译林版新版八年级下册英语Unit 1 Past and Present 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

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译林版新版八年级下册英语Unit 1 Past and Present 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

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译林版新版八年级下册英语Unit 1 Past and Present
知识清单背诵版
目 录
第一部分 核心词汇 2
第二部分 重点词组 12
第三部分 语法讲解 14
3.1 现在完成时的构成 14
3.2 现在完成时的用法 15
3.3 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 16
3.4 不规则动词表 16
第四部分 语法练习 18
第五部分 书面表达 21
第六部分 知识导图 23
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第一部分 核心词汇
本单元围绕“过去与现在”这一主题,学习与城市发展、交通变化相关的核心词汇。以下是本单元的重点词汇详解。
1. underground/ nd ɡra nd/
【词义】n. 地铁(= subway/metro)
【用法】在英国英语中常用,美国英语常用subway。
【搭配】take the underground 乘地铁;on the underground 在地铁上
【例句】
【例句】I often take the underground to school because it's fast and convenient.
(我经常乘地铁上学,因为它又快又方便。)
2. speed/spi d/
【词义】n. 速度;v. 加速
【词形变换】speedy adj. 快速的;speeding n. 超速驾驶
【搭配】at high speed 高速地;at a speed of 以……的速度
【例句】
【例句】The high-speed train can travel at a speed of 350 kilometres per hour.
(这列高铁可以以每小时350公里的速度行驶。)
3. used to/ju st tu /
【词义】过去常常(做某事)
【用法】used to do sth 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,现在已不存在。
【辨析】be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth 被用来做某事
【例句】
【例句】My father used to go to work by bike, but now he drives a car.
(我爸爸过去常常骑自行车上班,但现在他开车了。)
4. crowded/ kra d d/
【词义】adj. 拥挤的
【词形变换】crowd n. 人群;v. 挤满;crowdedness n. 拥挤程度
【搭配】be crowded with 挤满……;a crowded bus/train 拥挤的公交车/火车
【例句】
【例句】The buses were always crowded when my father was young.
(我爸爸年轻时,公交车总是很拥挤。)
5. convenient/k n vi ni nt/
【词义】adj. 方便的,便利的
【词形变换】convenience n. 便利;inconvenient adj. 不方便的
【搭配】be convenient for sb 对某人方便;at one's convenience 在某人方便时
【例句】
【例句】Now the buses are comfortable and convenient.
(现在公交车既舒适又方便。)
6. southern/ s n/
【词义】adj. 南方的,南部的
【词形变换】south n. 南方;southward adv. 向南
【搭配】in the southern part of 在……的南部;Southern China 华南地区
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen is a city in southern China.
(深圳是中国南方的一座城市。)
7. pioneer/ pa n (r)/
【词义】n. 先锋,先驱;v. 开创,倡导
【词形变换】pioneering adj. 开创性的,先驱的
【搭配】a pioneer in ……领域的先驱;pioneering spirit 开拓精神
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen is a pioneer in China's reform and opening up.
(深圳是中国改革开放的先锋。)
8. technology/tek n l d i/
【词义】n. 技术,科技(= tech)
【词形变换】technological adj. 技术的;technologist n. 技术专家
【搭配】high technology 高科技;information technology 信息技术
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen has become an important centre for technology industries.
(深圳已成为科技产业的重要中心。)
9. industry/ nd stri/
【词义】n. 工业,产业
【词形变换】industrial adj. 工业的;industrious adj. 勤奋的
【搭配】heavy/light industry 重/轻工业;film industry 电影产业
【例句】
【例句】The film industry makes a lot of money every year.
(电影产业每年赚很多钱。。)
10. lead/li d/
【词义】vt. & vi. 领导,带领;引领
【词形变换】leader n. 领导者;leadership n. 领导能力;leading adj. 领先的
【搭配】lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事;lead to 导致,通向
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen is leading the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”.
(深圳正引领从“中国制造”到“中国创造”的转变。)
11. wealth/welθ/
【词义】n. 财富,财产
【词形变换】wealthy adj. 富有的
【搭配】a wealth of 大量的,丰富的
【例句】
【例句】The city offers a wealth of cultural facilities.
(这座城市提供了丰富的文化设施。)
12. excellent/ eks l nt/
【词义】adj. 优秀的,杰出的
【词形变换】excellence n. 卓越,优秀
【搭配】excellent performance 出色的表现;excellent quality 优良的品质
【例句】
【例句】The city offers many excellent cultural and educational activities.
(这座城市提供了许多优秀的文化和教育活动。)
13. public/ p bl k/
【词义】n. 公众,大众;adj. 公共的,公众的
【词形变换】publicity n. 宣传;publish v. 出版,发表
【搭配】in public 公开地;the general public 普通大众;public transport 公共交通
【例句】
【例句】The city has won an award for encouraging reading among the public.
