rain. 因为下雨我们待在室内。
练习:
1. There is an ______ (indoor) swimming pool.
2. Children were playing ______ (indoor).
答案与解析:
1. indoor(形容词)
2. indoors(副词)
15. magical
词性:形容词 (adj.)
词义:魔法的;神奇的
近义词:magic (adj.)
反义词:ordinary
词性转换:副词 magically;名词 magic 魔法
常见搭配:magical experience 神奇的体验;magical power 魔法力量
例句:It was a magical night. 那是一个神奇的夜晚。
练习:
1. The story is full of ______ (magic).
2. The flowers appeared ______ (magical) overnight.
答案与解析:
1. magic(名词)
2. magically(副词,神奇地)
16. wealth
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:财富,财产
近义词:fortune
反义词:poverty
词性转换:形容词 wealthy 富有的
常见搭配:a wealth of 大量的;wealth management 财富管理
例句:He is a man of great wealth. 他是个非常富有的人。
练习:
1. She comes from a ______ (wealth) family.
2. The country has a ______ (wealth) of natural resources.
答案与解析:
1. wealthy(形容词)
2. wealth(名词,a wealth of)
17. queen
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:女王;王后
近义词:monarch
反义词:king
词性转换:名词 queenship 女王身份
常见搭配:queen bee 蜂后;drama queen 戏剧女王
例句:The queen visited the hospital. 女王参观了医院。
练习:
1. She was crowned ______ (queen) at 25.
2. The ______ (queen) mother is very popular.
答案与解析:
1. queen(名词)
2. queen(名词,queen mother 王太后)
18. servant
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:仆人,佣人
近义词:maid
反义词:master
词性转换:名词 service 服务;动词 serve 服务
常见搭配:civil servant 公务员;public servant 公仆
例句:They have a servant to clean the house. 他们有一个仆人打扫房子。
练习:
1. He works as a civil ______ (servant).
2. She ______ (servant) the food to the guests.
答案与解析:
1. servant(名词,civil servant)
2. served(动词过去式)
19. pride
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:骄傲,自豪
近义词:honor
反义词:humility
词性转换:形容词 proud 自豪的;副词 proudly
常见搭配:take pride in 以……为傲;pride and joy 骄傲和喜悦
例句:He takes pride in his work. 他为自己的工作感到自豪。
练习:
1. His parents are ______ (pride) of him.
2. She smiled ______ (pride).
答案与解析:
1. proud(形容词,be proud of)
2. proudly(副词)
20. among
词性:介词 (prep.)
词义:在……之中(三者或以上)
近义词:between(两者之间)
反义词:outside
常见搭配:among the crowd 在人群中;among others 其中
例句:She is popular among her friends. 她在朋友中很受欢迎。
练习:
1. The secret was kept ______ (among/between) the three friends.
2. He is ______ (among) the best students.
答案与解析:
1. among(三者之间用among)
2. among(介词)
21. relationship
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:关系,联系
近义词:connection
词性转换:动词 relate 关联;形容词 relative 相关的
常见搭配:relationship between A and B A和B之间的关系;build a relationship 建立关系
例句:They have a good relationship. 他们关系很好。
练习:
1. These two events are ______ (relation).
2. He is my ______ (relation), my cousin.
答案与解析:
1. related(形容词,相关的)
2. relative(名词,亲戚)
22. grow up
词性:动词短语
词义:长大,成长
近义词:mature
反义词:remain a child
词性转换:grownup 成年人
常见搭配:grow up to be 长大成为
例句:He grew up in a small town. 他在一个小镇长大。
练习:
1. She wants to be a teacher when she ______ (grow) up.
2. Children should listen to ______ (growup) advice.
答案与解析:
1. grows(一般现在时,第三人称单数)
2. grownups(名词复数,成年人)
23. care for
词性:动词短语
词义:照顾;喜欢
近义词:look after, take care of
反义词:neglect
词性转换:care 名词/动词
常见搭配:care for the elderly 照顾老人
例句:She cares for her sick mother. 她照顾生病的母亲。
练习:
1. Nurses ______ (care) for patients in hospital.
2. He doesn't care ______ coffee; he prefers tea.
答案与解析:
1. care(动词,care for)
2. for(介词,care for 喜欢)
24. in short
词性:介词短语
词义:简而言之,总之
近义词:in brief, in a word
反义词:in detail
词性转换:short 形容词
常见搭配:常放于句首,引出总结
例句:In short, we need to work harder. 总之,我们需要更努力。
练习:
1. ______ short, the project was a success.
2. The meeting was ______ (short) and sweet.
答案与解析:
1. In(固定短语)
2. short(形容词)
25. have no choice but to do
词性:动词短语
词义:别无选择,只能做
近义词:have to do
反义词:have options
词性转换:choice 名词
常见搭配:have no choice but to do 只能做某事
例句:I had no choice but to tell the truth. 我别无选择,只能说实话。
练习:
1. We had no choice ______ to wait.
2. You have a ______ (choose) to make.
答案与解析:
1. but(介词,后接to do)
2. choice(名词)
26. run free
词性:动词短语
词义:自由奔跑;自由活动
近义词:roam free
反义词:be confined
词性转换:run 动词,free 形容词/副词
常见搭配:let the animals run free 让动物自由奔跑
例句:The horses run free in the fields. 马在田野里自由奔跑。
练习:
1. The children were running ______ (free) in the park.
2. She is a ______ (run) star.
答案与解析:
1. free(副词)
2. running(形容词,或 runner)
27. lie around
词性:动词短语
词义:闲躺;到处乱放
近义词:laze around
反义词:be active
词性转换:lie 动词,现在分词 lying
常见搭配:lie around the house 在家里闲躺
例句:He just lies around all day. 他整天闲躺着。
练习:
1. Don't leave your books ______ (lie) around.
2. He ______ (lie) on the sofa watching TV.
答案与解析:
1. lying(现在分词,leave sth. doing)
2. lay(过去式,lie的过去式)
plain about
词性:动词短语
词义:抱怨……
近义词:grumble about
反义词:praise
词性转换:complain 动词,about 介词
常见搭配:complain about the weather 抱怨天气
例句:She is always complaining about something. 她总是抱怨这抱怨那。
练习:
1. Stop ______ (complain) about your food.
2. He made a ______ (complain) about the service.
答案与解析:
1. complaining(动名词)
2. complaint(名词)
29. in addition
词性:介词短语
词义:此外
近义词:besides, moreover
词性转换:addition 名词,add 动词
常见搭配:in addition to 除……之外
例句:In addition, we need to buy some drinks. 此外,我们需要买些饮料。
练习:
1. ______ addition to English, he speaks French.
2. Please ______ (add) some sugar to the tea.
答案与解析:
1. In(固定短语,in addition to)
2. add(动词)
30. catch the eye of somebody
词性:动词短语
词义:吸引某人的注意
近义词:attract one's attention
反义词:ignore
词性转换:catch 动词,eye 名词
常见搭配:catch one's eye 吸引注意
例句:The bright dress caught my eye. 那条亮色的裙子吸引了我的注意。
练习:
1. The painting ______ (catch) my eye immediately.
2. She has beautiful blue ______ (eye).
答案与解析:
1. caught(动词过去式)
2. eyes(名词复数)

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