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(共53张PPT)
——必修第二册UNIT5　HUMANS AND NATURE
课时习题巩固检测
重点单词及句型讲解
派生词及重点短语梳理
Content
目录
part one
part two
part three
part one
派生词及重点短语梳理
派生词梳理
1.eruption n.爆发 erupt v.爆发;喷出
2.crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满人的 crowd n.人群;一伙人v.涌上(心头);挤满,塞满
3.ecology n.生态;生态学 ecological adj.生态学的;生态的
4.shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信 n.震惊;休克;冲击 shocking adj.令人震惊的
　shocked adj.震惊的;震撼的
5.survive vi.& vt.活下来;幸存;存活 survival n.幸存;残存物 survivor n.幸存者
6.poetry n.诗歌;作诗的艺术 poem n.诗 poet n.诗人
7.mystery n.神秘事物,难以理解的事物 mysterious adj.神秘的;奇怪的
8.frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的 frighten v.使惊吓;使惊恐
frightening adj.引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
9.horrible adj.可怕的,吓人的,令人恐惧的 horror n.恐惧;震惊;厌恶
horribly adv.害怕地;可怕地
10.curious adj.好奇的 curiously adv.好奇地 curiosity n.好奇心
11.observation n.观察;观察结果 observe vt.观察;庆祝;注意到;遵守
12.equal adj.相等的;相同的;胜任的 n.同等的人;相等物 vt.等于;比得上
　equally adv.同样地;相等地 equality n.平等;相等
13.interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话 interruption n.插嘴,打扰;中断时间
14.death n.死,死亡 die v.死亡;消亡 dying adj.垂死的 dead adj.死的
15.operation n.行动,活动;手术;操作 operate v.运转;操作
operator n.接线员;操作人员
16.suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨;苦难 suffer vi.& vt.遭受
　sufferer n.受难者;患病者
17.conduct vi.& vt.指挥 vt.实施;进行;执行 conductor n.指挥;售票员
18.protection n.保护;防护 protect v.保护 protective adj.保护的;防护的
19.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸 vt.呼出 breath n.呼吸;呼吸的空气
　breathless adj.气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气
20.explorer n.探险者;勘察者 explore vt.探究;探讨;探索 exploration n.探索
21.preparation n.预备,准备 prepare v.准备;预备
22.polar adj.极地的,地极的 pole n.极,地极;柱子
23.base n.基地,大本营;基础 vt.以……为基地 basis n.基础;基点;基准
　basic adj.基础的;基本的 basically adv.基本上
24.anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地;担忧地 anxious adj.焦急的;忧虑的,担心的
　anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
25.ambition n.抱负,雄心;追求,夙愿 ambitious adj.有雄心的;有野心的
26.cheerful adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的 cheer v.加油;欢呼
27.prove vt.证明;证实 proof n.证据
28.honesty n.坦诚;诚实,正直 honest adj.诚实的 dishonest adj.不诚实的
29.sincerity n.真诚,真挚,诚实 sincere adj.真诚的;坦率的
sincerely adv.真诚地;诚实地
30.bravery n.勇气;勇敢的行为 brave adj.勇敢的 bravely adv.勇敢地
31.disappearance n. 消亡;消失 appear v.出现 disappear v.消失
重点短语梳理
1.turn one's back (on sb/sth)对……置之不理, 对……撒手不管
2.be/become curious about对……感到好奇
3.pick up去接(某人);拿起;捡起;营救,搭救 4.breathe in吸气
5.run out用完;耗尽 6.break down停止运转,出故障;失败;垮掉
7.have difficulty with sth在某事方面有困难 8.body and soul身心
9.in the direction of 朝……方向
10.on the edge of在……边缘;某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
11.at great speed高速地 12.in the end最后 13.on the way to...在去往……的路上
14.be of the same size同样大小 15.as you can see正如你所看到的
16.prepare for the return journey准备回程
17.ahead of their planned schedule比原定计划提前
18.in the history of exploration在探险史上 19.the weather conditions 天气状况
20.hopeless situation绝望的处境 21.fail to win the race未能赢得比赛
名词后缀-ance:①……的状态　②……的性质 直接加-ance disappearance消亡,消失　appearance出现,露面　acceptance接受;赞同
disturbance扰乱 annoyance烦恼,气恼 performance表演,演出;表现
assistance帮助,援助
去掉结尾字 母e加-ance guidance指导,指引　perseverance坚持不懈　resemblance相像
insurance保险 endurance持久力,忍耐力
变y为i加-ance reliance信赖
构词方法归纳
part two
重点单词及句型讲解
1.shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信 (surprise,amaze,astonish) n.震惊;休克;冲击
　→shocked adj.震惊的;震撼的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
【经典造句】　In her first P.E.class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside.