(这座城市因鼓励公众阅读而获奖。)
14. citizen/ s t zn/
【词义】n. 市民,公民
【词形变换】citizenship n. 公民身份,国籍
【搭配】senior citizen 老年人;law-abiding citizen 守法的公民
【例句】
【例句】The pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is the key to success.
(开拓精神,加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力,是成功的关键。)
15. since/s ns/
【词义】prep. & conj. 自从;既然
【用法】since + 时间点/从句,主句常用现在完成时。
【搭配】ever since 从那以后一直;since then 从那以后
【例句】
【例句】Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed.
(自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展。)
16. development/d vel pm nt/
【词义】n. 发展,开发
【词形变换】develop v. 发展;developing adj. 发展中的;developed adj. 发达的
【搭配】economic development 经济发展;with the development of 随着……的发展
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen has become a symbol of China's development.
(深圳已成为中国发展的象征。)
17. creativity/ kri e t v ti/
【词义】n. 创造力,创造性
【词形变换】create v. 创造;creative adj. 有创造力的;creature n. 生物
【搭配】show/display creativity 展示创造力;stimulate creativity 激发创造力
【例句】
【例句】The hard work and creativity of its citizens is the key to success.
(市民的辛勤工作和创造力是成功的关键。)
18. certainly/ s tnli/
【词义】adv. 当然,肯定
【词形变换】certain adj. 确定的;certainty n. 确定性
【搭配】certainly not 当然不;most certainly 非常肯定地
【例句】
【例句】The city's pioneering spirit is certainly the key to its success.
(这座城市的开拓精神当然是其成功的关键。)
19. key/ki /
【词义】n. 钥匙;关键;答案;adj. 关键的
【词形变换】keyless adj. 无钥匙的
【搭配】the key to ……的关键;key point 要点;key role 关键作用
【例句】
【例句】The pioneering spirit is the key to Shenzhen's success.
(开拓精神是深圳成功的关键。)
20. make a living
【词义】谋生,维持生活
【用法】make a living by (doing) sth 通过(做)某事谋生
【同义】earn one's living
【例句】
【例句】In the past, most families made a living by fishing.
(过去,大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。)
21. recently/ ri sntli/
【词义】adv. 最近,近来
【词形变换】recent adj. 最近的
【用法】recently常与现在完成时连用,可放在句首或句末。
【例句】
【例句】Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot.
(最近,我们镇上的空气质量改善了很多。)
22. already/ l redi/
【词义】adv. 已经,早已
【用法】already常用于肯定句,放在have/has之后或句末。
【辨析】yet用于否定句和疑问句,表示“还(未)”。
【例句】
【例句】Some people in the countryside have already moved to new buildings.
(一些农村人已经搬进了新楼房。)
23. yet/jet/
【词义】adv. 还,仍然(用于否定句);已经(用于疑问句)
【用法】yet常用于否定句和疑问句,放在句末。
【搭配】not yet 还没有;just yet 恰好现在
【例句】
【例句】I have not visited the museum yet.
(我还没参观过那个博物馆。)
24. fall in love with
【词义】爱上,喜欢上
【用法】fall in love with sb/sth 爱上某人/某物
【辨析】be in love with 表示状态,fall in love with 表示动作。
【例句】
【例句】You could say I have fallen in love with Shenzhen.
(你可以说我已经爱上了深圳。)
25. wide/wa d/
【词义】adj. 宽的,宽阔的;广泛的
【词形变换】width n. 宽度;widen v. 加宽;widely adv. 广泛地
【搭配】wide road 宽阔的道路;wide range of 各种各样的
【例句】
【例句】When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses.
(当你踏上星光村宽阔整洁的道路时,你会看到一排排新房子。)
26. hopeful/ h pfl/
【词义】adj. 有希望的,充满希望的
【词形变换】hope n./v. 希望;hopeless adj. 无望的;hopefully adv. 有希望地
【搭配】be hopeful about 对……充满希望
【例句】
【例句】We feel hopeful about the future.
(我们对未来充满希望。)
27. tourism/ t r z m/
【词义】n. 旅游业,观光
【词形变换】tour n./v. 旅游;tourist n. 游客;touristy adj. 游客众多的
【搭配】tourism industry 旅游业;develop tourism 发展旅游业
【例句】
【例句】Tourism has helped the village a lot.
(旅游业给这个村庄带来了很大帮助。)
28. opinion/ p nj n/
【词义】n. 意见,看法
【词形变换】opinionated adj. 固执的
【搭配】in one's opinion 在某人看来;give an opinion 发表意见;public opinion 舆论
【例句】
【例句】In my opinion, our hometown has changed a lot.
