资源简介

(共108张PPT)
主题语境：人与社会——冲突与妥协
Story A　Death of a Village
Do Chuc is a 48-year-old Vietnamese① farmer whose two daughters and aunt were killed by American soldiers② in My Lai that day.He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered③ all civilians④ out of their homes.[1]Together with other villagers，they were marched⑤ a few hundred metres into the village square where they were told to sit.“Still we had no reason to be afraid，”Chuc remembered.“Everyone was calm.We'd seen it all before.”Then he watched in surprise⑥ as the soldiers set up a machine gun⑦.The calm ended and panic⑧ set in.The people began
weeping⑨ and praying⑩.One man showed his identification papers to a soldier，but the American simply said，“Sorry.”Then the shooting started.Chuc was wounded in the leg and almost unconscious，but he was covered by a pile of dead bodies and thus，his life was saved.After waiting an hour，he fled the village.(Adapted from My Lai 4 by Seymour Hersh)
【原文呈现】
【词汇积累】
①Vietnamese n.越南人adj.越南语的；越南人的
②soldier/'s ld /n.士兵，军人
③order v.命令；订货；点(酒菜等)n.顺序；次序
in order/out of order 有条理的/无条理的
④civilian/s 'v lj n/n.平民，老百姓
⑤march v.前进，齐步走，行进
⑥in surprise惊奇地，惊讶地
⑦machine gun机关枪
⑧panic/'p n k/n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
⑨weep/wi p/vi.& vt.哭泣，流(泪)
⑩pray/pre /vi.& vt.祈求；祈祷
pray to be forgiven祈求宽恕
identification/a dent f 'ke n/n.身份证明(文件)
identify vt.确认；认出；找到
be wounded in 在……中受伤；……(部位)受伤
pile/pa l/n.一大堆
a pile of/piles of一堆；很多
flee/fli /vi.&vt.逃离，逃走
flee from从……中逃离
Story B　No More Fighting
We were on the frontier and on Christmas morning we stuck up a board displaying “A Merry Christmas”on it.The enemy had stuck up a similar one.Two of our men then threw their equipment off and climbed out of the trench [2]with their hands above their heads as our representatives .Two of the Germans did the same.They greeted each other and shook hands .Then we all got out of the trench.Bill (our officer) tried to prevent it but it was too late，so he and the other officers climbed out，too.We，and the Germans，walked through the mud and met in the middle of no-man's land.
frontier/'fr nt /n.国界，边境
on the frontier在前线
stick up竖起
display/d 'sple /vt.展示，陈列
throw...off摆脱(习惯，拘束等)；抛弃；脱掉(衣服)
representative/ repr 'zent t v/n.代表，代理人
greet/ɡri t/vt.问候，迎接，招呼
shake hands握手
prevent vt.阻止；防止
prevent/ban/prohibit/stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
[2]此处是with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。
We spent all day with one another .Some of them could speak English.By the look of them，their trenches were in as bad a state as our own.One of their men，speaking in English，said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.We told him [3]he wasn't the only one who was fed up with it.The German officer asked Bill if we would like some beer and they brought it over to us.Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot.The officers came to an understanding that we would celebrate Christmas in temporary peace until midnight.
one another互相；彼此
be fed up with...厌倦……
feel a bit fed up感觉有点厌烦
distribute /d 'str bju t/ vt.分发，分配，分送
distribute sth to sb把某物分发给某人
consume vt.吃；喝；消费；消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)
be consumed with被某种情感占据
consumption n.消费，消耗
temporary/'temp r ri/adj.暂时的，临时的；短期的
a temporary measure/solution临时措施/解决方法
[3]此处是省略that的宾语从句，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only one。
Just before midnight，we all decided not to start firing before they did.We'd formed a bond and during the whole of Boxing Day，we never fired a shot and they the same；each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling.One of their men shouted across in English and asked how we had enjoyed the beer.We replied that we were very grateful and spent the whole day chatting with them.That evening we were replaced by other soldiers.(Adapted from Old Soldiers Never Die by Frank Richards)
fire v.开枪；射击；开火n.火；失火，火灾
seem to be doing...似乎正在做……
seem to do...似乎……
It seems that...好像是……
be replaced by被取代；被代替
Story C　Brave Patient
I got a phone call from the chief nurse，[4]saying，“You've got a patient there who is going to get an award.Make sure that the ward looks good.”This really turned me off to begin with，“Let's clean up the ward because we've got VIPs coming in.”Well，the VIPs happened to be a general and a group of about a dozen people.It was this patient's second visit to us and this time he'd had both his legs blown off—he was all of about 20 years old.When he was waking up after the surgeon had finished，he whispered，“Don't you remember me，ma'am？”I said，“Oh yeah！”But really I didn't because there were so many of them.The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20，000 to come through this hospital.They had this little ceremony ，
