资源简介

(共97张PPT)
主题语境：自然灾害与防范
At 3：42 a.m.，everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！①[1] Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly② earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across③ houses，roads，and waterways.In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins④.The number of people who were killed or badly⑤ injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but⑥ ruins.[2] Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone⑦.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead.People were in shock⑧—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.[3]
词汇积累 佳句背诵
①come to an end 结束
②deadly adj.致命的
③cut across 横穿；抄近路穿过
④ruin vt.破坏；毁坏→n.破坏；毁坏；废墟[词类活用]
⑤badly adv.坏；差→非常；极度地[熟词生义]
⑥nothing but 只有；只；仅仅
⑦gone adj.走了；离开了→不复存在的；一去不复返的[熟词生义]
⑧in shock 震惊；吃惊 [1]It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
[2]Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins.(everywhere引导地点状语从句)
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
[3]People were in shock—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.(心理描写)
人们惊恐万状——然后临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。
【原文呈现】
Hot！Hot！Hot!
1 Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube①station[1]，I see the title “ Hot！Hot！Hot！”.Today，the temperature in London is expected to reach② 30 plus③ degrees！The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees，so over 30 is not usual for London.It's going to be awful on the Central Line，with no air conditioning④.Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning？It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines，as well as one of the deepest.[2]It's the hottest on the whole Tube system.
[1]动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[2]It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。deepest后省略了lines，因为as well as连接的是两个并列的名词短语，且这两个名词短语的中心词同为lines，所以可以省略。
①the Tube(伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
tube/tju b/n.管，管子
②be expected to do sth 预计做某事
expect sb to do sth 预料/期待某人做某事
expectation n.预料，期待；希望，盼望
③plus/pl s/adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余
30 plus degrees 30多度
④air conditioning 空气调节系统
air conditioner 空调机，空调设备
2 Sure enough⑤，going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting⑥.[3]This，however，is nothing compared to⑦ the train[4].Because there's no air conditioning，the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees！It's lovely at the beach，but not so[5]when you're wearing a suit and in a crowd of⑧ passengers！I'm sure the passenger next to me[6]and I are melting⑨ and becoming one！I had bacon and eggs for breakfast，and now I'm feeling a bit sick—I hope I can make it to⑩ Bank station...I' ll avoid the feeling by thinking about work.I work in a tall，glass building.One very hot summer，the sun reflected off it and melted cars parked below[7]! Will this happen again today
[3]sure enough是副词短语，在句中作状语，对整个句子作评注性说明。going down...platform是动词-ing形式短语作主语； that's erupting是定语从句，修饰先行词a volcano。
[4]过去分词短语作状语，句子的主语This和compare之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
[5]本句为省略句，其完整形式是but it is not so。
[6]介词短语作后置定语，修饰the passenger。
[7]过去分词短语作cars的后置定语，park与cars之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
⑤sure enough (表示不出所料)果然
⑥erupt/I'r pt/v.(火山)爆发，喷发
eruption n.爆发，喷发
⑦compared to/with...与……相比
⑧a crowd of...一群……
⑨melt v.(使)熔化，融化
⑩make it to someplace (及时)到达/准时到达某地
reflect off 反射
3 Yes，each summer in London definitely seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit scared.Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future？I should probably put my flat on the market and buy a boat.That way ，when the Thames rises and there is a flood in London，I'll still be able to get to work.But wait！Would I still have a workplace to go to？My office is only on the third floor of the building，so quite low[8].I'll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor.Most importantly，I will need to learn to swim！I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately .Then I'll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
[8]省略句，其完整的形式应是which is so quite low。
put...on the market 出售……
that way 相当于in that way。
immediately/ 'mi di tli/adv.即刻，马上
flood[熟词生义]v.淹没
4 Looking through my newspaper[9]，I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town[10].What's more，heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides ，and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.News like this makes me feel nervous.Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth[11]，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
[9]动词-ing形式短语作状语。
[10]动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词photos。其中含有that引导的宾语从句。
[11]Now that引导的原因状语从句，now that意为“既然，由于”。
look through 浏 览；翻阅；仔细检查
landslide/'l ndsla d/ n.滑坡，山崩
occur/ 'k /v.发生
5 “The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement .[12] That's my destination.Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart[13], I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.Well，maybe I have been worrying too much.After all，it's only 30 degrees outside!
