人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

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人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

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人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature知识清单
一、核心词汇词形变换(彩色标注版)
颜色标注说明:蓝色:名词(n.)绿色:形容词(adj.)橙色:副词(adv.)
wonder/ w nd (r)/,n./v.:奇观;想知道 → wonderful adj.:奇妙的,形容事物特质;→ wonderfully adv.:奇妙地,修饰动作 / 状态
survive /s va v/,v.:生存;存活→ survival n.:生存,指 “存活的状态 / 过程”;→ survivor n.:幸存者,指 “存活的人 / 生物”;→ survivable adj.:可存活的,形容环境 / 条件
attract / tr kt/,v.:吸引;引起兴趣 → attraction n.:吸引力;景点,如 “natural attractions 自然景点”;→ attractive adj.:有吸引力的,形容人 / 事
protect /pr tekt/,v.:保护;防护→ protection n.:保护,指 “保护的行为 / 状态”;→ protective adj.:防护的,如 “protective clothing 防护服”
bamboo / b m bu /,n.:竹子→ bamboo n.:复数,泛指 “竹子” 时不变形;→ bamboos n.:复数,特指 “不同种类的竹子”
risk /r sk/,n./v.:风险;冒风险 → risky adj.:有风险的,如 “risky behavior 冒险行为”;→ riskily adv.:冒险地,修饰 “冒险的动作”
tiny / ta ni/,adj.:极小的;微小的→ tinier adj.:比较级,更微小的;→ tiniest adj.:最高级,最微小的
measure / me (r)/,v./n.:测量;尺寸;措施 → measurement n.:测量;度量,指 “测量的结果 / 过程”); → measurable(adj.:可测量的,如 “measurable changes 可测量的变化”)
stress /stres/,n./v.:压力;强调→ stressful adj.:有压力的,形容 “令人压力大的事物”,如 “stressful work 有压力的工作”;→ stressed adj.:感到压力的,形容 “人的感受”,如 “feel stressed 感到压力大”
communicate /k mju n ke t/,v.:交流;沟通 → communication n.:交流;沟通,如 “face-to-face communication 面对面沟通”;→ communicative adj.:善于沟通的,形容 “愿意交流的人”
explain / k sple n/,v.:解释;说明 → explanation n.:解释;说明,指 “解释的内容”,如 “give an explanation 给出解释”
argue / ɑ ɡju /,v.:争论;争辩 → argument n.:争论;论点,如 “have an argument 发生争论”
offer / f (r)/,v./n.:提供;提议;报价→ offering n.:提供的事物;祭品,如 “job offerings 工作机会”
refuse /r fju z/,v.:拒绝;/ refju s/,n.:垃圾 → refusal n.:拒绝,指 “拒绝的行为”,如 “a refusal to help 拒绝帮忙”
solve /s lv/,v.:解决;解答 → solution n.:解决办法;答案,如 “a solution to the problem 问题的解决方案”
advise / d va z/,v.:建议;劝告 advise → advice n.:建议,不可数名词,如 “give advice 提建议”;→ advisable adj.:明智的,如 “It’s advisable to do sth. 做某事是明智的”
develop /d vel p/,v.:发展;培养;开发 → development n.:发展;发育,如 “the development of technology 科技的发展”;→ developed adj.:发达的,如 “developed countries 发达国家”;→ developing adj.:发展中的,如 “developing countries 发展中国家”
usual / ju u l/,adj.:通常的;平常的→ usually adv.:通常;平常,修饰动作;→ unusual adj.:不寻常的,反义词,如 “unusual weather 不寻常的天气”
compare /k m pe (r)/,v.:比较;对比 → comparison n.:比较;对比,如 “make a comparison 进行比较”; → comparable adj.:可比较的,形容 “能对比的事物”
achieve / t i v/,v.:实现;达到目标 → achievement n.:成就;实现,如 “great achievements 伟大的成就”
二、重要词组搭配
1. wonder(n./v.)
搭配1:wonder at sth. :对某事感到惊讶
例句:We wonder at the growth speed of bamboo.(我们对竹子的生长速度感到惊讶。)
搭配2:wonder how/what/when... :想知道如何/什么/何时……
例句:She wonders what natural wonders exist in Africa.(她想知道非洲有哪些自然奇观。)
搭配3:natural wonders of the world:世界自然奇观
例句:Mount Qomolangma is one of the natural wonders of the world.