[5]where they presented him with a Purple Heart and a watch.As the general handed him the watch，“from the army，to show our appreciation ，” the kid more or less threw the watch back at him.He said something like，“I can't accept this，sir；it's not going to help me walk.”After this little incident ，I went over and took him in my arms.If I remember correctly，I started sobbing and I think he was crying，too.I really admired him for that.That was the only time I let somebody see what I felt.It took a lot for him to do that，and it sort of said what this war was all about to me.(Adapted from A Piece of My Heart by Keith Walker)
ward/w d/n.病房
children's ward儿科病房
dozen/'d z n/num.一打
dozens of很多，许多
ceremony/'ser m ni/n.仪式，典礼
an awards/opening ceremony颁奖/开幕仪式
appreciation/ pri i'e n/n.感激
in appreciation of感激；欣赏
incident/' ns d nt/n.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
[4]此处是动词-ing形式作状语。
[5]此处是where引导的非限制性定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
【参考译文】
故事A　一个村庄的死亡
杜沙是一名48岁的越南农民，他的两个女儿和姑妈那一天在美莱村被美国士兵杀害了。杜沙和他的家人正在吃早餐，这时美国士兵进村了，命令所有村民从家里出来。他们和其他村民一起，被带到几百米外的村里的广场上，然后被要求坐下。“我们没觉得这有什么可怕的，”杜沙回忆道，“大家都很平静，我们之前也见过这样的场面。”但他惊讶地发现士兵们竟架起了机关枪。平静结束，恐慌开始了。人们开始哭泣、祈求。一名男子向士兵出示了他的身份证件，但那个美国人只是简单地说了声“对不起”。然后，扫射开始了。杜沙的腿受了伤，几乎不省人事，但他被一堆死尸覆盖，幸存下来。等了一个小时后，他逃离了村子。
(改编自西摩·赫什的《美莱村四小时》)
故事B　不再战斗
那时我们在前线，在圣诞节的早上我们竖起一块牌子，上面显示出“圣诞快乐”的字样。敌人也竖起了一块类似的牌子。然后，我们的两名士兵脱下装备，爬出战壕，双手举过头顶，作为我方代表。两名德国士兵也这样做了。他们互相打招呼并握手，然后我们所有人都走出了战壕。比尔(我们的军官)试图阻止这一切，但为时已晚，因此他和其他军官也都爬了出来。我们和德国人穿过泥泞，在无人地带中间相聚。
我们一起待了一整天。他们中有些人会说英语。从他们的外表可以看出，他们的战壕和我们自己的一样糟糕。他们中的一个人用英语说，他在英国工作过几年，受够了这场战争，如果战争结束，他会很高兴。我们跟他说我们同样也受够了这场战争。德国军官问比尔要不要来点儿啤酒，他们拿过来送给我们。比尔把啤酒分给我们，我们喝了很多。双方军官达成了午夜之前我们将暂时和平地庆祝圣诞节的共识。
临近午夜，我们都决定不在对方开枪之前先开枪。我们建立了一种默契，整个节礼日，我们都没有开过一枪，他们也一样；双方似乎都在等对方先开火。他们中一个人用英语大喊着，问我们喝的啤酒怎么样，我们回答说非常感谢他们的啤酒，接下来一整天双方都在聊天。那天晚上，我们被其他士兵替换下来了。
(改编自弗兰克·理查兹的《老兵永生》)
故事C　勇敢的病人
我接到护士长的电话，她说:“你那儿有个病人要得奖了，务必确保病房看上去不错。”这一开始就让我很反感，“我们打扫病房吧，因为有贵宾要来。”嗯，贵宾们碰巧是一位将军和一个由大约十二个人组成的团体。这是这位病人第二次来到我们这里，而这次他的双腿都被炸没了——他也就才二十几岁。在外科医生完成手术后他苏醒过来，小声说:“你不记得我了吗，女士？”我说:“哦，当然记得你！”但其实我对他没有印象，因为来这里的伤员太多了。将军是来给他颁奖的，因为他正好是这家医院的第2万个病人。他们举行了一个小小的仪式，给他颁发了一枚紫心勋章和一块手表。当将军把那块“来自军队，表达我们的感谢”的表递给他时，那个孩子几乎
是把表扔了回去。他说了几句话，大概意思是“长官，我不能要这块表，因为它不能帮我走路。”在这件小事之后，我走过去把他搂在怀里。如果我没记错的话，我哭了，我想他应该也哭了。我真的很佩服他能那样做。那是我唯一一次流露出了自己的真实感受。他那么做是很需要勇气的，这多少也反映了我对这场战争的看法。
(改编自凯斯·沃克的《心之彼方》)
1.What does the passage mainly tell us
A.Different war memories of different people.
B.Terrible scenes of different wars.
C.Cruelty of the wars in the world.
D.Ordinary people's desire for peace.
答案　A
2.Choose a best title for each story.
①Brave Patient
②No More Fighting
③Death of a Village
Story A:___　Story B:____　Story C:___
③
②
①
Read Story A and answer the following questions.
1.What was the villagers' feeling when they were marched into the square
A.They were afraid.
B.They were calm.
C.They were panicked.
D.They began to weep.
答案　B
2.How did Do Chuc survive the war
A.He fled the village before the American soldiers entered the village.
B.He was unconscious and was saved by other villagers.
C.He was lucky enough to be covered by many dead bodies.
D.He was spared by the American soldiers.
答案　C
Read Story B and answer the following question.
3.Both of the troops were fed up with the war，so what did they do
A.They gave up the war.
B.They got together to celebrate Christmas.
C.They didn't fire a shot any more after Boxing Day.
D.They made friends with each other.
答案　B
Read Story C and answer the following questions.
4.Why was the nurse not enthusiastic about the award ceremony from the start
A.Because she had to clean up the ward.
B.Because she didn't like the chief nurse's attitude to the VIPs.
C.Because the patient had been badly wounded.
D.Because the patient started to cry.
答案　A
5.Why did the soldier throw the watch back at the general
A.Because he didn't like the style of the watch.
B.Because he thought the watch was too expensive.
C.Because he thought the watch couldn't replace his legs.
D.Because he thought other soldiers would deserve the watch more.
答案　C
6.Why did the nurse begin sobbing
A.Because she admired the soldier and was moved by him.
B.Because she felt sorry that she couldn't save the soldier's legs.
C.Because two soldiers died in the hospital.
D.Because the war was cruel.
答案　A
1.One of their men，speaking in English，said that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.