(在我看来,我们的家乡变化很大。)
mon/ k m n/
【词义】adj. 常见的,普遍的;共同的
【词形变换】commonly adv. 通常;commonness n. 普通
【搭配】in common 共同的;common sense 常识;it is common to do sth 做某事很常见
【例句】
【例句】It is not common to leave a tip here.
(在这里给小费并不常见。)
第二部分 重点词组
本单元的重点词组主要围绕城市变化、交通发展等话题。掌握这些词组对于理解和表达“过去与现在”的主题非常重要。
词组 含义 例句
high-speed train 高铁 The high-speed train has made travel much faster.高铁让出行快了很多。
used to do sth 过去常常做某事 I used to walk to school when I was young. 我小时候常常步行去上学。
at the heart of 在……的核心/中心 Innovation lies at the heart of the city. 创新是这座城市的核心所在。
a wealth of 大量的,丰富的 The city offers a wealth of cultural activities.这座城市提供了丰富的文化活动。
make a living 谋生 Many people make a living by working in factories.许多人靠在工厂工作谋生。
world-famous 世界闻名的 Shenzhen has become a world-famous city. 深圳已成为一座世界闻名的城市。
fall in love with 爱上,喜欢上 I have fallen in love with this beautiful city.我已经爱上了这座美丽的城市。
in the past/last few years 在过去几年里 Great changes have taken place in the past few years.过去几年发生了巨大的变化。
take place 发生,举行 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
thanks to 多亏,由于 Thanks to the government's support, the village has improved.多亏了政府的支持,这个村庄已经有了改善。
feel hopeful about 对……充满希望 We feel hopeful about the future. 我们对未来充满希望。
at an amazing speed 以惊人的速度 The city has developed at an amazing speed. 这座城市以惊人的速度发展着。
lie at the heart of 是……的核心 Hard work lies at the heart of his success. 勤奋努力是他成功的核心。
be home to 是……的所在地 Shenzhen is home to many tech giants. 深圳是许多科技巨头的所在地。
lead the move from...to... 引领从……到……的转变 Shenzhen is leading the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”.深圳正引领着从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。
encourage...among... 在……中鼓励…… The city encourages reading among the public.这座城市鼓励公众阅读。
the key to ……的关键 Hard work is the key to success. 努力工作是成功的关键。
rows of 一排排的 You can see rows of new houses in the village. 你可以看到村子里一排排的新房子。
in one's opinion 在某人看来 In my opinion, the changes are amazing. 在我看来,这些变化令人惊叹。
in fact 事实上 In fact, there have been lots of changes. 事实上,已经发生了很多变化。
第三部分 语法讲解
现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
现在完成时是本单元的核心语法项目,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
3.1 现在完成时的构成
基本结构:have/has + 过去分词 (past participle)
肯定句 I/You/We/They have + 过去分词 He/She/It has + 过去分词
否定句 I/You/We/They have not (haven't) + 过去分词 He/She/It has not (hasn't) + 过去分词
一般疑问句 Have I/you/we/they + 过去分词... Has he/she/it + 过去分词...
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词...
例句:
●I have just found out many things about Shenzhen.
我刚刚了解到很多关于深圳的事情。
●He has lived there since he finished college.
自从大学毕业后他就住在那里。
●Have you been to Shenzhen before
你以前去过深圳吗?
●Transport has also improved a lot.
交通也改善了很多。
3.2 现在完成时的用法
用法一:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
这种用法强调过去的动作与现在的联系,常与already, yet, just, ever, never等时间状语连用。
●I have lost my mobile phone. (我现在没有手机。)
●She has already finished her homework. (她现在已经完成作业了。)
●Have you ever been to Beijing (你曾经去过北京吗?)
用法二:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态
这种用法强调动作的持续性,常与for + 时间段或since + 时间点/从句连用。
●He has lived here for ten years. (他在这里住了十年了。)
●I have known her since we were children. (从小我就认识她。)
●Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed.
(自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展。)
用法三:表示到目前为止已经完成的动作次数
这种用法常与表示次数的词语连用,如once, twice, three times, many times等。
●I have been to Shanghai many times.
(我去过上海很多次。)
●She has read this book twice.
