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(共12张PPT)
CD篇科普文的解题策略
——研究发现类
Unfamiliar topics
New words
Long sentences
BUT Strict in logic
interesting
What is a popular science article
A popular science article explains解释 knowledge about cutting-edge issues前沿问题 in professional fields to the public in an accessible and understandable way.
What are the types
experiment/ study/ research/ survey（研究发现类）and new invention/technology/method（新发明、新技术类）
How to solve
step 1: skim para.1 and circle key information
step 2: figure out its structure
step 3: locate question-related words and sentences
Step 1:skim para.1 and circle key information
C 篇
研究发现类文本
In recent years, scientists have been increasingly interested in understanding how urbanization influences animal behavior and survival. One notable study, conducted by researchers from the University of Copenhagen, explored how urban and rural bird populations differ in their problem-solving abilities.
What was the primary purpose of the experiments
A. To analyze how urbanization affects animal diets.
B. To determine how human interaction affects bird migration.
C. To examine cognitive differences between urban and rural birds.
D. To study the social behaviors of birds in varying environments.
科普文常见词
Step 1:skim para.1 and circle key information
D 篇
Intensity exercises often get praised for their role in preventing illnesses like high blood pressure, heart disease, and Type 2 diabetes-not to mention their mental health benefits. But there’s a common mistake: the more intense the exercise, the better the benefits. A recent research shows that low-to-moderate (低到中等的) intensity exercise,such as Zone 2 training,maybe just as-or even more-effective for improving health and endurance (持久力).
研究发现类文本
注意文章开篇的转折词，引出不同的发现
Step 2: figure out its structure
研究发现 results/findings
showed/discovered/found/revealed/confirmed that...
研究过程process/method/results
背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果...
研究结论future/limitations/comments/imapcts
前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...
Research-finding pattern
In recent years, scientists have been increasingly interested in understanding how urbanization influences animal behavior and survival. One notable study, conducted by researchers from the University of Copenhagen, explored how urban and rural bird populations differ in their problem-solving abilities.
The researchers focused on a species of small birds known as great tits（山雀）.These birds were chosen because they are common in both urban and rural environments,making them ideal subjects for comparison. To test their cognitive abilities, the scientists designed a series of experiments that involved food retrieval. One task required the birds to pull a string to access a treat, while another challenged them to slide a lid off a container. These tasks were designed to simulate real-world challenges, mimicking the need to extract food from complex or unfamiliar objects commonly found in human environments.
The findings revealed that urban great tits consistently outperformed their rural counterparts, demonstrating significantly quicker task resolution times. Researchers believe that this cognitive advantage stems from the adaptability required for survival within urban settings. In cities, birds are often exposed to novel objects and situations, such as trash bins and food wrappers, which they must learn to navigate. This ongoing interaction with human-altered environments likely fosters cognitive development over time, enhancing their overall problem-solving skills.
However, this enhanced cognitive ability is accompanied by a noteworthy trade-off.Urban birds tend to be more easily alarmed and display less cautious behavior, resulting in increased vulnerability to various risks， including predation（捕食）and accidents. For example, urban great tits may venture closer to busy roads or unfamiliar predators-behaviors that rural birds typically avoid due to their more cautious nature. Dr. Anders Johansen, one of the lead authors of the study, emphasized that these differences highlight the significant impact of human-altered environments on wildlife and their behaviors.
As urban areas continue to expand, it becomes vital to understand how animals adapt to these changing landscapes. The study underscores both the benefits and drawbacks of urban living for wildlife, highlighting the necessity for further research into how animals strike a balance between cognitive advancement and survival in increasingly urbanized ecosystems. By gaining insights into these dynamics, conservation efforts can be better directed to support wildlife populations amidst the challenges posed by urban environments.
para.1研究观点
paras.2-4研究过程
paras.5研究结论
29. How do urban great tits differ from rural ones in problem-solving
A. Urban great tits are slower but more consistent.
B. Urban great tits solve problems faster and more creatively.
C. Urban great tits depend on external help to solve problems.
D. Urban great tits avoid tasks requiring complex solutions.
Step 3: locate question-related words and sentences
The findings revealed that urban great tits consistently outperformed their rural counterparts, demonstrating significantly quicker task resolution times. Researchers believe that this cognitive advantage stems from the adaptability required for survival within urban settings. In cities, birds are often exposed to novel objects and situations, such as trash bins and food wrappers, which they must learn to navigate. This ongoing interaction with human-altered environments likely fosters cognitive development over time, enhancing their overall problem-solving skills.
B
30.Why do urban great tits face higher risks
A. They struggle to adapt to new urban challenges.
B. Their environments lack adequate food resources.
C. Their heightened boldness makes them less cautious.
D. They rely too heavily on human-altered environments.
However, this enhanced cognitive ability is accompanied by a noteworthy trade-off.Urban birds tend to be more easily alarmed and display less cautious behavior, resulting in increased vulnerability to various risks， including predation（捕食）and accidents. For example, urban great tits may venture closer to busy roads or unfamiliar predators-behaviors that rural birds typically avoid due to their more cautious nature. Dr. Anders Johansen, one of the lead authors of the study, emphasized that these differences highlight the significant impact of human-altered environments on wildlife and their behaviors.
C
派生词vulnerability
What does the word "trade-off" in paragraph 4 mnost likely mean
A. Enhancing their adaptability for safety.
B. Sacrificing caution for easier food access.
C. Gaining intelligence at the cost of survival skills.
D. Balancing problem-solving benefits with bold risks.
However, this enhanced cognitive ability is accompanied by a noteworthy trade-off.Urban birds tend to be more easily alarmed and display less cautious behavior, resulting in increased vulnerability to various risks， including predation（捕食）and accidents. For example, urban great tits may venture closer to busy roads or unfamiliar predators-behaviors that rural birds typically avoid due to their more cautious nature. Dr. Anders Johansen, one of the lead authors of the study, emphasized that these differences highlight the significant impact of human-altered environments on wildlife and their behaviors.
D
enhanced cognitive ability=problem-solving benefits 然而好处伴随着坏处
上一题得出坏处是less cautious/higher risks
Ⅰ. skim para.1 and circle key information
Ⅱ. figure out its structure
(研究发现；研究过程；研究结论）
Ⅲ. locate question-related words and sentences
(同词；近义词；反义词）
科普文之研究发现类语篇的解题策略

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