(珠穆朗玛峰是世界自然奇观之一。)
2. survive(v.)
搭配1:survive in + 环境 :在……环境中存活
例句:Some animals can only survive in cold forests.
(有些动物只能在寒冷的森林中存活。)
搭配2:survive on + 食物 :靠……食物存活
例句:Pandas survive mainly on bamboo.(熊猫主要靠竹子存活。)
搭配3:survive the + 灾难 :从……灾难中幸存
例句:Few people survived the big flood.(很少有人从那场大洪水中幸存。)
protect(v.)
搭配1:protect sb./sth. from sth. :保护某人/某物免受……伤害
例句:We should protect animals from being hunted.(我们应该保护动物免受猎杀。)
搭配2:give protection to sb./sth. :给某人/某物提供保护
例句:The government gives protection to rare plants.(政府为稀有植物提供保护。)
搭配3:protect the environment :保护环境
例句:Everyone has a duty to protect the environment.(每个人都有保护环境的责任。)
4. risk(n./v.)
搭配1:risk doing sth.:冒险做某事(注:后接动名词,不接不定式)
例句:You shouldn’t risk climbing mountains alone.(你不该冒险独自爬山。)
搭配2:take a risk :冒险
例句:He took a risk to save the drowning child.(他冒险救了那个溺水的孩子。)
搭配3:at the risk of + 名词/doing :冒着……的风险
例句:She spoke at the risk of offending her boss.(她冒着得罪老板的风险发了言。)
5. measure(v./n.)
搭配1:measure the height/length of sth. :测量某物的高度/长度
例句:Scientists measure the length of the river every year.
(科学家每年测量这条河的长度。)
搭配2:take measures to do sth.:采取措施做某事
例句:We must take measures to stop pollution.(我们必须采取措施阻止污染。)
attract v. 吸引;招引;引起(反应)
搭配1:attract sb./sth. 吸引某人/某物
例句:Lake Baikal still attracts many curious travellers every year.
(贝加尔湖每年仍吸引着许多好奇的旅行者。)
搭配2:attract one's attention 引起某人的注意
例句:The colourful fish in the Great Barrier Reef attracted the explorers' attention.
(大堡礁里色彩斑斓的鱼引起了探险者们的注意。)
搭配3:be attracted to sth. 被某物吸引
例句:Many people are attracted to the amazing natural wonders of the world.
(许多人被世界上令人惊叹的自然奇观所吸引。)
7. include v. 包含;包括
搭配1:include sth. in sth. 把某物包含在某物中
例句:The Great Barrier Reef includes over 900 islands and white sand beaches.
(大堡礁包含900多个岛屿和白色沙滩。)
搭配2:including prep. 包括……在内(后接名词/代词)
例句:Many animals, including turtles and sharks, live in the Great Barrier Reef.
(许多动物,包括海龟和鲨鱼,生活在大堡礁。)
搭配3:be included 被包含在内
例句:All the natural wonders mentioned in the text are included in our test scope.
(课文中提到的所有自然奇观都包含在我们的考查范围内。)
易错提示:include为动词,including为介词,不可单独作谓语
例如:The team has 5 climbers, including 2 women.
8. determined adj. 有决心的;坚决的
搭配1:be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
例句:A Chinese climbing team was determined to climb Mount Qomolangma from the northern side.(一支中国登山队决心从北侧攀登珠穆朗玛峰。)
搭配2:a determined look 坚定的表情
例句:He had a determined look when he decided to risk his life to climb the cliff.
(当他决定冒着生命危险攀登悬崖时,脸上露出了坚定的神情。)
搭配3:be determined that... 决心……(从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形)
例句:The researchers were determined that they should finish the research on Lake Baikal.
(研究人员决心完成对贝加尔湖的研究。)
词形变换:determine v. 决定;决心;determination n. 决心;毅力
9. dive v.&n. 潜水;跳水;俯冲
搭配1:dive into 潜入(水中/某处)
例句:China's Fendouzhe dived into the deep sea and reached over 10,000 metres.
(中国的“奋斗者”号潜入深海,下潜深度超过10000米。)
搭配2:go diving 去潜水
例句:You can go diving in the Great Barrier Reef and see beautiful coral.