(这本书她已经读了两遍了。)
3.3 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
对比项 现在完成时 一般过去时
时间关系 与现在有联系 与现在无联系,只表示过去
时间状语 already, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago
侧重点 强调对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作 强调过去某个时间发生的动作
例句 I have lost my key. (我现在进不去。) I lost my key yesterday. (只说明昨天丢了钥匙)
3.4 不规则动词表(常用常考类)
现在完成时中需要使用过去分词,以下是不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式:
原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
be was/were been 是
have had had 有
do did done 做
go went gone 去
come came come 来
see saw seen 看见
find found found 发现
get got got/gotten 得到
make made made 制造
take took taken 拿,乘坐
know knew known 知道
think thought thought 想,认为
fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给
write wrote written 写
begin began begun 开始
build built built 建造
buy bought bought 买
change changed changed 改变
develop developed developed 发展
第四部分 语法练习
通过以下练习巩固现在完成时的用法。
练习一:用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. My father __________ (work) in this factory for 20 years.
2. __________ you ever __________ (be) to Beijing
3. I __________ (not see) him since last Monday.
4. She __________ just __________ (finish) her homework.
5. Shenzhen __________ (change) a lot over the years.
6. They __________ (live) here since they got married.
7. __________ he __________ (return) the book to the library yet
8. We __________ (not visit) the new museum yet.
9. How long __________ you __________ (know) each other
10. The city __________ (develop) at an amazing speed since the 1980s.
答案:
1. has worked 2. Have; been 3. haven't seen 4. has; finished 5. has changed 6. have lived 7. Has; returned 8. haven't visited 9. have; known 10. has developed
练习二:句型转换
将下列句子改为现在完成时,并正确使用already, yet, ever, never等词。
He went to Shanghai last year. (用ever改写为疑问句)
.
She bought a new car. (用just)
.
I didn't see that film. (用never)
.
Did you finish your work (用yet)
.
They moved to Beijing in 2010. (用since, 注意动词变化)
.
答案:
1. Has he ever been to Shanghai
2. She has just bought a new car.
3. I have never seen that film.
4. Have you finished your work yet
5. They have lived in Beijing since 2010.
练习三:翻译句子
自从2000年以来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
.
你以前去过长城吗?
.
我还没完成我的作业。
.
他已经在这个公司工作了十年。
.
深圳自20世纪70年代末以来发展迅速。
.
答案:
1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 2000.
2. Have you ever been to the Great Wall
3. I haven't finished my homework yet.
4. He has worked in this company for ten years.
5. Shenzhen has developed rapidly since the late 1970s.
第五部分 书面表达
写作话题:家乡的变化
一、话题分析
本单元的写作话题是“家乡的变化”,要求描述家乡在过去几年中发生的变化。这类作文通常需要:
1. 介绍家乡的过去情况
2. 描述现在的变化(交通、环境、建筑、生活等方面)
3. 表达对变化的感受和对未来的期望
二、高分词组与表达
类别 高分表达
开篇 Great changes have taken place in...
In the past few years, ... has changed a lot.
描述过去 used to be...
in the past
fifty years ago
描述现在 nowadays
at present
these days
具体变化 The roads have become wider.
New buildings have been built.
The environment has improved.
表达感受 I feel proud of...
I am amazed at...
I feel hopeful about the future.
结尾 I believe... will become better and better.
I love my hometown more than ever.
三、参考范文
The Changes in My Hometown
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years. It has become a modern and beautiful city.
In the past, my hometown was a small town with narrow and muddy roads. The houses were old and small. People used to go to work by bike or on foot because there were few buses. The environment was not very good, and there was rubbish lying in the streets.
However, things have changed a lot nowadays. The government has built wide and clean roads. Many tall buildings have been built. People can take buses or drive their own cars to work. The environment has improved a lot. There are many green trees and beautiful flowers along the streets. People have built new houses and their living conditions have become much better.
I feel proud of the changes in my hometown. I feel hopeful about the future. I believe my hometown will become better and better. I love my hometown more than ever.
四、写作模板
开头段:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years. It has become a _______ and _______ city.
过去段:
In the past, my hometown used to be _______. The roads were _______. The houses were _______. People used to _______.
现在段:
However, things have changed a lot nowadays. The government has _______. People can _______. The environment has _______.
结尾段:
I feel proud of the changes in my hometown. I feel hopeful about the future. I believe my hometown will become better and better.
第六部分 知识导图
以下是本单元知识要点的思维导图式总结,帮助你系统梳理和记忆本单元内容。
Unit 1 主题:Past and Present(过去与现在)
话题 ● 城市变化(深圳的发展)
● 交通变迁(高铁、地铁、公交)
● 乡村发展(星光村的变化)
● 个人经历(家乡的变化)
核心词汇 ● 交通类:underground, speed, high-speed train, transport
● 变化类:change, development, improve, pioneer
● 描述类:crowded, convenient, excellent, wide, hopeful
● 其他:wealth, industry, technology, citizen, creativity
重点词组 ● used to do sth 过去常常做某事
● at the heart of 在……的核心
● a wealth of 大量的
● make a living 谋生
● fall in love with 爱上
● take place 发生
● the key to ……的关键
语法 ● 现在完成时:have/has + 过去分词
● 用法1:过去动作对现在的影响(already, yet, just, ever, never)
● 用法2:从过去持续到现在的动作(since, for)
● 用法3:到目前为止完成的次数
● 不规则动词表
写作 ● 话题:家乡的变化
● 结构:过去 → 现在 → 感受
● 高分表达:Great changes have taken place...
