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(共22张PPT)
Unit4
人教版·英语·必修第一册
一、重点单词
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________
5. ______________
6. ______________
7. ______________
8. ______________
9. ______________
10. ______________
11. ______________
12. ______________
13. ______________
14. ______________
15. ______________
16. ______________
n. 灾难；灾害
n. 干旱
n./v. 洪水；泛滥
n./v. 滑动；滑坡
v./n. 营救；救援
v./n. 损害；损坏
v. 摧毁；毁灭
v./n. 毁坏；废墟
disaster
drought
flood
slide
rescue
damage
destroy
ruin
v./n. 困住；陷阱
v. 埋葬；掩埋
v. 幸存；存活
n./v. 震惊；使震惊
n. 电；电力
v. 呼吸
n. 努力；尽力
n./v. 避难所；庇护
trap
bury
survive
shock
electricity
breathe
effort
shelter
Unit 4 Natural disaster
1.________ n．死；死亡→_______ adj.死的→_________ adj.致命的→______ v．死亡
2．_________ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→_________ n．效果；结果；影响→___________ adj.有效的→___________ n．喜爱
3．________ n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→___________ adj.令人震惊的→__________ adj.感到震惊的
4．______________ n．电；电能→___________ adj.电的；用电的→_____________ adj.电子的
death
dead
deadly
die
affect
effect
effective
affection
shock
shocking
shocked
electricity
electric
electronic
二、词形变化
5．__________ vi.& vt.呼吸→________ n．呼吸→____________ adj.气喘吁吁的
6．_________ n．智慧；才智→_______ adj.明智的→_________ adj.不明智的
7._________ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→____________ n．受难；苦楚
8．________ vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→_________ n．喷发
breathe
breath
breathless
wisdom
wise
unwise
suffer
suffering
erupt
eruption
9．__________ vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→__________ n．幸存；生还→___________ n．幸存者；生还者
10．________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→_________ adj.强大的；强壮的→____________ adj.无力的
11．____________ n．突发事件；紧急情况→___________ adj.紧急的→_________ vi.浮现；出现
12．__________ vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→___________ n．投递；送交
survive
survival
survivor
power
powerful
powerless
emergency
emergent
emerge
deliver
delivery
13．__________ n．总结；概括；概要→_______________ vt.& vi.总结；概括
14．_________ n．长；长度→_______ adj.长的→_________ v．(使)变长→__________ adj.漫长的；冗长的
summary
summariz(s)e
length
long
lengthen
lengthy
三、重点短语
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________
5. ______________
6. ______________
7. ______________
8. ______________
9. ______________
10. ______________
11. ______________
12. ________________
13. ________________
14. ______________
15. ______________
16. _______________________
沦为废墟
结束
像往常一样
成千上万的
数百万的
处于震惊中
急救包
在手边；现有
冲走；清除
吹走
火山爆发
起伏；涨落
偶遇
在户外
把某人困在……
挖出；发掘
in ruins
come to an end
as usual
thousands of
millions of
in shock
first aid kit
on hand
sweep away
blow away
volcanic eruption
rise and fall
come across
in the open air
trap sb. in
dig out
四、句式积累
1.1.When a natural disaster strikes, is to keep calm and find a secure place.当自然灾害发生时，首要任务是保持冷静并找到安全的地方。
the first thing to do
2.Chickens and even pigs were , and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
3.It seemed .
仿佛世界末日即将来临。
4.Water, food, and electricity .
很难得到水、食物和电。
too nervous to eat
as if the world were coming to an end
were hard to get
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world _____1______ (come) to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most _____2______ (dead) earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt _____3______! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In _____4______ than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who _____5______ (kill) or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing _____6______ ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow _____7______away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now _____8______(use) pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead 8 water. People were in shock — and then. Later that afternoon, another big quake _____9______(shake) Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard _____10______ (get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
was coming
it
deadly
less
but
were killed
them
useless
shook
to get
五、课文语法填空
答案与详解1.was coming 考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句表示与当时事实相反的假设，用虚拟语气，此处表示“世界仿佛就要结束”，用过去进行时表过去将来，故填was coming。2. deadly 考查词形转换，dead“死亡的”，deadly“致命的”3. it 考查代词。此处指代前文的“the earthquake”，用it指代前文提到的单数可数名词，故填it。4. less 考查固定搭配。in less than one minute意为“不到一分钟”，less than是固定短语，表“少于”，故填less。5. were killed 考查时态和语态。先行词“people”与kill之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were killed。6. but 考查短语搭配，nothing but意为“仅仅，只”，相当于 “only”，强调除了提到的事物外没有其他。7. them 考查代词。此处指代前文的“Bricks”，是复数形式，用them作宾语，故填them。8. useless考查词性转换。将use从名词转换为形容词，修饰pieces of metal9. shook 考查谓语动词时态。地震发生在过去，故用过去式。不规则动词，shake-shook-shaken10. to get 考查非谓语动词。be hard to do sth意为“做某事很困难”，用动词不定式作状语，故填to get。
Earthquakes are one of the most terrible natural disasters, _____1______ can cause great damage to human beings and property. Therefore, it is necessary for everyone to learn how to protect_____2______ during an earthquake.
