Unit 7 Space exploration 单元知识点梳理 沪教版新教材英语八年级下册

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Unit 7 Space exploration 单元知识点梳理 沪教版新教材英语八年级下册

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Unit 7 Space exploration 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. space /spe s/ n. 太空;空间(短语:space exploration 太空探索;in space 在太空)
2. explore / k spl (r)/ v. 探索;探究(名词:exploration;短语:explore the universe 探索宇宙)
3. exploration / ekspl re n/ n. 探索;探测(核心短语:space exploration 太空探索)
4. universe / ju n v s/ n. 宇宙(短语:the whole universe 整个宇宙)
5. galaxy / ɡ l ksi/ n. 星系;银河系(复数:galaxies;the Milky Way galaxy 银河系)
6. star /stɑ (r)/ n. 星星;恒星
7. planet / pl n t/ n. 行星(短语:solar planets 太阳系行星)
8. earth / θ/ n. 地球(the Earth 地球,专有名词加定冠词)
9. moon /mu n/ n. 月球;月亮(the Moon 月球,专有名词加定冠词)
10. sun /s n/ n. 太阳(the Sun 太阳,专有名词加定冠词)
11. astronaut / str n t/ n. 宇航员;航天员(短语:a space astronaut 太空宇航员)
12. spacecraft / spe skrɑ ft/ n. 航天器;宇宙飞船(单复数同形)
13. rocket / r k t/ n. 火箭(短语:rocket launch 火箭发射)
14. launch /l nt / v.&n. 发射;发起(短语:launch a rocket 发射火箭)
15. orbit / b t/ n. 轨道 v. 绕……运行(短语:in orbit 在轨道上;orbit the Earth 绕地球运行)
16. travel / tr vl/ v.&n. 旅行;航行(短语:space travel 太空旅行)
17. discover /d sk v (r)/ v. 发现;发觉(名词:discovery;短语:discover new planets 发现新行星)
18. know /n / v. 知道;了解(过去式/过去分词:knew/known;短语:know about space 了解太空)
19. believe /b li v/ v. 相信;认为(短语:believe in 相信;believe that... 认为……)
20. think /θ k/ v. 认为;想(过去式/过去分词:thought/thought;短语:think about 思考)
21. wonder / w nd (r)/ v. 想知道;疑惑 n. 奇迹(短语:wonder about 想知道)
22. find /fa nd/ v. 找到;发现(过去式/过去分词:found/found;短语:find out 查明,弄清)
23. information / nf me n/ n. 信息;资料(不可数名词)
24. technology /tek n l d i/ n. 技术;科技(形容词:technological;space technology 太空科技)
25. develop /d vel p/ v. 发展;研发(短语:develop space technology 研发太空科技)
26. succeed /s k si d/ v. 成功(短语:succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事)
27. difficult / d f k lt/ adj. 困难的(名词:difficulty;it’s difficult to do sth. 做某事很难)
28. dangerous / de nd r s/ adj. 危险的(名词:danger;in dangerous situation 在危险的情况下)
29. brave /bre v/ adj. 勇敢的(副词:bravely;名词:bravery;brave astronauts 勇敢的宇航员)
30. future / fju t (r)/ n. 未来;将来(短语:in the future 在未来;future life 未来生活)
二、重点短语
1. Space exploration 太空探索
2. in space 在太空
3. explore the universe 探索宇宙
4. the Milky Way galaxy 银河系
5. solar system 太阳系
6. space travel 太空旅行
7. a space astronaut 太空宇航员
8. launch a rocket 发射火箭
9. spacecraft launch 航天器发射
10. in orbit 在轨道上
11. orbit the Earth 绕地球运行
12. land on the moon 登上月球
13. know about space 了解太空
14. find out 查明;弄清
15. space technology 太空科技
16. develop space technology 研发太空科技
17. make a discovery 做出发现
18. believe in 相信;信任
19. think about 思考;考虑
20. wonder about 想知道
21. ask a question 提出问题
22. search for 寻找;搜寻
23. life on other planets 其他行星上的生命
24. in the future 在未来
25. the secret of space 太空的奥秘
三、重点句型
1. —What do you know about space exploration
—I know that China has launched many spacecraft to explore space.