● 连接词:in the past, nowadays, however译林版新版八年级下册英语Unit 1 Past and Present
知识清单默写版
目 录
第一部分 核心词汇 2
第二部分 重点词组 12
第三部分 语法讲解 14
3.1 现在完成时的构成 14
3.2 现在完成时的用法 15
3.3 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 16
3.4 不规则动词表 16
第四部分 语法练习 18
第五部分 书面表达 20
第六部分 知识导图 22
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第一部分 核心词汇
本单元围绕“过去与现在”这一主题,学习与城市发展、交通变化相关的核心词汇。以下是本单元的重点词汇详解。
1. underground/ nd ɡra nd/
【词义】n. 地铁(= subway/metro)
【用法】在英国英语中常用,美国英语常用subway。
【搭配】take the underground 乘地铁;on the underground 在地铁上
【例句】
【例句】I often take the to school because it's fast and convenient.
(我经常乘地铁上学,因为它又快又方便。)
2. speed/spi d/
【词义】n. 速度;v. 加速
【词形变换】speedy adj. 快速的;speeding n. 超速驾驶
【搭配】at high speed 高速地;at a speed of 以……的速度
【例句】
【例句】The high-speed train can travel at a of 350 kilometres per hour.
(这列高铁可以以每小时350公里的速度行驶。)
3. used to/ju st tu /
【词义】过去常常(做某事)
【用法】used to do sth 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,现在已不存在。
【辨析】be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth 被用来做某事
【例句】
【例句】My father used to to work by bike, but now he drives a car.
(我爸爸过去常常骑自行车上班,但现在他开车了。)
4. crowded/ kra d d/
【词义】adj. 拥挤的
【词形变换】crowd n. 人群;v. 挤满;crowdedness n. 拥挤程度
【搭配】be crowded with 挤满……;a crowded bus/train 拥挤的公交车/火车
【例句】
【例句】The buses were always when my father was young.
(我爸爸年轻时,公交车总是很拥挤。)
5. convenient/k n vi ni nt/
【词义】adj. 方便的,便利的
【词形变换】convenience n. 便利;inconvenient adj. 不方便的
【搭配】be convenient for sb 对某人方便;at one's convenience 在某人方便时
【例句】
【例句】Now the buses are comfortable and .
(现在公交车既舒适又方便。)
6. southern/ s n/
【词义】adj. 南方的,南部的
【词形变换】south n. 南方;southward adv. 向南
【搭配】in the southern part of 在……的南部;Southern China 华南地区
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen is a city in China.
(深圳是中国南方的一座城市。)
7. pioneer/ pa n (r)/
【词义】n. 先锋,先驱;v. 开创,倡导
【词形变换】pioneering adj. 开创性的,先驱的
【搭配】a pioneer in ……领域的先驱;pioneering spirit 开拓精神
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen is a in China's reform and opening up.
(深圳是中国改革开放的先锋。)
8. technology/tek n l d i/
【词义】n. 技术,科技(= tech)
【词形变换】technological adj. 技术的;technologist n. 技术专家
【搭配】high technology 高科技;information technology 信息技术
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen has become an important centre for industries.
(深圳已成为科技产业的重要中心。)
9. industry/ nd stri/
【词义】n. 工业,产业
【词形变换】industrial adj. 工业的;industrious adj. 勤奋的
【搭配】heavy/light industry 重/轻工业;film industry 电影产业
【例句】
【例句】The film makes a lot of money every year.
(电影产业每年赚很多钱。。)
10. lead/li d/
【词义】vt. & vi. 领导,带领;引领
【词形变换】leader n. 领导者;leadership n. 领导能力;leading adj. 领先的
【搭配】lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事;lead to 导致,通向
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen is the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”.
(深圳正引领从“中国制造”到“中国创造”的转变。)
11. wealth/welθ/
【词义】n. 财富,财产
【词形变换】wealthy adj. 富有的
【搭配】a wealth of 大量的,丰富的
【例句】
【例句】The city offers a of cultural facilities.
(这座城市提供了丰富的文化设施。)
12. excellent/ eks l nt/
【词义】adj. 优秀的,杰出的
【词形变换】excellence n. 卓越,优秀
【搭配】excellent performance 出色的表现;excellent quality 优良的品质
【例句】
【例句】The city offers many cultural and educational activities.