[句式分析]　此句中动词-ing形式短语speaking in English作_________，第一个and连接两个并列的that引导的____从句。
[自主翻译]　____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
方式状语
宾语
他们中的一个人用英语说，他在英国工作过几年，受够了这场战争，
如果战争结束，他会很高兴。
2.It was this patient's second visit to us and this time he'd had both his legs blown off—he was all of about 20 years old.
[句式分析]　此句是由and连接的_____句，第二个分句中的he'd had both his legs blown off是“______________________”结构。
[自主翻译]　______________________________________________________________
___________________________________
have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
这是这位病人第二次来到我们这里，而这次他的双腿都被炸没了——他
也就才二十几岁。
并列
The whole passage is made 1.___ of three different stories，which mainly tell different war memories of different people.
The first one tells a story of Do Chuc，a 48-year-old Vietnamese farmer 2._____ two daughters and aunt were killed by American soldiers.He was wounded in 3.___ leg，but fortunately he was covered by a pile of dead bodies.He was saved and 4.____ (flee) the village.
up
whose
the
fled
The second story took place during the Christmas.After a long time of battle，the soldiers of both sides were fed 5.___ to the neck with the war，so the officers came to an 6.____________ (understand) that they would celebrate Christmas in temporary peace until midnight.They greeted each other，shook hands and shared some beer as if they had been a group of old friends.
The third story happened in a hospital.A young soldier had both his legs 7._______ (blow) off.Being number 20，000 to come through the hospital，he 8.____________ (award) a Purple Heart and a watch，but he refused to accept the watch，which won him the 9._________ (admire) of the nurse.According to their stories，we are deeply impressed with the cruelty of the war and we should cherish our 10.________ (peace) life more.
up
understanding
blown
was awarded
admiration
peaceful
Ⅰ.阅读词汇
1.trench n.　　　　　 ___________
2.flee vi.&vt. ___________
3.weep vi.&vt. ____________
4.pile n. _______
5.ward n. _____
6.surgeon n. _________
7.ceremony n. ___________
战壕，堑壕
逃离，逃走
哭泣，流(泪)
一大堆
病房
外科医生
仪式，典礼
Ⅱ.核心词汇
1._______ adv. 激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地
2._______ n. 士兵，军人
3._____ n. 炸弹
4._______ n. 将军，上将
5._______ n. 国界，边境
6.______ n. 国界，边界；边境地区
violently
soldier
bomb
general
frontier
border
7._____ n. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
8._____ vi.& vt. 祈求；祈祷
9.______ vt. 展示，陈列
10._________ adj. 暂时的，临时的；短期的
11.________ n. 子夜，午夜
12.______ num. 一打
13._______ n. (尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
panic
pray
display
temporary
midnight
dozen
incident
Ⅲ.拓展词汇
1.________ vi.& vt.(使)退出(活动、组织等)→withdrawal n.收回；撤退；取款；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
2.______ adv.坚定地，坚决地→firm adj.坚定的，坚决的；强有力的
3.______ n.谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪→murderer n.杀人凶手；杀人犯
4._______ n.平民，老百姓→civil adj.平民的；民事的
5.____________ n.身份证明(文件)→identify vt.确认，认出，鉴定→identity n.身份，本身
6.____________ n.代表，代理人→represent vt.代表；象征；描绘
withdraw
firmly
murder
civilian
identification
representative
7._____ vt.问候，迎接，招呼→greeting n.问候，迎接
8.____ n.泥，烂泥→muddy adj.泥泞的，多泥的
9.________ vt.分发，分配，分送→distribution n.分配，分布→distributor n.经销商，分销商
10.___________ n.感激→appreciate vt.感激；欣赏；意识到→appreciative adj.感激的；欣赏的
greet
mud
distribute
appreciation
Ⅳ.核心短语
1.____________ 　 对……厌倦
2. ____________ 　 转折点
3. ____________ 　 对……生气
4. _________ 　 惊奇地，惊讶地
5. __________ 　 提出
6. ________ 　 苏醒；醒来
7. ___________ 　 几乎；差不多
8. _________ 　 回应
9. ___________ 　 大屠杀
10. _________ 　 因此
be fed up with
a turning point
be angry with
in surprise
put forward
wake up
more or less
respond to
mass murder
as a result
11.come to an understanding 　 ________
12.identification papers 　 ________
13.stick up 　 ____
14.in the wild 　 ______
e to one's mind 　 __________
16.a machine gun 　 ___________
17.a pile of 　 ____
18.shout across 　 ___________
19.sort of 　 _________________
20.set the ball rolling 　 _______________
达成共识
身份证件
竖起
在野外
使某人想起
一把机关枪
一堆
喧闹；大喊
稍稍；到某种程度
使某种活动开始
Ⅴ.经典句式
1.even though/if引导让步状语从句
Daisy thought Cathy had reported her to the teacher，__________ Cathy had not.
黛西认为凯西向老师打她的小报告，尽管凯西没有。
2.“happen to do...”意为“碰巧做……”
Well，the VIPs _____________ a general and a group of about a dozen people.
嗯，贵宾们碰巧是一位将军和一个由大约十二个人组成的团体。
even though
happened to be
词汇精研
(1)get into a panic　　　　 陷入恐慌
in (a) panic 惊慌失措地
(2)panic over/about/at... 因……而恐慌
panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事
1.panic n.惊恐，惶恐，惊慌v.(panicked，panicked，panicking)(使)恐慌，(使)惊慌失措
[佳句背诵]　Having promised that we would get there before five，I was seized with panic when the car broke down.(读后续写之情感描写)
因为承诺了五点之前我们一定到那儿，所以当车抛锚的时候，我非常慌张。
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The protests became more violent and many people _____________ (panic) into leaving the country.
②The situation panicked him _____ dealing with all his affairs immediately.