[12]全部倒装语序。
[13]“with＋名词短语”作状语，意为“心情沉重地”。
announcement / 'na nsm nt/n.通告，公告
【参考译文】
热！热！热！
1 从地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，“热！热！热！”的标题映入眼帘。今天，伦敦的温度预计会达到30多度！(伦敦)7月份的平均高温也不过22度，因此30多度对伦敦来说是不寻常的。地铁中央线上没有空调系统将会很恐怖。为什么他们要在发明空调系统之前发明地铁呢？典型的是我乘车的线路，它是最老，也是位置最深的线路之一。它是整个地铁系统里最闷热的一条线。
2 果然，走下楼梯，迈上站台就像是跳进正在爆发的火山一样，但跟列车上比起来这都不算什么。因为没有空调，列车上的温度可以达到35度！在海滩上，这样的温度是很舒适的，可是当你穿着西装，跟一群乘客挤在一起就并非如此了！我确定我旁边的乘客和我正在化掉，马上就要融为一体了！我早餐吃了咸猪肉和鸡蛋，现在我感觉有点恶心——希望我能撑到银行站……我通过想工作(的事)来避开这种(难受的)感觉。我在一栋玻璃高楼里工作。有一年夏天非常热，阳光从玻璃上反射出去，将停在楼下的汽车都熔化了！这种事情今天还会再发生一次吗？
3 是的，伦敦的每个夏天似乎的确是一年比一年热了。我突然感到有些害怕。或许现在是开始规划一下未来的时候了？我或许应该把我的公寓卖掉，再买艘船。那样的话，等泰晤士河(河水)上涨，伦敦发洪水的时候，我还能去工作。但是，等等！我还有可去工作的地方吗？我的办公室只在三楼，太低了。我要跟经理谈谈搬到顶楼的事。最重要的是，我要学习游泳！我要马上参加一个初级游泳班。那么即使当高楼大厦被淹没时，我也能活下来。
4 翻阅报纸的时候，我被一组照片震惊到了，照片显示亚洲的一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇。此外，东欧的大雨引发了山体滑坡，席卷南欧的热浪引起了森林火灾。专家称，这糟糕的天气源于气候变化。诸如此类的新闻令我感到焦虑。既然在地球上很难躲避灾难，或许我该开始考虑搬到太空了……
5 “下一站，银行站！”的播报声传来。我要到站了。我心情沉重地走出车站，突然感到一股清新的风拂过脸颊。好啦，也许我担心得太多了。毕竟，外面只有30度而已！
1.What's the main idea of the passage
A.A journey in London.
B.The crowded situation.
C.The Tube system in London.
D.The extreme weather conditions.
答案　D
2.Choose the main idea of each paragraph.
A.The author's feelings after walking out of the Tube.
B.What the author finds and feels before entering the Tube.
C.The strange ideas of the author in the Tube.
D.The author's experience inside the Tube.
E.The shocking news about the disaster from the newspaper.
Para.1：__　Para.2：___　Para.3：___　Para.4：___ Para.5：__
B
D
C
E
A
Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why does the author talk about the newspaper title
A.Only to tell us something about the weather.
B.To show that the newspaper is free.
C.To introduce the topic of this text.
D.To tell us the Tube is very hot.
2.What can we infer from paragraph 1
A.There is air conditioning in the Tube.
B.The Tube is out of date now.
C.There are too many people in the Tube.
D.The Tube is the longest line in the world.