(这座城市提供了许多优秀的文化和教育活动。)
13. public/ p bl k/
【词义】n. 公众,大众;adj. 公共的,公众的
【词形变换】publicity n. 宣传;publish v. 出版,发表
【搭配】in public 公开地;the general public 普通大众;public transport 公共交通
【例句】
【例句】The city has won an award for encouraging reading among the .
(这座城市因鼓励公众阅读而获奖。)
14. citizen/ s t zn/
【词义】n. 市民,公民
【词形变换】citizenship n. 公民身份,国籍
【搭配】senior citizen 老年人;law-abiding citizen 守法的公民
【例句】
【例句】The pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its , is the key to success.
(开拓精神,加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力,是成功的关键。)
15. since/s ns/
【词义】prep. & conj. 自从;既然
【用法】since + 时间点/从句,主句常用现在完成时。
【搭配】ever since 从那以后一直;since then 从那以后
【例句】
【例句】 the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed.
(自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展。)
16. development/d vel pm nt/
【词义】n. 发展,开发
【词形变换】develop v. 发展;developing adj. 发展中的;developed adj. 发达的
【搭配】economic development 经济发展;with the development of 随着……的发展
【例句】
【例句】Shenzhen has become a symbol of China's .
(深圳已成为中国发展的象征。)
17. creativity/ kri e t v ti/
【词义】n. 创造力,创造性
【词形变换】create v. 创造;creative adj. 有创造力的;creature n. 生物
【搭配】show/display creativity 展示创造力;stimulate creativity 激发创造力
【例句】
【例句】The hard work and of its citizens is the key to success.
(市民的辛勤工作和创造力是成功的关键。)
18. certainly/ s tnli/
【词义】adv. 当然,肯定
【词形变换】certain adj. 确定的;certainty n. 确定性
【搭配】certainly not 当然不;most certainly 非常肯定地
【例句】
【例句】The city's pioneering spirit is the key to its success.
(这座城市的开拓精神当然是其成功的关键。)
19. key/ki /
【词义】n. 钥匙;关键;答案;adj. 关键的
【词形变换】keyless adj. 无钥匙的
【搭配】the key to ……的关键;key point 要点;key role 关键作用
【例句】
【例句】The pioneering spirit is the to Shenzhen's success.
(开拓精神是深圳成功的关键。)
20. make a living
【词义】谋生,维持生活
【用法】make a living by (doing) sth 通过(做)某事谋生
【同义】earn one's living
【例句】
【例句】In the past, most families by fishing.
(过去,大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。)
21. recently/ ri sntli/
【词义】adv. 最近,近来
【词形变换】recent adj. 最近的
【用法】recently常与现在完成时连用,可放在句首或句末。
【例句】
【例句】 , the air in our town has improved a lot.
(最近,我们镇上的空气质量改善了很多。)
22. already/ l redi/
【词义】adv. 已经,早已
【用法】already常用于肯定句,放在have/has之后或句末。
【辨析】yet用于否定句和疑问句,表示“还(未)”。
【例句】
【例句】Some people in the countryside have moved to new buildings.
(一些农村人已经搬进了新楼房。)
23. yet/jet/
【词义】adv. 还,仍然(用于否定句);已经(用于疑问句)
【用法】yet常用于否定句和疑问句,放在句末。
【搭配】not yet 还没有;just yet 恰好现在
【例句】
【例句】I have not visited the museum .
(我还没参观过那个博物馆。)
24. fall in love with
【词义】爱上,喜欢上
【用法】fall in love with sb/sth 爱上某人/某物
【辨析】be in love with 表示状态,fall in love with 表示动作。
【例句】
【例句】You could say I have with Shenzhen.
(你可以说我已经爱上了深圳。)
25. wide/wa d/
【词义】adj. 宽的,宽阔的;广泛的
【词形变换】width n. 宽度;widen v. 加宽;widely adv. 广泛地
【搭配】wide road 宽阔的道路;wide range of 各种各样的
【例句】
【例句】When you step onto the , clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses.
(当你踏上星光村宽阔整洁的道路时,你会看到一排排新房子。)
26. hopeful/ h pfl/
【词义】adj. 有希望的,充满希望的
【词形变换】hope n./v. 希望;hopeless adj. 无望的;hopefully adv. 有希望地
【搭配】be hopeful about 对……充满希望
【例句】
【例句】We feel about the future.
(我们对未来充满希望。)
27. tourism/ t r z m/
【词义】n. 旅游业,观光
【词形变换】tour n./v. 旅游;tourist n. 游客;touristy adj. 游客众多的
【搭配】tourism industry 旅游业;develop tourism 发展旅游业
【例句】
【例句】 has helped the village a lot.