在伊娃的第一堂体育课上,当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时,她惊呆了。
in shock　 震惊地;休克
be numb with shock 震惊得目瞪口呆
be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do...　 因做……而震惊
重点单词讲解
2.escape vi.& vt.逃离 (flee);逃避;被忘掉;泄漏 n.逃脱,逃离;泄漏
【经典造句】　
Now, anyone who does harm to our environment won't escape being punished.
现在,任何危害我们环境的人都逃不过惩罚。
escape from　　　 从……逃脱;逃避……
escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做某事
have a narrow escape 死里逃生;侥幸躲过
3.survive vi.& vt.活下来;幸存;存活→survival n.幸存;残存物→survivor n.幸存者
【经典造句】　
Life isn't about how to survive the storm;it's about learning to dance in the rain.
生活不是如何从暴风雨中幸存,而是要学会在雨中跳舞。
survive sth　 幸免于;在……中活过来
survive on　 靠……存活下来
survive from 　 从……幸存或留传下来
survive sb by　 (时间段)比某人多活……
4.frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的 (scared,alarmed)→frighten vt.使惊吓,使惊恐
　→frightening adj.引起恐惧的;使惊恐的;骇人的
【经典造句】　
I felt so frightened that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
我感到如此害怕,以至于嗓子发紧,膝盖发软。
be frightened to do sth　　不敢去做某事
be frightened of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事
frighten sb into doing sth 吓唬某人做某事
frighten sb out of doingsth使某人吓得不敢做某事
5.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n.好奇心
【经典造句】　
Curious and confused,Frank stopped to get closer to the scene.
弗兰克既好奇又困惑,于是停下来靠近现场。
Out of curiosity, the little boy peeped into the office through the window.
出于好奇,这个小男孩透过窗户向办公室里窥视。
be curious about　 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth渴望做某事;对做某事感到好奇
with curiosity　 好奇地
out of curiosity　 出于好奇
6.equal adj.相等的;相同的;胜任的 n.同等的人;相等物 vt.等于;比得上→equally
　adv.相等地;同样地→equality n.平等;相等
【经典造句】　
I am sure I am equal to the position because I have ever worked as a tour guide.我相信我可以胜任这个职务,因为我曾经当过导游。
【注意】　表示“胜任……”的其他表达:
①be up to　②be qualified for
be equal to (doing) sth 　 等于/胜任(做)某事
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth　 在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
without equal　 无与伦比
7.attempt n.& vt.努力,尝试 (try),企图→attempted adj.未遂的,企图的
【经典造句】　
I attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people,but I was all thumbs.我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物,但我笨手笨脚的。
attempt to do sth 　 尝试(试图)做某事
make an attempt/attempts (to do sth) 尝试(做某事)
at the first attempt　 第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事;希望做某事
8.measure vt.估量,衡量;测量 n.措施;尺寸,程度→measurement n.尺寸;大小;测量
【经典造句】　
It is (high) time that we took/should take measures to keep air from being polluted. 该是我们采取措施阻止空气污染的时候了。
【注意】　measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词,用主动形式表示被动含义。
measure...by...　 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in　 用……来衡量/计算
take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事
make sth to one's measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
9.protection n.保护;防护(conservation,preservation)→protect v.保护→protective
adj.保护的;防护的
【经典造句】　
Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
每年的4月22日是“地球日”,旨在提高公众的环保意识。
under protection 　 处在保护下
protect...against...　 保护……以免……
protect...from doing/being done 保护……不被……
10.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸vt.呼出→breath n.呼吸;呼吸的空气→breathless
adj.气喘吁吁的,上气不接下气的
【经典造句】　
Additionally,oceans are“the lungs of our planet”, providing most of the oxygen we breathe.