③暴风雨来袭时，徒步者们发现小径被积雪覆盖，顿时陷入了恐慌。
As the storm hit，_____________________ when they realized the trail had been covered with snow.
were panicked
into
the hikers got into a panic
2.pray vi.& vt.祈求；祈祷
[佳句背诵]　She closed her eyes and prayed silently，hoping the lost puppy would return safely.(读后续写之心理描写)
她闭上眼睛默默祈祷，希望走失的小狗能平安归来。
(1)pray to sb/sth for sb/sth 为某人/某物向某人/某物祈祷/祷告
(2)pray to do sth 祈祷做某事
pray that... 祈祷……
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Despite his guilt，he still prayed ____________ (forgive) with all his heart.
②Under the starry sky，the children prayed ___ their grandmother's health with clasped hands.
③医生竭尽全力为她治疗，我们祈祷她能从病中康复。
The doctors did their best to treat her，and we ______________________________________.
to be forgiven
for
prayed that she would recover from her illness
3.identification n.身份证明(文件)；确认鉴定，辨认(identify vt.确认，认出，鉴定→identity n.身份，本身)
[佳句背诵]　Applicants must submit valid identification to register for the competition.(应用文写作之通知)
申请者必须提交有效证件以注册参加比赛。
(1)identify with sb/sth 理解/认同某人/某事
identify...as 显示；说明身份
(2)identity card 身份证(缩写为ID)
one's real/true identity 某人的真实身份
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The teacher immediately identified him ___ the most promising student in class.
②His ___________ (identify) as a war veteran moved the audience in the storytelling competition.
③她只愿扮演自己认同的人物角色。
She would only play a role if she could ______________________.
as
identification
identify with the character
4.representative n.代表，代理人adj.有代表性的；典型的(represent v.代表；象征；展示，描绘→representation n.代表；描述，陈述)
[佳句背诵]　As elected representatives of this community，we have both the privilege and the responsibility to amplify voices that are too often unheard.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
作为本社区的民选代表，我们既有殊荣也有责任去放大那些常被忽视的声音。
(1)be representative of... 代表……的；是……的代表
(2)represent sb/sth as/to be... 宣称某人为……；把某事叙述为……
represent sth to sb 向某人说明/传达某事
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/一句多译
①As a ____________ (represent) of the village，he fought for better medical resources.
②His words，though simple，were representative ___ the team's common goal.
③She represented the problem ___ him，hoping to find a solution together.
④我很高兴代表我们学校向大家介绍一下这里的体育课是如何组织的。(应用文写作之发言稿)
→____________________，I'm glad to tell you something about how PE classes are organised here.(represent)
→____________________，I'm glad to tell you something about how PE classes are organised here.(behalf)
[名师点津]　 表达“代表”的短语还有stand for，on behalf of sb，on one's behalf等。
representative
of
to
Representing our school
On behalf of our school
5.distribute vt.分发，分配，分送(distribution n.分配，分布→distributor n.经销商，分销商)
[教材原句]　Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed a lot.
比尔把啤酒分给我们，我们喝了很多。
(1)distribute sth to...　 把某物分给……
distribute sth among... 在……中分配/分发某物
(2)the distribution of this species 该物种的分布情况
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①They will hold a meeting to discuss the __________ (distribute) of aid supplies.
②All the workers are satisfied with the bonus __________ (distribute) fairly.
③当琼斯女士正在给孩子们分发糖果时，一个男孩突然哭了起来。
Ms Jones ______________________________________ when a boy burst out crying.
distribution
distributed
was distributing the sweets among the children
6.appreciation n.感激；欣赏；理解(appreciate v.感激；欣赏；意识到→appreciative adj.欣赏的，感谢的)
[教材原句]　As the general handed him the watch，“from the army，to show our appreciation，”the kid more or less threw the watch back at him.
当将军把那块“来自军队，表达我们的感谢”的表递给他时，那个孩子几乎是把表扔了回去。
(1)in appreciation of　　 感激；欣赏
(2)appreciate doing... 感激/欣赏做……
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I appreciate __________ (give) the opportunity to take part in the English competition，as it has provided me with a valuable platform to showcase my language skills.
②We presented flowers to our coach in __________ (appreciate) of his guidance throughout the basketball season.
③如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信)
_________________ if you could take my application into consideration.
being given
appreciation
I would appreciate it
句式剖析
1.even though/if引导让步状语从句
[教材原句]　Daisy thought Cathy had reported her to the teacher，even though Cathy had not.
黛西认为凯西向老师打她的小报告，尽管凯西没有。
[佳句背诵]　(外研版选必四U3)Gradually，Dunhuang faded from memory，even though it was once such a great city.
尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐地淡出了人们的记忆。
(1)even though/if意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
(2)若主句和从句的主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
(1)even though/if意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
(2)若主句和从句的主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①I would continue my work with determination and would not ask a favor of him even if ________ (criticize).
②即使在比赛中失败了三次，她仍坚持练习。
She kept practicing ______________________________ in the competition.
③我已下定决心，即使被邀请我也不参加这个聚会。
→I have made up my mind that I won't attend the party ______________________.
→I have made up my mind that I won't attend the party ___________________.(省略句)
criticized
even though/if she failed three times
even though/if I am invited
even though/if invited
句式剖析
2.“happen to do...”意为“碰巧做……”
[教材原句]　Well，the VIPs happened to be a general and a group of about a dozen people.
嗯，贵宾们碰巧是一位将军和一个由大约十二个人组成的团体。
[佳句背诵]　Just as the storm trapped them in the forest，a ranger happened to pass by and led them to safety.
