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(共18张PPT)
非谓语动词
什么是非谓语动词？
核心定义：
在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式。
它保留动词的某些特性（可以带宾语、状语），但兼有名词、形容词或副词的功能。
与谓语动词的对比：
谓语动词： 句子的“心脏”，表示动作或状态，受主语人称、时态、语态的限制。
例句：He teaches English. They are playing football.
非谓语动词： 句子的“修饰器”或“补充器”，不受主语人称和数的限制。
例句：His job is to teach English. Seeing the cat, the mouse ran away.
一句话总结： “非谓语动词”就是“不充当谓语的动词”。
三种形式
动词不定式 (to do)
动名词 (V-ing)
分词 (现在分词 V-ing / 过去分词 V-ed)
名词、形容词、副词 (表目的、将来)
名词 (表活动、概念)
形容词、副词 (表主动、进行)
1. 动词不定式 - to do
功能与位置：
作主语： To learn a language well requires patience.
作宾语： He decided to leave early.
作宾补： I want you to be happy. (使役/感官动词后省略to：let/make/see/hear sb. do)
作定语： I have a lot of work to do.
作状语（表目的/结果）： He saved money to buy a car (目的). She woke up to find everyone gone (结果).
作表语： His dream is to become a pilot.
特殊形式：
进行式 (to be doing), 完成式 (to have done), 被动式 (to be done)
2. 动名词 - V-ing
功能与位置：
核心功能是作名词。
作主语： Smoking is harmful to health.
作宾语：
动词后：I enjoy reading. (常见动词：enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind)
介词后：He is good at swimming.
作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps.
复合结构： Would you mind my opening the window
3. 分词—— 现在分词 (V-ing)：
功能： 主要作形容词/副词，表示主动、进行。
作定语： a sleeping baby (一个正在睡觉的婴儿)， the man standing there (站在那儿的男人)
作状语： Hearing the news, she jumped with joy. (表时间/原因)
作宾补： I saw him running on the playground. (感官动词后，表动作正在进行)
作表语： The movie is exciting.
3. 分词—— 过去分词 (V-ed)
功能： 主要作形容词/副词，表示被动、完成。
作定语： a broken window (一扇破了的窗户)， a book written by Lu Xun (一本鲁迅写的书)
作状语： Deeply moved, he thanked them again and again. (表原因)
作宾补： I want this work done by Friday. (表被动/完成)
作表语： The window is broken. (系表结构，表状态)
对比黄金法则：
V-ing vs. V-ed (作定语/表语时)：
V-ing 意为“令人…的” (exciting 令人兴奋的)，修饰物。
V-ed 意为“感到…的” (excited 感到兴奋的)，修饰人。
例句：The news is exciting. I am excited at the news.
核心区别与对比
场景 不定式 (to do) 动名词 (V-ing) 现在分词 (V-ing) 过去分词 (V-ed)
作主语 (侧重具体、一次性) (侧重一般、抽象)
作宾语 (常接在 agree, decide 后) (常接在 enjoy, finish 后)
作定语 (表将来、未做) (表主动、进行) (表被动、完成)
作状语 (表目的、结果) (表伴随、原因、时间) (表伴随、原因、条件)
作宾补 (表动作全过程) (表动作正在进行) (表被动/完成状态)
逻辑关系 常表目的、将来 表活动本身 主动关系 被动关系
实战应用与易错点
“忘记/记得/停止”等动词后的区别：
forget/remember/regret to do: 忘记/记得/后悔要去做的事 (未发生)
forget/remember/regret doing: 忘记/记得/后悔做过的事 (已发生)
stop to do: 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing: 停止正在做的事
独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语时，需自带主语。
例句：Weather permitting, we’ll go hiking. (逻辑主语是weather)
例句：He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
总结与要点回顾
一个核心： 不作谓语。
三种形式： to do (不定式), doing (动名词/现在分词), done (过去分词)。
四大功能： 名词、形容词、副词、宾补。
两对关键：
不定式与动名词作宾语的区别。
现在分词与过去分词“主动/进行”与“被动/完成”的区别。
单项选择
1.The teacher asked the students ______ the classroom after the exam.
A. to clean B. cleaning
C. cleaned D. clean
2.It is important ______ a good first impression in an interview.
A. to make B. making
C. made D. makes
3.______ regularly is good for your health.
A. To exercise B. Exercising
C. Exercise D. Exercised
4.He apologized for ______ late to the meeting.
A. be B. to be
C. being D. been
A
A
B
C
ask sb to do sth
It is + adj. + to do
作主语，泛指“锻炼”这个行为，常用动名词
apologize for doing
5.I’m not used to ______ up so early in the morning.
A. get B. getting
C. got D. to get
6.They are looking forward to ______ you at the party.
A. see B. seeing
C. seen D. to see
7.She was the first woman ______ to the top of that mountain.
A. to climb B. climbing
C. climbed D. climbs
8.I have a lot of homework ______ tonight.
A. do B. to do
C. doing D. did
B
B
B
A
be/get used to doing 习惯于
look forward to doing 期盼
the first/second... to do 固定结构
have sth to do 有某事要做
9.The story he told was very ______.
A. interesting B. interested
C. interest D. interests
10.I found a wallet ______ on the ground.
A. lie B. lay
C. lying D. laid
11.______ by the bad news, she couldn’t say a word.
A. Shocking B. Shocked
C. To shock D. Shocks
12.The man ______ to the manager is my father.
A. talking B. talked
C. to talk D. is talking
13.The book ______ from the library is very useful.
A. borrow B. borrowing
C. to borrow D. borrowed
A
C
B
D
A
在短文中填空
(动词：take, make, finish, read, feel, go, have, do)
Last weekend was quite an adventure. I planned ________ (1) a trip to the countryside. ________ (2) all my homework on Friday, I was free to leave. ________ (3) to escape the city noise, I packed my bag and left. I remember ________ (4) a strange ________ (5) as I got on the bus. After ________ (6) for two hours, I arrived. The fresh air was so ________ (7). It’s important ________ (8) time to relax.
1.to make (plan to do)
2.Having finished (完成作业发生在出发之前，用完成式分词)
3.Feeling (主动关系，我感到…)
4.having (remember doing 记得做过某事)
5.feeling (a strange feeling 一个奇怪的感觉)
6.traveling/going (after doing)
7.refreshing (事物是“令人清爽的”)
8.to make (It is important to do)

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