答案　1.C　2.B
Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why did the author feel a bit sick
A.Because the temperature in the train had reached 35 degrees.
B.Because the author had bacon and eggs for breakfast.
C.Because a volcano was erupting near London.
D.Because it was very hot and crowded in the Tube.
2.What can we know from paragraph 2
A.The passenger next to the author is wearing a suit.
B.The air conditioning in the train is broken down.
C.Today's temperature might be very high.
D.The cars parked below the building are to be melted.
答案　1.D　2.C
Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why does the author suggest moving to the top floor
_____________________________________________
2.What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A.The author isn't able to swim at all.
B.The author feels scared to live in London.
C.The author has put a boat in his flat.
D.The author cannot survive when the tall buildings are flooded.
答案　A
Because he is afraid that his workplace will be flooded.
Ⅳ.Read Paras.4－5 carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why are there so many disasters in this summer
__________________________
2.How does the author feel about the reports of natural disasters around the world
A.Excited. B.Nervous.
C.Relaxed. D.Embarrassed.
答案　B
Because of the climate change.
3.How does the author feel when he steps out of the station
A.Less hot. B.Much sicker.
C.More worried. D.More scared.
答案　A
1.Sure enough，going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting.
[句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中going down the stairs and onto the platform为动词-ing形式短语作____；that's erupting为that引导的____从句。
[自主翻译]　_______________________________________________________
主语
定语
果然，走下楼梯，迈上站台就像是跳进了正在爆发的火山一样。
2.Looking through my newspaper，I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
[句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。句中Looking through my newspaper为动词-ing形式短语作____；showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town为动词-ing形式短语作________，其中that引导的是____从句。
[自主翻译]　_____________________________________________________________
_______________
状语
后置定语
宾语
翻阅报纸的时候，我被一组照片震惊到了，照片显示亚洲的一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇。
I pick 1.__ a free newspaper at the Tube station and see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”.Today，the temperature in London is expected 2._______ (reach) 30 plus degrees.While 3._____ (go) down the stairs and onto the platform，I feel like jumping into a volcano that is erupting.However，it is much 4._____ (bad) on the train because there is no air conditioning.With so many people on the train，I feel I am melting into one with the person 5._______ is next to me.Standing on the crowded hot train，I feel sick and uncomfortable.
up
to reach
going
worse
who/that
With the temperature getting higher each year，I think I should be well prepared for the change.Perhaps，I should sell my flat and buy a boat so that I will be able to get to work when the Thames 6.____ (rise).I will also speak with my manager about moving my office to the top floor.Most 7._________ (important)，I should learn swimming immediately so as to survive when the tall buildings 8._________ (flood).Since it's difficult to avoid 9._______ (disaster) on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space.
In the end，I manage to make 10.__ to Bank station.Stepping out of the station，I feel much more comfortable.Anyhow，it is only 30 degrees outside.
rises
importantly
are flooded
disasters
it
1.Why are there more and more disasters in the world
________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Facing natural disasters，what should we do
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Because our environment is being affected by human activities，which may lead to various natural disasters.
On the one hand，we should protect our environment to reduce natural disasters; on the other hand，we should know some safety tips to protect ourselves when they occur，since the disasters are not terrible，but what is terrible is that there is no hope in our heart.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
选出与单词对应的汉语释义
1.tube n. A.山崩，滑坡
2.typhoon n. B.台风
3.landslide n. C.管子
答案　1～3　CBA
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1.______ n. 灾难，灾祸
2.____ adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
disaster
plus
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1._____ v.(火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n.(火山)爆发，喷发；(战争等)爆发
2.__________ adv.即刻，马上→immediate adj.立即的，即刻的
3._____ v.发生，出现；存在于；想起→occurrence n.发生，出现；发生的事情；存在的事物
4.____________ n.通告，公告；宣布；宣告→announce vt.宣布；宣告(决定、计划等)；通告；广播
erupt
immediately
occur
announcement
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.______ 捡起，拿起
2._______________ 走下楼梯
3.__________ 及时赶到……
4.look through _____________________
5.after all ____________
pick up
go down the stairs
make it to...