Before an earthquake, there are usually some signs. For example, animals may act strangely, such as chickens not _____3______（enter）their coops and dogs barking continuously. Besides, the water level in wells may rise or fall suddenly, and cracks may appear on walls. If you notice these signs, you should keep calm and inform your family and neighbors _____4______ (immediate).
When an earthquake happens, if you are indoors, you should hide under a strong table or desk at once, avoiding windows, lights and heavy furniture. Do not try to run out of the building, _____5______ it is very dangerous. If you are outdoors, you should stay away from buildings, trees and power lines. If you are in a car, you should stop the car in _____6______ open area and stay inside until the earthquake stops.
After the earthquake, do not rush back to your house immediately, because there may be aftershocks. You should check _____7______ there is any gas or water leakage and turn off the switches if necessary. It is also important to help those who are in trouble, such as the injured and the trapped. Remember that teamwork is very important _____8______ dealing with natural disasters.
In addition, the government and relevant departments should strengthen the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings and carry out more earthquake drills to improve people’s _____9______ (aware) of self-protection. Only in this way can we reduce the loss _____10______ (cause) by earthquakes and protect our lives and property.
which
entering
themselves
immediately
because
an/the
if/whether
that/which
can
六、课外同话题语法填空（主题：地震预防与自我保护）
awareness
答案与详解
1.which 考查非限制性定语从句。此处which充当从句中的主语，指代前面的先行词natural disasters。
2. themselves 考查反身代词。此处主语是everyone，宾语与主语指代一致，用反身代词themselves，表“保护他们自己”，故填themselves。
3. entering 考查非谓语动词。通过and与后面的动词barking并列，同为动名词结构作宾语。
4. immediately 考查副词。此处修饰动词inform，用副词形式，immediate的副词是immediately，故填immediately。
5. because 考查连词。前后句是因果关系，“不要试图跑出大楼”是因为“很危险”，用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
6. an 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个开阔的区域”，open是以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an，故填an。
7. if/whether 考查连词。此处引导宾语从句，表“检查是否有燃气或漏水”，if/whether均意为“是否”，故填if/whether。
8. in 考查固定搭配。in dealing with意为“在应对……时”，是固定搭配，故填in。
9.awareness 考查词性转换。improve people’s awareness意为“提高人们的意识”，形容词性物主代词后面要将形容词转换成名词作宾语。
10.caused考查非谓语动词。 the loss caused by earthquakes “由地震造成的损失”，用过去分词作后置定语表示被动关系。
Every summer, many areas around the world are hit by floods, which _____1______ (cause) by heavy rain or melting snow. Floods can wash away houses, crops and roads, and even take people’s lives. When floods occur, _____2______ (time) rescue and effective reconstruction are very important.When a flood breaks out, the first thing to do is to ensure people’s _____3______ (safe). Rescuers usually use boats, helicopters and other tools to save those who are trapped in floodwater. They also provide food, water and warm clothes _____4______ the survivors, who have lost their homes and belongings. During the rescue work, rescuers must pay attention to their own safety and avoid _____5______ (injure) by floating objects. After the flood recedes, the work of reconstruction begins. First of all, people need to clean up the mud and debris _____6______ （leave） by the flood to prevent the spread of diseases. Then, they start to repair the damaged houses, roads and bridges. Farmers need to rebuild their fields and plant new crops to recover their _____7______ (agriculture) production. The government also provides financial and material support to help the affected people get back to normal life as soon as possible.People from all _____8______ (walk) of life work together to fight against floods and help each other. This spirit encourages us to face all kinds of difficulties bravely. At the same time, we should also realize the _____9______ (important) of protecting the environment, because deforestation and environmental pollution may increase the_____10______ (possible) of floods. Let’s work together to protect our earth and reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.