(—你对太空探索了解多少?—我知道中国已经发射了许多航天器探索太空。)(宾语从句)
2. We all believe that astronauts are the bravest people in the world.
(我们都认为宇航员是世界上最勇敢的人。)(宾语从句)
3. I wonder if there is life on other planets in the universe.
(我想知道宇宙中其他行星上是否有生命。)(宾语从句)
4. Can you tell me how scientists launch a rocket into space
(你能告诉我科学家们如何把火箭发射到太空吗?)(宾语从句)
5. China has developed great space technology and succeeded in landing on the moon.
(中国研发出了先进的太空科技,并成功实现了登月。)
6. Astronauts need to be brave because space travel is very dangerous.
(宇航员需要勇敢,因为太空旅行非常危险。)
7. We want to find out what the Milky Way galaxy looks like.
(我们想弄清银河系是什么样子的。)(宾语从句)
8. It’s difficult for humans to explore the whole universe, but we never give up.
(人类探索整个宇宙很难,但我们从未放弃。)
9. People all over the world are interested in the secret of space.
(全世界的人都对太空的奥秘感兴趣。)
10. I hope that I can become an astronaut and travel in space in the future.
(我希望未来我能成为一名宇航员,去太空旅行。)(宾语从句)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. space & sky
词汇 含义与范围 核心搭配 例句
space 指“太空、宇宙空间”,地球大气层以外的区域,无定冠词 in space, space exploration, space travel Astronauts work and live in space for a long time.(宇航员在太空长期工作和生活。)
sky 指“天空、天穹”,地球大气层以内的区域,可加the in the sky, blue sky, fly in the sky There are many stars in the night sky.(夜空中有许多星星。)
2. discover & invent
词汇 含义侧重 适用对象 例句
discover 强调“发现”,指找到原本就存在但未被人知晓的事物 行星、星系、规律等 Scientists discovered a new planet in the solar system last year.(科学家去年在太阳系发现了一颗新行星。)
invent 强调“发明”,指创造出原本不存在的新事物 工具、科技、产品等 Humans invented rockets to travel into space.(人类发明火箭来进行太空旅行。)
3. find & find out
词汇 含义与用法 核心场景 例句
find 强调“找到、发现”,侧重动作的结果,后接具体事物 找到人/物/地点 I found a book about space exploration in the library.(我在图书馆找到了一本关于太空探索的书。)
find out 强调“查明、弄清”,侧重通过努力得知真相/答案,后接抽象内容 查明事实/真相/答案 We need to find out how the spacecraft works.(我们需要弄清航天器是如何工作的。)
4. travel & trip & journey
词汇 含义与特点 搭配场景 例句
travel 泛指“旅行、航行”,可作动词/名词,无具体目的地,常指远距离旅行 space travel, travel around the world Space travel is the dream of many people.(太空旅行是很多人的梦想。)
trip 指“短途旅行、出行”,名词,侧重往返的短途行程 a school trip, a day trip We had a school trip to the space museum.(我们去太空博物馆进行了一次学校旅行。)
journey 指“长途旅行、旅程”,名词,侧重陆地上的长途行程,也可指抽象的旅程 a long journey, the journey of space exploration The journey of space exploration is full of difficulties.(太空探索的旅程充满了困难。)
5. believe & believe in
词汇 含义侧重 搭配对象 例句
believe 指“相信、认为”,后接从句或名词,侧重相信某件事的真实性 believe sb./believe that... I believe that we can explore more of the universe in the future.(我相信未来我们能探索更多的宇宙。)
believe in 指“相信、信任”,后接人/事物/理念,侧重认可其价值或能力 believe in sb./believe in sth. We all believe in Chinese space technology.(我们都相信中国的太空科技。)
五、重点语法
宾语从句(陈述语序)
本单元核心语法,聚焦由that/if/whether/特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,核心规则为从句必须用陈述语序(主语+谓语),贴合“太空探索的疑问与认知”单元话题,掌握基础引导词和语序规则。
1. 基本概念
- 宾语从句:在句中作及物动词/介词/形容词的宾语,由连接词引导,紧跟在主句谓语动词后。
- 核心规则:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须用陈述语序(即“主语在前,谓语在后”,不能用疑问语序)。
- 常见引导词:that / if/whether / what/who/where/when/how/why。
2. 不同引导词的宾语从句(教材核心考点)
(1)that引导的宾语从句
- 适用:主句谓语为know, believe, think, hope, say等,从句是陈述句,表达确定的事实。
- 特点:that无实际含义,在口语/非正式文体中可省略。
- 例句:
I know (that) China has great space technology.(我知道中国有先进的太空科技。)
She believes (that) she can be an astronaut.(她相信自己能成为一名宇航员。)
(2)if/whether引导的宾语从句
- 适用:主句谓语为wonder, ask, want to know等,从句是一般疑问句,表达“是否”的疑问。
- 特点:if/whether均表“是否”,不可省略;两者可互换,仅在与or not连用是用whether。
- 例句:
I wonder if there is life on Mars.(我想知道火星上是否有生命。)
He asks whether we will visit the space museum.(他问我们是否会去参观太空博物馆。)
(3)特殊疑问词(what/who/how/where/when)引导的宾语从句
- 适用:主句谓语为know, wonder, find out, tell等,从句是特殊疑问句,表达具体的疑问。
- 特点:疑问词有实际含义,不可省略;必须将疑问语序改为陈述语序(重点考点)。
- 例句:
原句:How do astronauts live in space
宾语从句:I want to know how astronauts live in space.(我想知道宇航员如何在太空生活。)
原句:What is a spacecraft made of
宾语从句:Can you tell me what a spacecraft is made of (你能告诉我航天器是由什么制成的吗?)