浏览；翻阅；仔细检查
终究；毕竟
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.动词-ing形式作状语
(1)_______________________ (拿起一份免费报纸) at the Tube station，I see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”.
(2)___________________________ (翻阅报纸的时候)，I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
2.动词-ing形式作主语
Sure enough，____________________________________ (走下楼梯，迈上站台) is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting.
Picking up a free newspaper
Looking through my newspaper
going down the stairs and onto the platform
3.now that引导原因状语从句
_____________________________________ (既然在地球上很难躲避灾难)，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth
核心词汇
1.immediately adv.即刻，马上conj.一……就……
[教材原句]　I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately.我要马上参加一个初级游泳班。
(1)immediate adj.　　　　即刻的，马上的；迫切的
(2)作连词且意为“一……就……”的副词还有directly、instantly等，它们相当于as soon as/the moment/the instant/ the minute。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Four days later，when I was back in Vienna，I called Gunter as promised.He didn't recognise me __________(immediate) when I said hello to him.
②她一听到这个坏消息，就感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭起来。
______________________________，she felt a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.(读后续写之情感描写)
③我们应该立刻采取措施保护我们的历史文化遗产。
We should ________________________preserve our historic and cultural heritage.(应用文写作之倡议书)
immediately
Immediately she heard the bad news
take immediate measures to
2.look through 浏览，快速查看；仔细检查；透过……看
[教材原句]　Looking through my newspaper，I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.翻阅报纸的时候，我被一组照片震惊到了，照片显示亚洲的一场飓风摧毁了一个城镇。
look forward to　　　 期待，盼望(to为介词)
look into 调查
look out (for) 当心
look back on/upon 回忆，回顾
look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
look up 查阅；抬头向上看
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Thanks for your kind consideration and I look forward to ________(receive) your earliest reply.
②The child excitedly pointed at the sky as he looked ___at the stars，asking his father countless questions about them.
③We'll look ____the problem and take effective measures to prevent it from happening again.
④可以请你帮我仔细检查一下这篇论文并看看有没有明显的错误吗？
Would you please ___________________for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes？(应用文写作之求助信)
receiving
up
into
look through the paper
[名师点津]　常考的“动词＋through”短语：
①get through　　 通过(考试等)；接通电话；完成
②go through 获准；通过；经历；详细检查
③break through 冲破；突破
④live through 经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存
3.occur v.发生，出现；存在于(→occurrence n.发生的事情；出现，发生)
[教材原句]　Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.专家称，这糟糕的天气源于气候变化。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①It occurred to me ________(attend) an important meeting when I was about to go home.
②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)我感到非常沮丧和抱歉，尴尬的笑容悄悄地浮现在我的脸上。然后我想到了一个主意。
I felt so depressed and sorry，embarrassed smile creeping into my face.Then______________
_____.(读后续写之情绪描写)
③他从来没有想到这个小小的善举会让他受益良多。
___________________________________________________________so much.(读后续写之主旨升华)
to attend
an idea occurred to me
It never occurred to him that his small act of kindness would benefit him
[名师点津]　表示“某人想到……”的其他句式：
①It strikes/comes to/hits sb that...