are caused
safety
timely
for
left
being injured
agricultural
walks
importance
possibility
七、课外同话题语法填空（主题：洪水救援与灾后重建）
答案与解析
1. are caused 考查一般现在时的被动语态。先行词 floods 与 cause 是被动关系（洪水 “被引发”），且全文为一般现在时，主语 floods 是复数，故用 are caused。
2. timely 考查词性转换。空后是名词 rescue（救援），需用形容词修饰；time 的形容词形式timely表示 “及时的”，符合 “及时的救援和有效的重建” 语义。
3. safety 考查词性转换。名词所有格 people’s（人们的）后需接名词；safe 的名词形式safety表示 “安全”，为不可数名词，符合 “保证人们的安全” 语义。
4. for 考查固定搭配。provide sth. for sb. 是固定用法，意为 “为某人提供某物”，此处表示 “为幸存者提供食物、水和保暖衣物”。拓展：provide sb. with sth. 也表相同含义，若原句结构为 provide the survivors ____ food，此处则填 with。
5. being injured 考查非谓语动词的被动形式。固定搭配avoid doing sth.（避免做某事），rescuers（救援人员）与 injure（伤害）是被动关系（被漂浮物伤害），故用 being injured。
6. left 考查过去分词作后置定语。mud and debris（淤泥和废墟）与 leave（留下）是被动关系（被洪水留下），故用过去分词 left，相当于 which are left。
7. agricultural 考查词性转换。空后是名词 production（生产），需用形容词修饰；agriculture 的形容词形式agricultural表示 “农业的”，符合 “恢复农业生产” 语义。
8. walks 考查固定短语。all walks of life 意为 “各行各业”，walk 此处为可数名词，需用复数形式。
9. importance 考查词性转换。定冠词 the 后接名词，形容词 important 的名词形式importance表示 “重要性”，为不可数名词；固定搭配 the importance of...（…… 的重要性）。
10. possibility 考查词性转换。定冠词 the 后接名词，形容词 possible 的名词形式possibility表示 “可能性”，为不可数名词；固定搭配 increase the possibility of...（增加…… 的可能性）。
八、同话题词汇完形填空题（主题：自然灾害中的互助与坚守） A terrible tornado hit a small town in the middle of the night. When people woke up, they found their houses destroyed, their crops ruined and their hearts 1 with fear. Many people were trapped under the ruins, crying for help. The whole town was in 2 , and no one knew what to do next. Just then, a group of volunteers arrived. They were from a nearby city and had heard about the disaster on the news. Without wasting any time, they 3 to rescue the trapped people. Some volunteers used their hands to dig through the ruins, while others carried the injured to safe places. They worked day and night, not stopping even for a meal or a rest. Their clothes were dirty and wet, and their hands were 4 and bleeding, but they never gave up.1. A. filled B. covered C. mixed D. crowded2. A. order B. silence C. chaos D. peace3. A. refused B. started C. hesitated D. forgot4. A. soft B. smooth C. clean D. sore
1-4 ACBD
1. A 考查固定搭配。be filled with意为“充满……”，此处指“心中充满恐惧”，符合语境；covered（覆盖，be covered with）、mixed（混合）、crowded（拥挤）均不符合搭配及语境，故选A。2. C 考查名词辨析。根据前文“房屋被毁、人们被困”可知，小镇陷入混乱，in chaos意为“陷入混乱”；in order（有序）、in silence（沉默）、in peace（和平）均不符合语境，故选C。3. B 考查动词辨析。志愿者得知灾难后，立刻开始救援，start to do sth意为“开始做某事”；refuse（拒绝）、hesitate（犹豫）、forget（忘记）均不符合志愿者的行为，故选B。4. D 考查形容词辨析。志愿者用手挖废墟，手会酸痛流血，sore意为“酸痛的”；soft（柔软的）、smooth（光滑的）、clean（干净的）均不符合语境，故选D。
Among the volunteers was a young doctor named Lisa. She had just finished her shift at the hospital when she heard about the tornado. She immediately took her medical kit and 5 to the town. Lisa worked tirelessly, treating the injured people with 6 . She bandaged their wounds, gave them medicine and comforted them with kind words. Many people were in great pain, but Lisa’s care and 7 gave them hope. A little girl named Amy was trapped under a fallen wall for hours. She was scared and hungry, and she thought she would never see her family again. When the volunteers found her, she was almost 8 . Lisa quickly treated her and carried her to a safe 9 . Amy looked at Lisa with tears in her eyes and said, “Thank you, doctor. You saved my life.” Lisa smiled and said, “You are 10 , Amy. Your family will come to find you soon.”5. A. rushed B. walked C. drove D. cycled6. A. coldness B. kindness C. sadness D. anger7. A. disappointment B. encouragement C. confusion D. pressure8. A. dead B. asleep C. unconscious D. awake9. A. shelter B. house C. hospital D. school10. A. weak B. brave C. shy D. nervous