就在暴风雨将他们困在森林里时，一名护林员恰巧路过，把他们带到了安全地带。
(1)happen to do/to be doing/to have done... 碰巧做/正在做/已经做了……
(2)It happened/happens that... 碰巧……
[即时训练]　单句语法填空/句型转换
①__ happened that I had seen the film directed by Tom，so I told them the plot.
②The other day I visited my friend but he happened ____ (be) ill，so I called in a doctor in an instant.
③I happened to have read the article when he asked me about it.
→_______________________________ when he asked me about it.
It
to be
It happened that I had read the article
①I happened to see your sister crying on my way to school yesterday.
②The parade will take place on Sunday，rain or shine.
③The sun rises gently in the east，painting the sky with golden light every morning.
④The teacher asked the students to raise their hands before answering questions.
⑤Could I borrow your calculator for the math exam？Mine's broken and I'm in a fix.
⑥Tom lent his bicycle to his classmate because he didn't need it that day.
动词近义词
[归纳填空]
1.以上句①中happen有“____”之意，带有碰巧、偶然的意思；而句②中take place也有“____”之意，但没有偶然的意思，是事先安排或策划好的。
2.句③中rise为不及物动词，意为“____”，强调自然发生；而句④中的raise为及物动词，意为“____”。需接宾语表示人为动作。
3.句⑤中borrow意为“____”，表示从别人处借入；句⑥中lend意为“____”，表示把自己的东西借出。
发生
发生
上升
举起
借入
借出
常见的动词近义词
看 look；see；watch；observe；notice；catch sight of；stare；glare；glance；glimpse
说 tell sth to sb＝tell sb sth；talk with sb about sth；say sth；speak sth；whisper sth to sb；inform sb of sth；reason/talk/persuade sb into doing sth；bargain；chat；repeat；explain；warn；remind；discuss；debate；figure；declare；claim；mention；admit；deny；describe；announce；introduce；complain；express；dictate
叫 call；shout；scream；moan；sigh；quarrel
问 ask；interview；question
答 answer；respond；reply
听 listen to；hear；pick up；overhear
笑 smile；laugh；burst into laughter；burst out laughing
哭 cry；shed tears；weep；sob；burst into tears；burst out crying
吃/喝 eat/drink；consume；sip；have a meal；have supper；taste；treat sb to；help oneself to
穿/脱 put on；wear；have sth on；be dressed in；get changed；be in；take off；remove
行 walk；run；climb；jump；skip；slip；come/go；enter；move；drive；ride；fly；crawl
坐/站 sit down；be seated；seat oneself；take a seat；stand；lean
睡觉/
休息 lie on one's back/side/stomach；stay in bed；have a rest；take a nap；be asleep；turn over；rest
写/画 write sth；drop a line；draw；take down；write down
拿/放 take；bring；hold；carry；fetch；lift；put；lay
抓 take hold of；seize；grasp；scratch
打 hit；beat；strike；blow；attack
扔 throw；drop；fall
送 send；deliver；give；offer；see sb off
摸/抱 touch；fold；embrace；hug；hold；in one's arms
踢/蹬 kick；knock；tip
找/查 find；look for；find out；discover；explore；hunt for；search for；seek；seek for；in search of；search sb；search sp for sth；check；examine；test；inspect
得到 get；obtain；acquire；gain；attain
失去 lose；be lost/missing/gone；suffer a great loss
有 have；own；conquer；occupy；possess
无 nothing left；be missing/gone
增/减 rise/go up；drop；decline；raise；bring down；reduce；increase；decrease
买/卖 buy；purchase；afford；pay；pay off；pay for；sell；on sale；bargain；discount
存在/
消失 come into being；exist；appear；survive；live；show；turn up；disappear；die；die out；pass away；be out of sight
变化 develop；improve；become；grow；go bad/wrong/sour；turn＋颜色；change/change into；reform
成功/
失败 make it；succeed；make progress；come true；realise one's dream；win；lose；fail to do；defeat；suffer loss；beat；turn sth into reality
努力 try/manage to do；make efforts；attempt；do one's best；do as much as possible
祝贺 congratulate sb on sth；celebrate
敬佩/
嫉妒 admire；respect；show respect for/to；adore；envy；be jealous
赞美/
批评 praise；think highly of；blame sb for sth；sb is to blame；criticize/scold sb for sth；have a low opinion of sb；speak ill of
喜/恶 like；love；be fond of；be keen on；be crazy about；adore；be into；prefer；enjoy；dislike；hate；ignore
到达/
离开 arrive at；reach；return to；get to；stay in；visit；leave；leave for
受伤 hurt；injure；wound；cut；kill；drown；bleed；get burnt；suffer from
损坏 damage；destroy；ruin；break down；crash；be broken
修复 repair；rebuild；restore；fix；recover oneself
认识
过程 feel；sense；guess；suppose；wonder；doubt；know；learn；realise；understand；remember；be familiar with；recall；recite
认为；
推断 think；believe；consider；find；feel；conclude；infer
想/考
虑 think of；think about；consider；think over
支持/
反对 agree；disagree；accept；receive；refuse；turn down；be against；elect；vote for/against
花费 sth/doing sth＋cost；sb＋spend...＋(in) doing sth/on sth；sb＋afford＋名词/to do sth；It＋takes/took sb some time/money/energy to do sth；sb pay(s) some money for sth
省/存
钱 save/save up；set aside；put away
参加 take part in；join；join in；attend；compete in/for/against
控告 accuse sb of；charge sb with
救治/
帮助 help；help out；save/rescue sb from sth；treat；cure sb of sth；aid sb in doing sth/to do sth；help sb with sth；assist sb in doing sth
逃避 run away；escape from；flee；hide
阻止/
禁止 prevent/keep/stop sb from doing sth；forbid doing sth；ban；prohibit
对付/
处理 handle/do with；deal with；tackle/overcome sth；solve；settle
效仿 copy；imitate；learn from；learn
爆发/
发生 come about；happen to；take place；break out；burst out；go off；explode
安装/
装备 fasten；fix；set；equip；be armed with；be equipped with
追求 pursue；run after；seek after；chase；catch up with
建议 advise；suggest；recommend；propose
打算 plan/intend/design to do；be going to do；be about to do；will do
似乎/
好像 seem；appear；look like；as if/though
开/关 open；start；set up；close；close up；end；close down
Ⅰ.选词填空
1.She (wept/sobbed) quietly when she read the letter from her father.