(旅游业给这个村庄带来了很大帮助。)
28. opinion/ p nj n/
【词义】n. 意见,看法
【词形变换】opinionated adj. 固执的
【搭配】in one's opinion 在某人看来;give an opinion 发表意见;public opinion 舆论
【例句】
【例句】In my , our hometown has changed a lot.
(在我看来,我们的家乡变化很大。)
mon/ k m n/
【词义】adj. 常见的,普遍的;共同的
【词形变换】commonly adv. 通常;commonness n. 普通
【搭配】in common 共同的;common sense 常识;it is common to do sth 做某事很常见
【例句】
【例句】It is not to leave a tip here.
(在这里给小费并不常见。)
第二部分 重点词组
本单元的重点词组主要围绕城市变化、交通发展等话题。掌握这些词组对于理解和表达“过去与现在”的主题非常重要。
词组 含义 例句
high-speed train 高铁 The train has made travel much faster.高铁让出行快了很多。
used to do sth 过去常常做某事 I used to to school when I was young. 我小时候常常步行去上学。
at the heart of 在……的核心/中心 Innovation lies the heart of the city. 创新是这座城市的核心所在。
a wealth of 大量的,丰富的 The city offers a of cultural activities.这座城市提供了丰富的文化活动。
make a living 谋生 Many people make a by working in factories.许多人靠在工厂工作谋生。
world-famous 世界闻名的 Shenzhen has become a city. 深圳已成为一座世界闻名的城市。
fall in love with 爱上,喜欢上 I have with this beautiful city. 我已经爱上了这座美丽的城市。
in the past/last few years 在过去几年里 Great changes have taken place in the past few years.过去几年发生了巨大的变化。
take place 发生,举行 Great changes have place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
thanks to 多亏,由于 Thanks the government's support, the village has improved.多亏了政府的支持,这个村庄已经有了改善。
feel hopeful about 对……充满希望 We feel about the future. 我们对未来充满希望。
at an amazing speed 以惊人的速度 The city has developed an speed. 这座城市以惊人的速度发展着。
lie at the heart of 是……的核心 Hard work at the heart his success. 勤奋努力是他成功的核心。
be home to 是……的所在地 Shenzhen home many tech giants. 深圳是许多科技巨头的所在地。
lead the move from...to... 引领从……到……的转变 Shenzhen is the move “Made in China” to “Created in China”.深圳正引领着从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。
encourage...among... 在……中鼓励…… The city reading among the public.这座城市鼓励公众阅读。
the key to ……的关键 Hard work is the key success. 努力工作是成功的关键。
rows of 一排排的 You can see of new houses in the village. 你可以看到村子里一排排的新房子。
in one's opinion 在某人看来 In opinion, the changes are amazing. 在我看来,这些变化令人惊叹。
in fact 事实上 In , there have been lots of changes. 事实上,已经发生了很多变化。
第三部分 语法讲解
现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
现在完成时是本单元的核心语法项目,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
3.1 现在完成时的构成
基本结构:have/has + 过去分词 (past participle)
肯定句 I/You/We/They have + 过去分词 He/She/It has + 过去分词
否定句 I/You/We/They have not (haven't) + 过去分词 He/She/It has not (hasn't) + 过去分词
一般疑问句 Have I/you/we/they + 过去分词... Has he/she/it + 过去分词...
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词...
例句:
●I just out many things about Shenzhen.
我刚刚了解到很多关于深圳的事情。
●He there since he finished college.
自从大学毕业后他就住在那里。
● you to Shenzhen before
你以前去过深圳吗?
●Transport also a lot.
交通也改善了很多。
3.2 现在完成时的用法
用法一:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
这种用法强调过去的动作与现在的联系,常与already, yet, just, ever, never等时间状语连用。
●I my mobile phone. (我现在没有手机。)
●She already her homework. (她现在已经完成作业了。)
● you ever to Beijing (你曾经去过北京吗?)
用法二:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态
这种用法强调动作的持续性,常与for + 时间段或since + 时间点/从句连用。
●He here for ten years. (他在这里住了十年了。)
●I her since we were children. (从小我就认识她。)
●Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen at an amazing speed.
(自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展。)
用法三:表示到目前为止已经完成的动作次数
这种用法常与表示次数的词语连用,如once, twice, three times, many times等。
●I to Shanghai many times.
(我去过上海很多次。)
●She this book twice.