5-10 ABBCAB
5. A 考查动词辨析。医生得知龙卷风消息后，应是立刻赶往小镇，rush意为“匆忙赶往”，体现紧急性；walk（步行）、drive（开车）、cycle（骑自行车）均未体现紧迫性，故选A。
6. B 考查名词辨析。根据后文“包扎伤口、送药、用善意的话安慰”，可知医生是友善地对待伤者，kindness意为“善良”；coldness（冷漠）、sadness（悲伤）、anger（愤怒）均不符合语境，故选B。
7. B 考查名词辨析。与前文“comforted them with kind words”呼应，此处指“鼓励”给了人们希望，encouragement意为“鼓励”；disappointment（失望）、confusion（困惑）、pressure（压力）均不符合语境，故选B。
8. C 考查形容词辨析。小女孩被困数小时，又怕又饿，应是几乎失去意识，unconscious意为“无意识的”；dead（死的，语气过重）、asleep（睡着的）、awake（醒着的）均不符合语境，故选C。
9. A 考查名词辨析。灾难后，伤者会被送到安全的避难所，shelter意为“避难所”；house（房子，可能已被毁）、hospital（医院，可能无法正常运转）、school（学校，非紧急安置场所）均不符合语境，故选A。
10. B 考查形容词辨析。医生安慰小女孩，应是称赞她勇敢，brave意为“勇敢的”；weak（虚弱的）、shy（害羞的）、nervous（紧张的）均不符合安慰的语境，故选B。
In the following days, more and more volunteers arrived. They brought food, water, clothes and other supplies to the town. The local people also joined them, working together to clean up the ruins and rebuild their homes. Although the disaster was terrible, it brought people closer together. They helped each other, cared for each other and 11 each other through the difficult times. After a month of hard work, the town began to 12 . The damaged houses were repaired, the roads were cleared, and the crops were replanted. People moved back to their homes and started their normal life again. They will never forget the volunteers who helped them in their time of 13 , and they will always remember the spirit of 14 and courage that helped them get through the disaster. This experience taught them that no matter how terrible the disaster is, hope will never be 15 .11. A. supported B. criticized C. blamed D. ignored12. A. fall B. recover C. disappear D. change13. A. happiness B. safety C. need D. comfort14. A. unity B. selfishness C. greed D. fear15. A. found B. lost C. mentioned D. realized
11-15 ABCAB
11. A 考查动词辨析。与前文“helped each other, cared for each other”呼应，此处指“互相支持”度过难关，support意为“支持”；criticize（批评）、blame（责备）、ignore（忽视）均不符合语境，故选A。
12. B 考查动词辨析。根据后文“房屋修复、道路清理、重新种庄稼”，可知小镇开始恢复，recover意为“恢复”；fall（倒塌）、disappear（消失）、change（改变）均不符合语境，故选B。
13. C 考查名词辨析。in time of need意为“在需要的时候”，是固定搭配，指人们不会忘记困境中帮助他们的志愿者；happiness（幸福）、safety（安全）、comfort（舒适）均不符合语境，故选C。
14. A 考查名词辨析。全文围绕人们团结互助展开，此处指“团结和勇气的精神”，unity意为“团结”；selfishness（自私）、greed（贪婪）、fear（恐惧）均与主题相反，故选A。
15. B 考查动词辨析。结合全文“希望没有破灭”的主旨，此处指“希望永远不会消失”，lost意为“失去、消失”；found（找到）、mentioned（提到）、realized（意识到）均不符合语境，故选B。
九、同话题书面表达
假设你是校英文广播站成员，最近你所在的城市经常出现暴雨天气，有引发洪水的风险。请写一篇英文广播稿，提出一些应对暴雨洪水的建议，呼吁同学们提高安全意识。
提示：
1. 暴雨期间尽量不要外出，关闭门窗；
2. 外出时远离河流、大树和电线杆；
3. 提前准备好水、食物、手电筒等应急物品；
4. 遇到危险及时求助，听从救援人员指挥。
要求：
1. 词数80-100左右；
2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确；
3. 包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥。
参考范文 How to Protect Ourselves from Rainstorm and Flood Recently, our city has often been hit by heavy rain, which may cause floods. It is very important for us to raise our safety awareness and know how to protect ourselves. First of all, we should try not to go out during heavy rain and keep the doors and windows closed. If we have to go out, we must stay away from rivers, big trees and electric poles to avoid danger. Besides, we should prepare emergency supplies in advance, such as water, food and flashlights. Last but not least, if we are in danger, we should ask for help in time and follow the instructions of rescuers. Let’s work together to keep ourselves safe during the rainstorm season.

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