此外,海洋是“地球之肺”,提供了我们呼吸的大部分氧气。
breathe in/out　 吸气/呼气
breathe a sigh of relief　 松了一口气
hold one's breath　 屏息;屏气
take/draw a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 喘不过气;上气不接下气
11.anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地(uneasily);担忧地→anxious adj.焦急的;忧虑的,
担心的→anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑,担心;渴望
【经典造句】　
He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety as if he had been sitting on pins and needles.
他焦虑地等待着结果,如坐针毡。
I'm anxious to improve my English speaking skills so that I can communicate more confidently with people from different cultures.
我渴望提高我的英语口语技能,以便我能更自信地与来自不同文化背景的人交流。
be anxious about sth
be anxious for sb
为……担忧
be anxious to do/that...　渴望(做)……
with anxiety=anxiously焦急地
12.run out用完;耗尽(主语为物,无被动语态)
【经典造句】　
Jane's energy was running out when her husband emerged, making her smile through tears.
简的力气快用完了,这时她的丈夫出现了,这让她含着泪笑了。
run out of 　 用完;耗尽(主语为人)
run across　 偶然遇见
run after　 追捕;跟踪;追求
run into　 撞上;偶然遇见;遇到(困难等)
run for　 竞选;匆匆去取
13.break down停止运转,出故障;(身体等)垮掉;使分解;(谈判)失败;破坏,消除
(尤指某种感情或态度)
【经典造句】　
Communication can help break down the barriers between young men and their parents. 交流将有助于消除年轻人和他们的父母之间的隔阂。
break up　　 结束;(使)破碎;分裂;(使)散开
break in　 破门而入;打断(谈话等)
break into　 强行闯入;突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发;发生(无被动语态)
break away from　脱离;挣脱
①Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. 　　　　　
②You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)　　　　　
③If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys.(2024·浙江1月卷) 　　　　　
n.捕捉器
trap
n.陷阱
vt.使困住
同一个单词的不同汉语意思
①He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 　　　　　
②If you work hard like that,you will break down one day. 　　　　　
③Really,the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way,which made my dad in trouble.(浙江6月卷) 　　　　　
④Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40% of plastics. 　　　　　
⑤All our plans broke down because of his opposition. 　　　　　
情不自禁地哭起来
break down
(身体)垮掉
(机器)出故障
(物质)分解
(计划)失败
wave
　　Looking at the fierce ①wave in the sea, the old woman ②waved her hand to her son aboard the ship. When the ship was out of sight, a ③wave of sadness washed over her.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
①n.海浪;波涛　②vt.挥手示意　③n.(感情的)风潮
1.句型公式:the+比较级……,the+比较级……
课本原句:The first,the larger the bodies were,the more rapidly they fell.
第一,物体越大,下落越快。
【经典造句】　
The more time I spent participating in this picking activity, the more I was aware of the significance of work.
我参加采摘活动的时间越长,我就越意识到工作的重要性。
重点句型讲解
【注意】　“the+比较级(……),the+比较级(……)”结构中,第一个“the+比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句,在表示将来意义的情况下,用一般现在时表示将来。
(1)“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”意为“越……,就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”,表示本身程度的变化。
(3)“the more...,the less...”意为“越……,越不……”。
2.句型公式:have difficulty (in) doing sth
课本原句:The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking. 下一个离去的是奥茨船长,他连走路都很困难。
【经典造句】　
It is also true that, after graduating from the university, Einstein had difficulty (in) finding a post.
