资源简介

(共16张PPT)
Unit 1 Time to Relax
Section A How do you spend your free time
(4a-4c)
Learning Objectives
1. identify infinitives as objective complements and adverbials.
2. use infinitives to show purpose or provide more information
about a sentence as an object.
In this lesson you will:
Look and Answer
Why do the students run
The students run
____________________.
Why did these people get up early
They got up early __________________.
to catch the school bus
to watch the sunrise
What does the teacher ask the boy to do
The teacher asks the boy ___________________.
to answer the question
What does the coach tell the players
The coach tells the players ___________ (practice) daily.
to practice
Think and Compare
All the above sentences include infinitives (to+verb be). How do their functions differ
The students run to catch the school bus.
The people got up early to watch the sunrise.
在这两句话中，主语The students和The people是动作的执行者，不定式（to catch和to watch）用来说明谓语动词（run和got up）发生的目的，作目的状语。
(adverbial of purpose)
The teacher asks the boy to answer the question.
The coach tells the players to practice daily.
在这两句话中，宾语the boy和the players是动作的执行者，不定式（to answer和to practice）对宾语起到了补充说明的作用，是宾语补足语。
(object complement)
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
在I saw my mother paint. 这句话中，paint是不带to的不定式，作宾语补足语。
4a
adverbial
object complement
不定式作宾语补足语
在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语补足语通常位于宾语之后。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。例如：
My father encourages me to play the guitar.
The manager asked him to wait.
The teacher tells the students not to cheat in the exam.
They often tell me not to get close to strangers.
宾语是动作的执行者
当不定式作宾语补足语时，分带to的不定式作宾补和不带to的不定式作宾语两种情况。
常见的用带to的不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：ask, advice, allow, encourage, get, order, require, teach, tell, want, wish, expect, warn, permit, force等。
常见的用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词（短语）有：“一感”feel；“二听”hear, listen to；“三使”let, have, make；“五看”see, watch, notice, observe, look at; “半帮助”help接不定式作宾补，加不加to都可以。
Examples
I felt the ground shake during the earthquake.
Listen to the birds sing.
The joke made everyone laugh.
Did you see him leave the office
Can you help me (to) carry this box
不定式作状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词、介词短语、不定式、从句或相当于副词的词或短语来担任。不定式作状语时，多至于句末。但为了加强语气，突出表示目的，不定式（尤其是不定式短语in order to）可放在句首。例如：
(In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study harder.
To catch the early bus, I got up very early this morning.
I went to the library to borrow some books.
She studies hard to get good grades.
不定式的动作执行者是句子的主语
如何区分不定式作宾补还是状语？
成分 作用 句子逻辑 例句
宾补
状语
补充说明宾语的动作/状态
说明谓语动词的目的
主语让/叫/要求宾语做某事
主语做某事是为了达成某个目标
He asked me to open the door.
He stood up to open the door.
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me ________ (decide)
to try skiing.
B: You're welcome. Try __________ (forget) your fears and
have fun!
2. A: My cousin often asks me ________ (fly) kites with her
when it's windy.
B: That sounds fun! I'd love to watch you _______ (fly)
kites sometime.
decide
to forget
to fly
fly
4b
3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies _________ (relax).
B: Really When I want _________ (relax), I watch
animal videos.
4. A: My parents told me __________ (not push) myself too
hard.
B: Yes, it's important ___________ (not forget) to relax
once in a while.
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _______ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided __________ after that.
to play
not to come
4c
He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likes _______ at home and _______ movies, _______ to music, and chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us _______ more time together as a family. So, now they let us _______ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
to stay
watch
listen
to spend
do

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