②sth strikes sb
③sth comes to sb
④sb hits on/upon sth
4.announcement n.通告，公告(→announce v.宣布；通知→announcer n.广播员，节目主持人)
[教材原句]　“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement.“下一站，银行站！”的播报声传来。
(1)make an announcement 下通知；宣布
(2)It is announced that... 据称……；据宣布……
announce to sb sth/that... 向某人宣布……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①As the ceremony was nearing the end，I suddenly heard the head coach __________
(announce)，“The highest honour goes to Cathy！”
②The school made an ____________(announce) about holding an English speech contest the next Monday，which made Tom very excited.(读后续写之心理描写)
③当主持人宣布她获奖时，她兴奋得不能自已。
_______________________________________，a wide excitement took hold of her.(读后续写之情绪描写)
announcing
announcement
When the host announced that she won the prize
重点句式
now that引导原因状语从句
[教材原句]　Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...既然在地球上很难躲避灾难，或许我该开始考虑搬到太空了……
(1)now that在句中引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”，与since同义，语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重于主句。在口语中常省略that。
(2)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：because(因为；语气较强，常用于回答why提出的问题)、since(既然，由于)、as(因为，由于；语气较弱)、for(因为；并列连词，置于主句之后)；
(3)引导原因状语从句的介词短语有due to(由于，因为)、owing to(因为)、on account of(因为，由于)、because of(因为)、thanks to(由于，幸亏)等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①He failed the exam because __his carelessness，and as a result，he had to spend his weekends doing extra exercises and seeking help from his teachers to catch up.
②Thanks __the development of 5G technology，we can enjoy faster and more stable network services.
③_____________ you're interested in China's classical culture，I will send a textbook and some related materials to you as soon as possible.
④既然你是京剧的忠实爱好者，我相信你不想错过亲眼观看一些技艺高超的表演者现场演出的机会。
___________________________________________, I believe that you don't want to miss the chance to witness a live performance by some of the most skilled performers.(应用文写作之邀请信)
of
to
Now that/Since
Now that/Since you are a great lover of Peking Opera
一、课文词汇
1.react to the disaster 对灾难作出反应
2.in the face of these disasters 面对这些灾难
3.be expected to 预计
4.reach 35 degrees 达到35度
5.feel a bit sick 感觉有点恶心
自然灾害
6.feel a bit scared 感觉有点害怕
7.cause forest fires 引发森林火灾
8.with a heavy heart 怀着沉重的心情
9.feel a fresh wind on one's face 感觉到一阵清风扑面而来
二、补充词汇
1.move to a safe place 转移到安全地带
2.avoid walking on banks and bridges 避免在岸边和桥上行走
3.pay attention when walking in the standing water 在积水中行走要当心
4.hide in the attic or closet 藏在顶楼或壁橱内
一、课本原句
1.Then I'll be able to survive even when the tall buildings are flooded.
那么即使高楼大厦被淹没时，我也能活下来。
2.Looking through my newspaper，I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
翻阅报纸的时候，我被一组照片震惊到了，照片显示亚洲的一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇。
3.What's more，heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides，and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.
此外，东欧的大雨引发了山体滑坡，席卷南欧的热浪引发了森林火灾。
4.Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.
专家称，这糟糕的天气源于气候变化。
二、其他表达
1.Grab a tree or a wood block if you are in water.
如果你在水里，抓住一棵树或者一块木板。
2.If necessary，use the mouth-to-mouth technique to give immediate assistance.
如果有必要的话，要实施人工呼吸进行紧急救助。
3.We should learn more self-rescue knowledge in advance.
我们应该提前学习更多的自救常识。
1.面对地震时，每个人都会觉得害怕，但是当你无路可逃时，不要藏在顶楼或者壁橱内。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————
2.专家说这样的恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的，我们每个人都需要提前学习更多的自救知识。
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————
In the face of the earthquake，everyone would feel scared.But when you have no way out，don't hide in the attic or closet.
Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change，and we all need to learn more self-rescue knowledge in advance.
(满分：59分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.I'm Li Hua，president of the Students' Union in our school.Here I have an _____________
(announce) to make.
2.(人教选必三U3)There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural _______(disaster) worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.
3.Looking _______the newspaper，I was shocked by the news of a hurricane which occurred in the area，causing widespread destruction and leaving many people homeless.
4.I was halfway there when it _______(occur) to me that I had left my notebook home，so I had to go back to fetch it.
announcement
disasters
through
occurred
5.I don't know how Mrs White will react __the news that her son has won the first place in the writing competition.
