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(共16张PPT)
定语从句知识点总结
1. 定语
是修饰名词或代词的句子成分。（可由形容词、名词、动名词、分词、副词、不定式、介词短语、从句等担任）
There are many apple trees in the village. (名词作定语)
I like the tall girl. (形容词作定语)
The teacher divided the students into 8 groups. (数词作定语)
I want something to eat. (不定式作定语)
2. 定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。在句子中的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。
He is the man who lives next door.
The girl who is talking with my mother is my friend.
I like the dress that my mother bought for me.
The bicycle which he wanted was at least 90 $.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。（一般出现在定语从句之前）
e.g. Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage (the girl 为先行词)- e.g. He is the man whose car was stolen last night. (the man 为先行词) 请用横线画出下列句子中的先行词。
1. This is the museum which was built last year.
2. I’ll forever cherish the days when I studied abroad.
3. Let’s find a place where we can have a picnic.
4. The river which runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasure.
5. I prefer the song Little Apple which can attract many people.
答案 1. the museum2. the days3. a place4. The river5. the song Little Apple
关系代词
Speaking of the USA, New York is the first thing that comes to mind. (作主语)
Mr. White invited many friends to his party whom/who he respected. (作宾语)
I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. (作宾语)
You’re the only person whose advice he might listen to. (作定语)
This is the book which you are looking for. (作宾语)
The picture that we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student. (作宾语)
注意：在定语从句中，关系词取代了先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复先行词。
Practice
1. Do you know the man _____ is talking to Miss Wu
2. Some people _____ are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
3. I happened to meet the professor _____ I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.
4. Do you know the girl _____ Japanese is excellent
5. John is the boy _____ legs were badly hurt in the accident.
6. The train _____ has just left is for Shenzhen.
7. Jack is no longer the person _____ I met five years ago.
8. Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _____ people cannot get at home.
答案 1. who2. who3. who/whom4. whose5. whose6. which/that7. that/who/whom8. that/which
关系副词 在从句中作状语。
总结：when / where / why --- 在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语 = 介词+which
when 时间状语
先行词：day, time, week, year, period, moment, occasion (时机)…
when = in/on/at/during which
Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
April Fool’s Day is the day when people make fun of others.
= April Fool’s Day is the day on which people make fun of others.
where 地点状语
先行词：place, house, factory, village …
抽象地点名词：position, stage, situation, case, point, occasion (场合)…
where = in/on/at/to which
Finally, we got to a factory where many mobile phones of high quality were produced.
These are the few points where we disagree with each other.
= These are the few points at which we disagree with each other.
why 原因状语
先行词：the reasonwhy = for which
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help.
Is this the reason why she refused our offer
1. I’ll cherish the moment _____ I met Lisa.
2. I still remember the time _____ we first met scores of years ago.
3. This is the mountain village _____ I stayed last year.
4. Keep the books in a place _____ you can find them easily.
5. Do you know the date _____ Lincoln was born.
6. Make marks at the places _____ you have questions.
7. I don’t want to listen to any reason _____ you were absent.
答案 1. when2. when3. where4. where5. when6. where7. why
只用 that 不用 which
1. 不定代词：先行词为 all, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, something, little, few, any 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时，只能用 that。Is there anything that you don’t understand
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
2. 序数词：先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first thing (that) we should do now is to find a local guide.
3. 最高级：先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
4. 人+物：先行词既有人又有物时。
We often talk about people and things (that) we remember.
5. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。
This is the only book that I can find.
6. 避免重复。
He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
7. 以 here, there 开头的句子，先行词指物时。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.
8. 当主句是以 what 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the book that belongs to her
只用 which 不用 that
1. 介词+which
The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
2. 非限制性定义从句用 which
Football, which is a very interesting sport, is played in many countries.
3. 先行词为 that, those 时
What’s that which was out in the car
4. 关系代词后有插入语时。
Here is a CD which, as I have told you, is a great help to you.
定语从句做题小妙招：
方法 1：先行词还原法
e.g. The village ______ I visited last year has changed a lot.先行词为 the village，将先行词还原到定语从句中后为 I visited the village last year. 先行词在从句中作宾语。
方法 2：四步分析法 一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处，三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。
e.g. Do you know the man ______ came here yesterday 先行词为 the man，关系词指人且在从句中作主语，故用 who/that。
e.g. He brought me the most interesting book ______ I had wanted to buy.先行词 book 被形容词最高级修饰，用 that。
关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语时可省略；
关系代词在定语从句中作表语时可省略；
关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在从句句尾时可省略。
e.g. That's the girl (whom/who/that) I teach.
e.g. The book (that/which) he found on the playground is mine.
e.g. John is not the man (that) he was years ago.
e.g. This is the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with.

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