2.I suggest you (figure/realize) out a plan before starting the project.
3.They (headed/made their way) through the dense forest，hoping to find a shortcut.
4.Would you please (assist/aid) us in organizing the charity sale
5.My grandfather (told/spoke) me an interesting story about his childhood last night.
答案　
1.wept　wept quietly更自然，表示无声或低声的哭泣，而sobbed通常伴随明显的声音，与quietly搭配稍显冲突。
2.figure　figure out 表示“通过思考或分析制定/解决”，强调主动构思解决方案，常与 plan，problem 等搭配；若用realize，则需搭配“实现计划”(realize the plan)。
3.made their way　made their way 强调在困难环境中“艰难行进”，常与 through，across 等介词搭配，突出路径的复杂性；若用headed，则仅表示“前往森林”，无法传达“穿越”的过程。
4.assist　assist 是动词，意为“帮助”，后接sb in doing sth，强调辅助性的合作；aid作动词时多用于正式场合(如军事援助)，此处不适用。
5.told 　told 是及物动词，需接双宾语(tell sb sth)，强调“讲述”具体内容；本题需表达“讲述故事”，且后接双宾语 me 和 a story，选told。若用spoke，需改为“spoke to me about a story”，但不符合原句结构。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.说
①她悄悄地把这个秘密告诉了她最好的朋友，确保没有其他人能听到。
She _______________________________，making sure no one else could hear it.
②老师清楚地解释了这道数学题，所以所有学生都轻松理解了。
The teacher _____________________________，so all the students understood it easily.
whispered the secret to her best friend
explained the math problem clearly
2.查找
①侦探仔细搜查了房间，寻找可能破案的线索。
The detective __________________________ any clues that might solve the case.
②科学家们仍在努力寻找对抗致命疾病的新方法。
Scientists ______________________________ to fight against deadly diseases.
3.花费
①他花了三个小时完成这个项目，但他对结果很满意。
It __________________________________，but he was satisfied with the result.
②她把所有积蓄都花在了新笔记本电脑上，这是她工作真正需要的。
She ________________________________，which she really needed for work.
searched the room carefully for
are still trying to discover new ways
took him three hours to finish the project
spent all her savings on the new laptop
Ⅰ.品句填词(每小题1分，共10分)
1.All participants must present valid ___________ (身份证明) to enter the conference venue.
2.A ______ (士兵) in full gear greeted the civilians，distributing food packages with a note that read:“Your safety is our mission.”
3.She prayed for the safety of her family as the sound of distant ______ (炸弹) grew louder，her hands trembling.
4.The young nurse spent nights in the _____ (病房)，comforting children who were afraid of the dark.
identification
(满分：75分)
soldier
bombs
ward
5.Scientists are at the ______ (前沿) of medical research，working to develop a new drug that can cure rare diseases.
6.Fear gripped her as she realized the old house's walls might have witnessed a ______ (谋杀) decades ago.
7.His face ________ (表现) a mix of shock and joy when he received the acceptance letter from Harvard.
8.They built a _________ (临时的) shelter with branches and leaves to survive the cold night in the mountains.
9.“Hold the line at all costs！” the _______ (将军) shouted into the radio，his voice carrying over the roar of gunfire and inspiring the weary soldiers.
10.She walked onto the stage during the award ________ (典礼)，her heart pounding with a mix of nervousness and excitement.
frontier
murder
displayed
temporary
general
ceremony
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1.The thief ____ (flee) into the night，leaving behind a trail of footprints that would later lead to his arrest.
2.As the sun rose，the hikers ___________ (greet) by a breathtaking view of the valley covered in mist.
3.They fled the burning village with only the clothes on their backs，_______ (pray) that their loved ones had escaped too.
4.At the border，a soldier noticed the ________ (panic) family and gestured them to hide，displaying compassion amid the chaos.
5.She _____ (weep) with relief when the rescue team found her lost dog，who had survived three days in the mountains.
fled
were greeted
praying
panicked
wept
6.Due to recent rainfall，the road to the village is ______ (mud) and slippery—drivers are advised to exercise caution.
7.His research on the __________ (distribute) of ancient ruins led him to discover a civilization forgotten by history.
8.She gave him an ___________ (appreciate) nod，grateful that he had stayed up all night to help her with the project.
9.Each class is required to send a ____________ (represent) to attend the student council meeting this Friday.
10.The report highlights the importance of providing medical aid to _______ (civil) populations in disaster-stricken areas.
muddy
distribution
appreciative
representative
civilian
Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分)
1.孩子们听到外面的巨响后，惊慌失措。
________________________ when they heard the loud noise outside.
2.徒步者们堆起一堆石头作为地标，确保能在浓雾中找到原路返回。
The hikers built _________________________，ensuring they could find their way back in the dense fog.
3.我想对您在我留学期间给予的帮助表示诚挚的感谢。
I would like _______________________________ your help during my study abroad program.
The children got into a panic
a pile of stones as a landmark
to express my sincere appreciation for
4.当我沿着广场的南侧走时，我碰巧遇到了我们的英语老师。
It happened _________________________ when I walked along the south side of the square.