6.(译林必修三U2)Mount Vesuvius' ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past ________(erupt) that might have warned the city what was to come!
7.Mr Green picked ___some French when he was away on a business trip last year.
8.________ (compare) with current search engine，this system is more convenient and more efficient to use.
9.Despite the heavy traffic，we managed to make __to the concert just before it started.
10.You could get into a situation where you have to decide __________ (immediate)，and you need to stay calm，analyze the situation，and make the right decision.
to
eruptions
up
Compared
it
immediately
Ⅱ.完成句子(每小题3分，共9分)
1.既然天气预报说会有台风，我们最好待在室内。 (now that引导原因状语从句)
_______________________________________________,we had better stay indoors.
2.学好英语将帮助学生拓宽视野，增进他们对文化的理解。(动词-ing形式作主语)
___________________will help students to broaden their horizons and increase their cultural understanding.
3.(北师大必修二U4)通过使用智能手机、平板或电脑，你无论在家里还是在路上都能与他人保持联系。(动词-ing形式作状语)
____________________________________，you can be in contact at home and also when you are on the move.
Now that the weather forecast says there will be a typhoon
Learning English well
Using a smartphone, a tablet or a computer
Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
In December 2004，I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea，known as sea nomads (海上游牧民族).I was living with members of the Chao-Ley tribe (部落) on a small island in southern Thailand.We didn't share a language and depended on body language to communicate.
I went to the sea with them regularly.One morning，I was due to set out with a group of six fishermen in a small boat.The sea looked different，with the water totally still.
About 20 minutes after we left and a few miles out in the open sea，one of the fishermen pointed to a small white spot far in the distance.It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly.This was a tsunami wave speeding through the ocean.We were in shock.
Usually，the deeper the water，the weaker the wave.But we weren't out far enough to be safe，nor close enough to shore to make it back in time.We were stuck.I began to feel really scared.
The captain told the six of us where to sit，so we would balance the boat.My camera was in my backpack.I wanted to capture the scene，but I couldn't.Any movement would make the boat out of balance.Suddenly there was a huge noise.The wave hit the boat，but in a flash the skilled captain managed to swerve (突然转向) up and onto the wave.Then the boat moved from the tip of the wave down into safe waters.Our eyes and mouths were wide open，and everyone let out heavy sighs.The captain had saved us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how important life can be.I've been going back to Southeast Asia almost every year since.The photography project has become a thank-you to the person who saved my life.The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains “the one that got away”—I think every photographer has one.But mine changed my life.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在与六个渔民乘坐一条小船出海时遭遇了海啸，英勇的船长救了船上所有人的故事。
1.What happened before the author set out with the fishermen
A.The captain wanted to cancel the trip.
B.He noticed something unusual.
C.They saw a white spot in the distance.
D.It looked as if it was about to rain.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One morning，I was...with the water totally still.”可知，在出发前，作者注意到了一些不寻常的情况。
2.When did the author start to feel frightened
A.When fishermen on the boat felt nervous.
B.When he realized they were trapped.
C.When the boat was about to be hit.
D.When the boat shook violently.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But we weren't out far enough to be safe...We were stuck.I began to feel really scared.”可知，当作者意识到他们被困住的时候，他开始感到害怕。
3.What was the author doing when the tsunami wave hit the boat
A.Helping the captain swerve.
B.Taking a photo of the wave.
C.Trying not to move.
D.Reaching for his backpack.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The captain told the six of us where...make the boat out of balance.”可知，当海啸波浪袭击船的时候，作者尽力保持不动。
4.What did the author learn from his experience
A.We should have the courage to take risks.
B.Opportunity never knocks twice.
C.Life is too short to be wasted.
