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八年级英语下册Unit2语法讲义
被动语态（2）
学习目标
掌握一般过去时的被动语态的结构和用法。
理解带有不定式宾补的动词在被动语态中的变化。
归纳总结一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态。
一、一般过去时的被动语态
1. 定义与结构
当我们要强调过去某个动作的承受者，或者不知道/不必强调动作的执行者时，使用一般过去时的被动语态。
结构公式：主语 + ______ + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
请根据例句补全上面空格中的be动词形式。
例句：
Bob ________ encouraged to train for the high jump.
（Bob 被鼓励参加跳高训练。）
Connie’s ability in swimming ________ noticed by the coach.
（Connie 的游泳能力引起了教练的注意。）
2. 各种句式
请观察例句，并补全下列结构中的be动词或助动词。
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by...)
否定句：主语 + was/were + ______ + 过去分词 (+ by...)
例：The window ________ not broken by the boy.
一般疑问句：______ + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by...)
例：________ the letter sent yesterday
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + ______ + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by...)
例：When ________ the bridge built
注意：was 用于主语是 I / he / she / it 及单数名词；were 用于 you / we / they 及复数名词。
3. 带不定式宾补的动词的被动语态
有些动词后面可以接“宾语 + 不定式（to do）”，如：encourage sb to do sth, allow sb to do sth, ask sb to do sth 等。变为被动语态时，把宾语提前作主语，不定式位置不变。
主动：主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth
被动：主语（原宾语）+ be + 过去分词 + to do sth (+ by...)
例句对比：
The school encouraged Bob to train for the high jump.
→ Bob ________ encouraged to train for the high jump.
The coach noticed Connie’s ability.
→ Connie’s ability ________ noticed by the coach.
二、被动语态用法总结
1. 三种时态的被动语态结构（以动词do为例）
一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done
一般过去时 did ______ / ______ + done
一般将来时 will / be going to + do will / be going to + ______ + done
三、配套练习
A. 用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意语态和时态）
The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ (hold) in Beijing.
These trees ________ (plant) last spring.
The book ________ (write) by a famous writer in 2010.
Students ________ (allow) to use dictionaries in the exam yesterday.
The new film ________ (show) at the cinema next week.
Usually, computers ________ (use) to search for information.
B. 单项选择
( ) 1. My bike _______ last night.
A. stole B. is stolen C. was stolen D. steals
( ) 2. When _______ the telephone _______
A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. will; invent
( ) 3. The children _______ to swim last month and they can swim very well now.
A. are taught B. were taught C. taught D. have taught
( ) 4. A new bridge _______ over the river next year.
A. built B. is built C. will be built D. was built
( ) 5. English _______ in many countries, but it _______ in China as a foreign language.
A. speaks; uses B. is spoken; is used C. speaks; is used D. is spoken; uses
C. 句型转换（改为被动语态，每空一词）
They built this school in 1995.
→ This school ________ ________ in 1995.
My mother encourages me to read more books.
→ I ________ ________ to read more books.
We will finish the work tomorrow.
→ The work ________ ________ ________ tomorrow.
Did they invite you to the party
→ ________ you ________ to the party
D. 翻译句子（用括号内的提示）
这座桥是去年建造的。（build, last year）
→ ____________________________________.
这些照片将在下周的展览中展出。（show, next week）
→ ____________________________________.
那个男孩被要求打扫教室。（ask, clean）
→ ____________________________________.
参考答案
一、一般过去时的被动语态
结构公式：主语 + was/were + 过去分词
例句：Bob was encouraged; ability was noticed
否定句：was/were + not
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语
带不定式宾补：Bob was encouraged; ability was noticed
二、被动语态用法总结
略
三、配套练习
A. 填空
were held / was held
were planted
was written
were allowed
will be shown / is going to be shown
are used
B. 选择
C（一般过去时被动）
A（一般过去时被动疑问）
B（一般过去时被动）
C（一般将来时被动）
B（一般现在时被动，两句都是）
C. 句型转换
was built
am encouraged
will be finished
Were; invited
D. 翻译
This bridge was built last year.
These photos will be shown in the exhibition next week.
That boy was asked to clean the classroom.

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