3. 核心注意事项(贴合教材要求,不超纲)
1. 语序绝对核心:特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,一定要把助动词/系动词还原到主语后,用陈述语序,这是本单元必考易错点。
错误:I wonder where is the moon.
正确:I wonder where the moon is.
2. 时态呼应:本单元以主句一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用相应时态为主(贴合太空探索的事实描述),暂不涉及复杂时态变化。
例:We know that the Earth goes around the Sun.(客观事实用一般现在时)
例:I hear that China will launch a new rocket next year.(将来的事用一般将来时)
3. 宾语从句的标点:由主句决定,主句是陈述句用句号,主句是疑问句用问号。
例:He asks when we will learn about space exploration.(主句陈述句,用句号)
例:Do you know what a galaxy is (主句疑问句,用问号)
4. 即时练(教材语境)
将下列句子改为宾语从句,注意语序:
1. What is space exploration We want to know.
2. Does the Mars have water I wonder.
3. How do rockets fly into space Can you tell me
(答案:1. We want to know what space exploration is. 2. I wonder if the Mars has water. 3. Can you tell me how rockets fly into space )
六、写作指导(太空探索介绍/梦想类短文)
1. 核心写作结构(贴合单元写作任务:写一篇介绍太空探索的短文,或写一篇关于“我的太空梦想”的作文)
部分 内容要点 单元常用表达
开头 点明主题,引出太空探索的话题/表达自己的太空梦想,简单铺垫背景 Space exploration is one of the greatest dreams of humans. With the development of technology, we have explored more and more about the universe. / My biggest dream is to become an astronaut and explore space in the future.
主体 分2-3点展开: ① 太空探索的成就(如火箭发射、登月、航天器探索); ② 太空探索的困难与意义; ③ 自己的太空梦想(如成为宇航员的原因、要做的努力) China has made great achievements in space exploration. We have launched many spacecraft and landed on the moon. Space exploration is difficult and dangerous, but it helps us find out the secret of the universe. To be an astronaut, I need to study hard and keep healthy.
结尾 总结观点,表达对太空探索的期待/坚定自己的梦想,升华主题 I believe that humans will explore more of the universe in the future. Space exploration will make our world better. / I will work hard for my dream. I hope I can fly into space and see the beautiful Earth one day.
2. 范文示例
Space Exploration—Human’s Great Dream
Space exploration is the greatest dream of humans for thousands of years. It is a journey to find out the secret of the universe, and with the development of space technology, we have made many great achievements in this field.
We all know that the solar system has eight planets, and the Earth is one of them. Scientists have launched many rockets and spacecraft to explore space. For example, China has successfully launched Shenzhou spacecraft and landed on the moon. Astronauts work bravely in space. They live in the space station and do many scientific experiments. We also know that space travel is very dangerous and difficult. Astronauts need to face many challenges, but they never give up. Space exploration not only helps us know more about the universe, but also makes our technology better and better.
I wonder if there is life on other planets, and I believe that humans will find the answer one day. The universe is big and mysterious, and the journey of space exploration is still going on. I think space exploration is very meaningful. It lets us open our eyes and see a bigger world. I hope that more and more people will be interested in space exploration, and we will explore more of the universe together in the future.

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