D.Sometimes regrets in life can save us.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，经历了那次与死神的邂逅，作者深刻理解了生命的重要性。虽说在经历那次灾难时，作者作为摄影师没有拍到现场的照片，但船长的英勇和他们的克制不动让他们活了下来。由此可推知，从这次经历中作者意识到有时候生活中的遗憾可以拯救我们。
B
Tropical cyclones (热带气旋)，including hurricanes and typhoons，are now moving at slower speed than they did decades ago，new research shows.
While having a cyclone travel with lower speed may seem like a good thing，it's actually just the opposite.Wind speeds within the storm remain high，but the whole system itself moves slower，allowing punishing rains to stay longer over communities.“Nothing good comes out of a slowing storm，” says James Kossin，author of the paper.“It can increase the amount of time that buildings are exposed to strong winds.And it increases rainfall.”
In his paper，Kossin showed that from 1949 to 2016，tropical cyclones across the globe slowed their movement by 10 percent on average.In some regions，the speed of those storms slowed even more as they hit land.In the western North Pacific，the decrease was much more manifest—almost a third.That means a storm that may already hold more moisture(水分)will have time to drop more of it in each spot.
Kossin's work was based on details of almost 70 years' worth of storms，but he didn't try to determine what was causing the slowdown.Still，the change is exactly what he and other cyclone experts said，which would be expected from climate change.With the polar regions warming faster than other parts of the globe，that is changing the pressure and reducing the winds that push these storms.
Christina Patricola，a scientist，called Kossin's work important and new and said she found it reliable.“I was not surprised by his findings，” she says.“But I was surprised by the slowdown.”
Kossin hopes that scientists will begin building models that show which places are likely to face the most risk.Given that storms in some regions are moving towards polar regions and already increasing in intensity (强度)，cyclones causing unusually powerful rain may threaten places not normally in their paths.Scientists must take action to make those places suffer less from the disasters.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，相比几十年前，热带气旋，包括飓风和台风的移动速度都慢了许多。
5.Why is the decrease in cyclones' speed a bad thing
A.It leads the cyclones to move faster on the ground.
B.It causes the cyclones to have higher wind speed outside.
C.It makes hard rains and strong winds last longer in one place.
D.It results in more typhoons taking place in some communities.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wind speeds within the storm...stay longer over communities.”及“It can increase the amount of time that buildings are exposed to strong winds.And it increases rainfall.”可知，气旋速度的降低是一件坏事是因为它使大雨和强风在一个地方持续更长时间。故选C。
6.What does the underlined word “manifest” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Obvious. B.Satisfying.
C.Confusing. D.Impossible.
解析　A　词义猜测题。根据上文“In some regions，the speed of those storms slowed even more as they hit land.”以及下文“almost a third”可知，在北太平洋西部，这种降低更为明显。故画线词的意思是“明显的”。故选A。
7.What does paragraph 4 suggest
A.Climate change in the polar regions is under control.
B.Scientists find it hard to understand the slower cyclones.
C.Scientists should do further experiments in polar regions.
D.Climate change may be the cause of the slowdown in the cyclones.
解析　D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“With the polar regions warming...that push these storms.”可知，随着极地地区变暖的速度比全球其他地区快，这正在改变气压状况，减弱推动气流的力量。因此气候变化可能是气旋减速的原因。故选D。
8.Why does Kossin want scientists to build models in the last paragraph
A.To find out the normal paths of serious cyclones.
B.To prove the speed of the cyclones can be controlled.
C.To reduce the damage from cyclones to possible areas.
D.To call on scientists to focus on the danger of climate change.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Kossin hopes that scientists will begin building models that show which places are likely to face the most risk.”以及“Scientists must take action to make those places suffer less from the disasters.”可知，建立模型的目的是减少气旋对可能受灾地区的破坏程度。故选C。
Ⅳ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
It was a freezing winter day when a space heater caused a fire in a high-rise apartment building.The fire was small，but it 1 huge heavy smoke.Because a broken fire door was left 2 ，it took just minutes for the entire building to become a death　 3 　for the people inside.