(这本书她已经读了两遍了。)
3.3 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
对比项 现在完成时 一般过去时
时间关系 与现在有联系 与现在无联系,只表示过去
时间状语 already, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago
侧重点 强调对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作 强调过去某个时间发生的动作
例句 I my key. (我现在进不去。) I my key yesterday. (只说明昨天丢了钥匙)
3.4 不规则动词表(常用常考类)
现在完成时中需要使用过去分词,以下是不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式:
原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
be was/were been 是
have had had 有
do did done 做
go went gone 去
come came come 来
see saw seen 看见
find found found 发现
get got got/gotten 得到
make made made 制造
take took taken 拿,乘坐
know knew known 知道
think thought thought 想,认为
fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给
write wrote written 写
begin began begun 开始
build built built 建造
buy bought bought 买
change changed changed 改变
develop developed developed 发展
第四部分 语法练习
通过以下练习巩固现在完成时的用法。
练习一:用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. My father __________ (work) in this factory for 20 years.
2. __________ you ever __________ (be) to Beijing
3. I __________ (not see) him since last Monday.
4. She __________ just __________ (finish) her homework.
5. Shenzhen __________ (change) a lot over the years.
6. They __________ (live) here since they got married.
7. __________ he __________ (return) the book to the library yet
8. We __________ (not visit) the new museum yet.
9. How long __________ you __________ (know) each other
10. The city __________ (develop) at an amazing speed since the 1980s.
练习二:句型转换
将下列句子改为现在完成时,并正确使用already, yet, ever, never等词。
He went to Shanghai last year. (用ever改写为疑问句)
.
She bought a new car. (用just)
.
I didn't see that film. (用never)
.
Did you finish your work (用yet)
.
They moved to Beijing in 2010. (用since, 注意动词变化)
.
练习三:翻译句子
自从2000年以来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
.
你以前去过长城吗?
.
我还没完成我的作业。
.
他已经在这个公司工作了十年。
.
深圳自20世纪70年代末以来发展迅速。
.
第五部分 书面表达
写作话题:家乡的变化
一、话题分析
本单元的写作话题是“家乡的变化”,要求描述家乡在过去几年中发生的变化。这类作文通常需要:
1. 介绍家乡的过去情况
2. 描述现在的变化(交通、环境、建筑、生活等方面)
3. 表达对变化的感受和对未来的期望
二、高分词组与表达
类别 高分表达
开篇 Great changes have taken place in...
In the past few years, ... has changed a lot.
描述过去 used to be...
in the past
fifty years ago
描述现在 nowadays
at present
these days
具体变化 The roads have become wider.
New buildings have been built.
The environment has improved.
表达感受 I feel proud of...
I am amazed at...
I feel hopeful about the future.
结尾 I believe... will become better and better.
I love my hometown more than ever.
三、参考范文
The Changes in My Hometown
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years. It has become a modern and beautiful city.
In the past, my hometown was a small town with narrow and muddy roads. The houses were old and small. People used to go to work by bike or on foot because there were few buses. The environment was not very good, and there was rubbish lying in the streets.
However, things have changed a lot nowadays. The government has built wide and clean roads. Many tall buildings have been built. People can take buses or drive their own cars to work. The environment has improved a lot. There are many green trees and beautiful flowers along the streets. People have built new houses and their living conditions have become much better.
I feel proud of the changes in my hometown. I feel hopeful about the future. I believe my hometown will become better and better. I love my hometown more than ever.
四、写作模板
开头段:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years. It has become a _______ and _______ city.
过去段:
In the past, my hometown used to be _______. The roads were _______. The houses were _______. People used to _______.
现在段:
However, things have changed a lot nowadays. The government has _______. People can _______. The environment has _______.
结尾段:
I feel proud of the changes in my hometown. I feel hopeful about the future. I believe my hometown will become better and better.
第六部分 知识导图
以下是本单元知识要点的思维导图式总结,帮助你系统梳理和记忆本单元内容。
Unit 1 主题:Past and Present(过去与现在)
话题 ● 城市变化(深圳的发展)
● 交通变迁(高铁、地铁、公交)
● 乡村发展(星光村的变化)
● 个人经历(家乡的变化)
核心词汇 ● 交通类:underground, speed, high-speed train, transport
● 变化类:change, development, improve, pioneer
● 描述类:crowded, convenient, excellent, wide, hopeful
● 其他:wealth, industry, technology, citizen, creativity
重点词组 ● used to do sth 过去常常做某事
● at the heart of 在……的核心
● a wealth of 大量的
● make a living 谋生
● fall in love with 爱上
● take place 发生
● the key to ……的关键
语法 ● 现在完成时:have/has + 过去分词
● 用法1:过去动作对现在的影响(already, yet, just, ever, never)
● 用法2:从过去持续到现在的动作(since, for)
● 用法3:到目前为止完成的次数
● 不规则动词表
写作 ● 话题:家乡的变化
● 结构:过去 → 现在 → 感受
● 高分表达:Great changes have taken place...
● 连接词:in the past, nowadays, however

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