此外,大学毕业后,爱因斯坦连找工作都很难,这也是事实。
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦;做某事费劲
have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某方面有困难/麻烦
do sth with/without difficulty/trouble 做某事(没)有困难/麻烦
part three
课时习题巩固检测
语法填空
　　Guessing lantern riddles is an activity that 1.　　　　 (date) back at least as far as the Southern Song Dynasty,2.　　　　 scholars wrote riddles on small slips of paper and 3.　　　　 (hang) them from lanterns for festival attendees to guess.
Most of these lantern riddles were 4.　　　　 (simple) created as a form of entertainment.Sometimes,however,imperial advisors used them to make a 5.　　 　　 (suggest) to the emperor.
dates
when
hung
simply
suggestion
1.【解析】 考查时态和主谓一致。描述事物的一般情况,句子应用一般现在时,空前that引导限制性定语从句,指代先行词activity,在从句中作主语,activity为单数名词,空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
2.【解析】 考查定语从句。空处应用关系词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the Southern Song Dynasty,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。故填when。
3.【解析】 考查时态。空处应与wrote并列在定语从句中作谓语,故应用动词的过去式。故填hung。
4.【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰动词created,应用副词simply“仅仅”,作状语。故填simply。
5.【解析】 考查名词。由a可知,空处应用单数名词,构成短语make a suggestion“提建议”。故填suggestion。
If the emperor didn’t like it,the advisors could claim that the riddle had been interpreted incorrectly,thus 6.　　 　　 (avoid) his wrath (愤怒).This was possible because the riddles’ answers were rarely obvious,
leaving them open to multiple interpretations.
Today’s lantern riddles are still difficult 7.　　　 　 (guess).So difficult,in fact,that they’re referred to as “lantern tigers” and guessing lantern riddles is sometimes referred to as “guessing lantern tigers”.Generally,lantern riddles are based on complex forms of wordplay and may be difficult for even 8.　　　 　 (advance) students of Chinese to understand.
avoiding
to guess
advanced
6.【解析】 考查现在分词。空处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,作结果状语。故填avoiding。
7.【解析】 考查动词不定式。此处为固定结构:主语 + be + 形容词 + to do,其中不定式的主动形式表被动含义。故填to guess。
8.【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词students,应用形容词advanced“高级的,水平高的”,作定语。故填advanced。
Most riddles consist of the riddle itself and an implication that tells the guesser what form he or she should expect the answer to take.For example,sometimes 9.　　　　 implication might indicate that the answer is a Chinese idiom,the name of a country or that it should be composed 10.　　　　 Chinese characters.
the
of
9.【解析】 考查冠词。空处特指上文提到的名词implication,应用定冠词the。故填the。
10.【解析】 考查介词。固定短语be composed of意为“由……组成”。故填of。
完形填空
This was the big game.The boys were　1　 and excited.It was a clear night, and my son Andy’s baseball team, which had 　2　 all year, had shocked the better teams by making it to this championship game.The atmosphere was 　3　: The other team’s slugger (强击手), a big kid, was like a snake, dangerous and ready to 　4　.