Before firefighters' arrival，people 4 to evacuate the smoking building.Single mother-of-two Kristin was one of the hundreds of people 5 to get out of the building.As she tried to carry her two young children down the crowded 6 from her apartment，a stranger appeared out of nowhere and asked if she needed 7 .The man is Francis，who lived on the building's top floor.He was running for his 8 and when he saw Kristin and her daughters he 9 that he couldn't just leave them there to struggle for themselves. 10 ，he picked 3-year-old Kween up and took off down the stairs quickly. 11 helped Kristin and her other child 12 it out not long after Francis and Kween got out.Kristin couldn't 13 what could have happened if Francis hadn't stopped to help.
Many people might have been so 14 by the fire that they might just care about themselves 15 danger，but this man kept his eyes open and didn't hesitate to lend a hand.
[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一栋着火的大楼上，弗朗西斯冒着生命危险帮助带着两个孩子的母亲成功脱险的故事。
1.A.experienced B.prevented
C.produced D.attracted
解析　C　根据上文“The fire was small”及下文“huge heavy smoke”并结合常识可知，浓烟是火产生(produce)的。
2.A.open B.closed
C.destructive D.alone
解析　A　根据下文“it took just minutes for the entire building to become a death for the people inside”可知，防火门开着(open)导致了浓烟的扩散，几分钟内整个大楼变成了楼里的人的死亡陷阱(trap)。
3.A.march B.game
C.blow D.trap
解析　D　参见上题解析。
4.A.attempted B.failed
C.happened D.continued
解析　A　根据上文“Before firefighters' arrival”可知，消防员还没到，楼里的人们只能试图(attempt)撤离。
5.A.struggling B.waiting
C.shouting D.refusing
解析　A　根据下文“get out of the building”可知，人们挣扎着(struggle)要逃离大楼。
6.A.corner B.room
C.windows D.stairs
解析　D　根据下文“from her apartment”及“down the stairs”可知，这个母亲带着两个孩子要下楼梯(stair)逃离大楼。
7.A.advice B.help
C.shelter D.escape
解析　B　根据上文“a stranger appeared out of nowhere and asked if she needed”及下文内容可知，陌生男子是要帮助这个母亲和两个孩子逃离，所以询问其是否需要帮助(help)。
8.A.job B.life
C.meal D.freedom
解析　B　根据上文内容及“He was running”可知，他奔跑是为了逃命(life)。
9.A.remembered B.wondered
C.realized D.feared
解析　C　根据下文“he couldn't just leave them there to struggle for themselves”可知，这是弗朗西斯的想法，他意识到(realize)应该帮助她们脱险。
10.A.However B.Therefore
C.Anyhow D.Besides
解析　B　根据上文“he couldn't just leave them there to struggle for themselves”可知，他不能丢下她们独自搏命，因此(therefore)，他要帮助她们。
11.A.Policemen B.Soldiers
C.Officials D.Firefighters
解析　D　根据上文“Before firefighters' arrival”及生活常识可知，大楼里面着火，应为消防员(firefighter)上楼救人。
12.A.work B.check
C.stick D.make
解析　A　根据上文“helped Kristin and her other child”及下文“not long after Francis and Kween got out”可知，在消防员的帮助下，克里斯汀和她的另一个孩子成功逃离着火的大楼。work out意为“成功脱险”。
13.A.imagine B.sense
C.express D.bear
解析　A　根据下文“what could have happened”可知，这不是事实情况，而是克里斯汀的想象(imagine)。
14.A.excited B.frightened
C.annoyed D.confused
解析　B　根据上文内容及下文by the fire可知，人们惧怕(frightened)火灾。
15.A.in place of B.in spite of
C.in case of D.in face of
解析　D　根据上文“they might just care about themselves”及下文danger可知，人们在面对(in face of)危险的时候，可能会只顾自己。

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