5.他用温暖的微笑迎接她，假装没有注意到她眼中隐藏的悲伤。
He _________________________，pretending not to notice the sadness hidden in her eyes.
that I met our English teacher
greeted her with a warm smile
Ⅳ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
A small accident led to profound changes in the life of Yang Li，an artisan，who is from the Miao ethnic group.In 2011，Yang，from Tongren city in Guizhou Province，created leaf vein (脉络) embroidery three months after a leaf cut her hand.
The work is a perfect combination of traditional embroidery patterns and the natural textures of the leaves.It has a unique aesthetic appeal of traditional embroidery matched with the characteristics of contemporary craftsmanship.
As a native Miao woman with an inborn love of embroidery，Yang opened a folk culture products shop with her sister in 2011.“People are becoming less familiar with traditional handicrafts，and I want to contribute all I can to change this situation，”Yang says.At first，the small shop did not earn a significant income as there were many similar products on the market.She gradually realized that it was important to establish her own brand and launch products with distinct features.
That's when she was inspired by the cut.In July 2011，Yang accidentally cut her hand on a thorny leaf when she was hiking in Fanjing Mountain.A bold idea came into her head:“There are leaf-vein bookmarks and leaf-vein paintings.Why has nobody created leaf-vein embroider yet？”
Obviously，the reason behind this is that embroidering on leaves requires delicate skills that few possess.The biggest technical challenge Yang faced was improving the flexibility of the leaves and making them as soft as cloth.On Oct.16，a day she will never forget，Yang finally created a shiny，thin and unbreakable piece of leaf vein.Her idea of leaf-vein embroidery came to completion after hundreds of experiments.
Two years later，Yang opened an embroidery processing factory and offered jobs to more than 500 laid-off female workers，rural women and people with disabilities.“I will keep doing the leaf vein embroidery for the rest of my life because it is meaningful，” she says.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位苗族绣娘杨丽，因手指被树叶划破而创作出“叶脉绣”的故事。
1.What do we know about Yang Li's folk culture products shop
A.It was inspired by a cut by a leaf in her hand.
B.It was a failure before she began to sell similar products.
C.It was intended to preserve traditional Chinese handicrafts.
D.It perfectly combined traditional Chinese books and drawings.
解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段杨丽说的话“People are becoming...contribute all I can to change this situation”可知，杨丽的民俗文化特产店是为了保护中国的传统手工艺。故选C。
2.What is Yang Li's difficulty in making her leaf-vein embroidery
A.Finding cloth with vein-like texture.
B.Creating a new embroidery pattern.
C.Changing leaves into unbreakable cloth.
D.Softening up leaves for better flexibility.
解析　D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The biggest technical challenge Yang faced was improving the flexibility of the leaves and making them as soft as cloth.”可知，杨丽在制作“叶脉绣”时遇到的困境是软化叶子以获得更好的灵活性，故选D。
3.Which of the following best describes Yang Li
A.Ambitious and innovative.
B.Caring and patient.
C.Persistent and demanding.
D.Humorous and optimistic.
解析　A　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“In 2011，Yang，from Tongren...after a leaf cut her hand.”杨丽因手指被树叶划破而创作出“叶脉绣”，这说明她很有创造性，结合最后一段“Two years later...and people with disabilities.”杨丽开办刺绣加工厂，为下岗女工、农村妇女和残疾人提供就业机会，说明杨丽对自己的事业有雄心。故选A。
4.What is the text mainly about
A.An embroidery skill.
B.A promising career.
C.A cultural shop.
D.An admirable artisan.
解析　D　主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段内容可知，一位苗族绣娘杨丽，因手指被树叶划破而创作出“叶脉绣”，结合最后一段中“Yang opened an embroidery processing factory and offered jobs”说明她致力于发展刺绣产业，帮助传承民族传统技艺。D项最能总结文章大意。故选D。
B
(2025·山东青岛高二下期末)The last time I visited my parents，I borrowed a novel from the shelves in my old bedroom.The books there once belonged to me，but over the decades，my father has taken over the space.It's fitting.
I grew up in a house full of books，free to explore anything，as long as I returned it.But that's harder now.My parents，in their 80s，still live in Manhattan，while I'm in Los Angeles.The book I grabbed was a novel by S.A.Cosby.At first，I was surprised my father knew of him，but why not For as long as I can remember，he's been a regular at his neighborhood bookstore.He used to say he wouldn't mind aging as long as he could read.Even now，I often find him with a book，though I fear he's begun to fall out of the narrative (叙述).
I didn't read the book until I was back in Southern California.I didn't want my father to know I had the book.I didn't want him to feel any stress about it，though the two of us have been talking books ever since I was 12.I didn't want to know what he might or might not recall.
Opening it felt like opening a conversation with my father，retracing his steps and reading through his eyes.I enjoyed the novel，though that's beside the point.What struck me most was a plotline about feeling sad for one's parents，a process I'm beginning to understand.When I finished，I ran my fingers over my father's mark on the cover，those letters he'd pressed into the cover with a hand-held metal press，spelling out a name the same as mine.Then I slipped the book into my suitcase，certain to return it next time I visit.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过阅读父亲的书，感受到与父亲之间的情感联系。
5.Why is it fitting for the father to take over the author's old space
A.Because both are attached to reading.
B.Because the father loves collecting books.
C.Because the author's books are preserved there.
D.Because the father needs space for bookshelves.
解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I grew up in a house full of books...returned it.”以及下文“For as long as I can remember，he's been a regular at his neighborhood bookstore.”可知，父亲接管作者的旧空间是合适的，因为两人都对阅读有着深厚的感情。故选A。
6.Why did the author not want his father to know he had the book
A.To put the book into his own collection.
B.To avoid pressure on his father to discuss it.