(　　)1.A. nervous B. scared
C. curious D. ashamed
A
【解析】 根据上文的“This was the big game.”可知,这是一场重要的比赛,所以男孩们既紧张(nervous)又兴奋。故选A。
(　　)2.A. waited B. struggled
C. said D. run
A
【解析】 根据后文“had shocked the better teams”可知,让其他优秀的球队震惊说明之前的表现出乎意料,所以作者儿子的棒球队一整年都在努力拼搏(struggled)。故选B。
(　　)3.A. electric B. friendly
C. casual D. romantic
A
【解析】 根据后文“the other team’s slugger(强击手), a big kid, was like a snake, dangerous and ready to”可知,对手准备出击,所以气氛很激烈(electric)。故选A。
(　　)4.A. escape B. erupt
C. jump D. strike
D
【解析】 根据上文的“like a snake, dangerous and ready to”可知,对手准备出击(strike)。故选D。
Nervously, I looked out Andy’s way.I was　5　 to see Andy looking straight up at the night sky! Obviously he wasn’t 　6　 on the game.I was horrified that he wouldn’t even know the ball was coming.“Come on, Andy.　7　 out there,” I said to myself.However,the big kid made a mistake.We (Andy and I) had been 　8　 and our team still led by one run.
(　　)5.A. amused B. content
C. shocked D. proud
C
【解析】 根据后文的“to see Andy looking straight up at the night sky”可知,这么重要的比赛作者的儿子却在看夜空,作者感到震惊(shocked)。故选C。
(　　)6.A. carrying B. focusing
C. commenting D. reflecting
B
【解析】 根据上文的“to see Andy looking straight up at the night sky”可知,儿子没有集中注意力于(focusing)比赛。故选B。
(　　)7.A. Settle down B. Stand up
C. Wake up D. Lie down
C
【解析】 根据上文的“I was horrified that he wouldn’t even know the ball was coming.”可知,作者在心里默念儿子赶紧回过神(wake up)进行比赛。故选C。
(　　)8.A. informed B. punished
C. warned D. spared
D
【解析】 根据上文的“However,the big kid made a mistake.”可知,因为对方犯错,所以Andy暂时没有被对方打败,即幸免一次。故选D。
Andy ran up to me at the　9　.I was about to 　10　 him when he said loudly, “Did you see that shooting star ” Andy’s eyes were glowing (发光) with 　11　.I paused.“Yes,” I said.“Well,one inning
(局) to go.Hit a homerun (全垒打)! Okay!” said Andy, and he ran back to his 　12　.
(　　)9.A. meeting B. break
C. corner D. entrance
B
【解析】 根据上文的“Andy ran up to me ”可知,儿子跑向作者说明是在休息期间(break)。故选B。
(　　)10.A. blame B. comfort
C. entertain D. threaten
A
【解析】 根据上文的“Obviously he wasn’t 　6　 on the game.”可知,儿子在比赛的时候走神了,所以作者想要责备(blame)他。故选A。
(　　)11.A. anger B. anxiety
C. excitement D. confidence
C
【解析】 根据上文的“Did you see that shooting star ”可知,此处指Andy看到流星因兴奋(excitement)而眼睛发光。故选C。
(　　)12.A. teammates B. fans
C. parents D. stars
A
【解析】 根据上文可知,儿子答应了作者以后,回到了队友(teammates)身边。故选A。
I suddenly realised it was nice my son would take timeout to　13　 the wonder and beauty in life.You might be surprised by the beauty you can find when you least 　14　 it.Andy hit a triple (三垒打) in that last inning.But I still wish I had 　15　 that shooting star, too.
(　　)13.A. create B. research
C. explain D. appreciate
D
【解析】 根据后文的“the wonder and beauty in life”以及儿子看到流星可知,儿子愿意去欣赏(appreciate)生活中的奇迹和美好。故选D。
(　　)14.A. need B. expect
C. afford D. suspect
B
【解析】 根据上文的“You might be surprised by the beauty you can find”可知,此处指在最预料(expect)不到的时候发现了生活的美好。故选B。
(　　)15.A. become B. filmed
C. seen D. followed
C
【解析】 呼应上文“Did you see that shooting star ”可知,作者希望自己当时看到了(seen)流星。故选C。
结语
十年磨剑放光芒，笔尖生辉多力量，自信满满心莫慌，满腔热血上战场，才思隽永心中藏，知识重点全不忘，乘风破浪会有时，金榜题名定辉煌。祝同学们高考加油！
THANK YOU!

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