C.To free his father from too much reading.
D.To maintain a sense of privacy in reading.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段“I didn't want him to feel any stress about it...”可知，作者不想让父亲知道自己有S.A.Cosby的小说，他希望避免让80多岁的父亲有压力，和以前一样，一定要一起讨论这本书。故选B。
7.How did the author feel while reading Cosby's novel
A.Inspired by the plotline.
B.Connected to his father.
C.Eager to share with others.
D.Surprised at his father's mark.
解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Opening it felt like opening a conversation with my father...his eyes.”，此处it指代第二段中a novel by S.A.Cosby，说明阅读S.A.Cosby的小说就好像与父亲对话，由此可推知，作者在阅读时感到与父亲有某种联系。故选B。
8.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A Returning Home
B.Love through Pages
C.The Power of Books
D.My Father，a Great Reader
解析　B　标题归纳题。通读全文，第一、二段作者以拿了一本父亲读过的书来阅读为线索展开，讲述了作者读这本书前不希望父亲知道自己拿了这本书，第三、四段说明作者在阅读时感受到与父亲的对话，并通过父亲的视角理解故事，决定之后和父亲一起讨论这本书，这展现了父子之间通过书籍建立的情感联系。故选B。
Ⅴ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分)
Every morning，Mr Thompson，the neighborhood mail carrier，followed the same routine—sorting letters before setting off on his daily route.Over the years，he had grown 1 with the residents，including Mrs Carter，an elderly lady who lived alone in a small white cottage at the end of Maple Street.
Mrs Carter 2 went out，but she always greeted Mr Thompson with a warm smile when he 3 her letters.She looked forward to his visits，as they were often her only 4 of the day.
On a freezing morning，Mr Thompson 5 something unusual—the letters he had delivered over the past few days were still in the mailbox.A feeling of unease settled in his chest.Mrs Carter never left her mail 6 for long.He knocked on her door.“Mrs Carter It's Mr Thompson.” Silence.He knocked again.Still no 7 .
Worried，he 8 a neighbor and explained the situation.Together，they 9 to call for help.Within minutes，paramedics (护理人员) arrived and 10 to enter the house.To their -11 they found Mrs Carter lying in bed，weak but conscious.“Had she been left alone any longer，it could have been much worse，” one of the paramedics said.
A few days later，after 12 ，Mrs Carter called Mr Thompson.“If it weren't for you，I don't know what would have happened，” she said 13 .
From that day on，Mr Thompson always took a moment to 14 on her.Delivering 15 he realized，was just as important as delivering letters.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员汤普森先生发现独居的卡特夫人遇险并提供及时救助的故事。
1. A.unpopular B.content
C.patient D.familiar
解析　D　根据下文“greeted Mr Thompson with a warm smile”以及“She looked forward to his visits”可知，汤普森先生与居民们熟悉(familiar)。
2. A.rarely B.casually
C.recently D.frequently
解析　A　根据下文“but she always greeted Mr Thompson with a warm smile”以及下文提到汤普森先生发现她信件未取，推测她很少(rarely)出门。
3. A.missed B.delivered
C.read D.wrote
解析　B　根据上文“Mr Thompson，the neighborhood mail carrier”可知，汤普森先生是邮递员，其工作是递送(delivered)信件。
4. A.interview B.opportunity
C.complaint D.interaction
解析　D　根据上文“Mrs Carter went out”以及“She looked forward to his visits”可知，卡特夫人独自居住，汤普森的来访是她与外界的互动(interaction)。
5. A.ignored B.spotted
C.stopped D.expected
解析　B　根据下文“the letters he had delivered over the past few days were still in the mailbox”可知，汤普森先生注意到(spotted)信件还在邮箱里这一不寻常的事情。
6. A.untouched B.unharmed
C.unresolved D.unmarked
解析　A　根据上文“Mrs Carter never left her mail”以及下文汤普森先生担心她的情况可知，卡特太太从来不会让邮件长时间未被触动(untouched)。
7. A.luck B.wonder
C.answer D.signal
解析　C　根据上文“Silence”以及“Still no”可知，汤普森先生敲门后没有得到回应(answer)。
8. A.turned to B.related to
C.sided with D.worked with
解析　A　根据下文“a neighbor and explained the situation”可知，汤普森先生向邻居解释卡特太太情况，他是在寻求帮助(turned to)。
9. A.preferred B.promised
C.decided D.hesitated
解析　C　根据下文“to call for help”可知，他们发现卡特太太的异常后，决定(decided)呼救。
10. A.refused B.pretended
C.afforded D.managed
解析　D　根据下文“to enter the house”可知，护理人员的目的是进入房子查看情况。固定短语managed to enter意为“设法进入”。
11. A.sadness B.relief
C.despair D.delight
解析　B　根据下文“they found Mrs Carter lying in bed，weak but conscious”可知，看到卡特太太还活着，护理人员感到欣慰(relief)。
12. A.recovering B.relaxing
C.travelling D.shopping
解析　A　根据上文“Had she been left alone any longer，it could have been much worse”可知，卡特太太之前身体不好，此处的几天后，说明她应该是康复(recovering)后。
13. A.joyfully B.enviously
C.distantly D.gratefully
解析　D　根据上文“If it weren't for you，I don't know what would have happened”可知，卡特太太对汤普森先生是感激的(gratefully)。
14. A.remark B.focus
C.check D.count
解析　C　根据设空处“Mr Thompson always took a moment to on her”可知，汤普森先生会花时间探望卡特太太的情况。check on意为“查看，探望”。
15. A.generosity B.kindness
C.politeness D.curiosity
解析　B　根据上文汤普森先生关心卡特太太的事情可知，此处说明送信和传递善意(kindness)同样重要。

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