(你可以去大堡礁潜水,观赏美丽的珊瑚。)
搭配3:dive deep 深潜
例句:If you dive deep in the Mariana Trench, you will see unusual deep-sea animals.
(如果你在马里亚纳海沟深潜,会看到奇特的深海动物。)
词形变换:diver n. 潜水员;diving n. 潜水运动
10. located adj. 位于;坐落在
搭配1:be located in/on/at 位于……(in接大地点,on接海岸/边境,at接小地点)
例句:The Great Barrier Reef is located on the northeastern coast of Australia.
(大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸。)
搭配2:be located near... 位于……附近
例句:Lake Baikal is located near Siberia, Russia.(贝加尔湖位于俄罗斯西伯利亚附近。)
搭配3:be located between...and... 位于……和……之间
例句:The East African Rift Valley is located between several African countries.
(东非大裂谷位于非洲多个国家之间。)
易错提示:固定用法为“be located+介词”,不能直接用located作谓语
:The city located in the south; :The city is located in the south)。
11. research v.&n. 研究;调查
搭配1:do research on sth. 对某物进行研究
例句:A Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research in 1975.
(1975年,一支中国队伍登上珠穆朗玛峰进行研究。)
搭配2:carry out research 开展研究
例句:Scientists are carrying out research on deep-sea animals.
(科学家们正在开展对深海动物的研究。)
搭配3:research into sth. 深入研究某物
例句:They are doing further research into the structure of the coral reef.
(他们正在对珊瑚礁的结构进行深入研究。)
易错提示:research为不可数名词,不能加s( :do researches; :do research)。
12. 单元高频固定词组
搭配1:bit by bit 一点一点地;逐渐地
例句:Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up and passed the Second Step.
(登山队员们一点一点地向上爬,穿过了第二台阶。)
搭配2:by all means 无论如何;务必
例句:We should protect the Yellow River and the Nile by all means.
(我们务必保护好黄河和尼罗河。)
搭配3:the dream of a lifetime 一生的梦想
例句:Visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime for ocean lovers.
(对海洋爱好者来说,参观大堡礁是一生的梦想。)
搭配4:take up an area of 占地面积为……
例句:The Great Barrier Reef takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres.
(大堡礁占地面积为345000平方千米。)
搭配5:deal with 处理;应对
例句:Climbers must deal with thin air and changeable weather on Mount Qomolangma.
(登山队员必须应对珠穆朗玛峰上稀薄的空气和多变的天气。)
三、课文中词组短语一览表
(一)专有名词
1. Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
2. Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠
3. Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁
4. bamboo forest 竹林
5. folding fan 折扇
6. Mariana Trench 马里亚纳海沟
7. Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖
(二)核心短语
8. one of the oldest plants 最古老的植物之一
9. one of the fastest-growing plants 生长最快的植物之一
10. the largest and oldest bamboo forest 最大最古老的竹林
11. natural scenery 自然风光
12. above sea level 海平面以上
13. below sea level 海平面以下
14. measure the height/length 测量高度/长度
15. risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事
16. take a tour of natural wonders 游览自然奇观
17. learn about natural wonders 了解自然奇观
18. be located in 位于;坐落在
19. protect...from... 保护……免受……伤害
20. take measures to protect 采取措施保护
21. protect farms by eating insects 通过吃昆虫保护农场
22. preserve natural wonders 保护自然奇观
23. a symbol of virtue 美德的象征(特指竹子)
四、语法重点(详细讲解+易错点)
(一)形容词和副词的比较级与最高级(单元核心语法)
1. 定义与用法
比较级用于两者之间比较,表“更……”;最高级用于三者及以上比较,表“最……”。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前the可省略;常用范围状语in/of/among...,也可用于“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构。
形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的变化规则
单音节词和部分双音节词:
词尾加-er(比较级)/ -est(最高级)(例:fast-faster-fastest, high-higher-highest);
以e结尾的词:
词尾加-r(比较级)/ -st(最高级)(例:nice-nicer-nicest, large-larger-largest);
重读闭音节词(辅元辅结构):
双写尾字母加-er/-est(例:big-bigger-biggest, tiny-tinier-tiniest);
以“辅音字母+y”结尾:
变y为i加-er/-est(例:easy-easier-easiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest);
多音节词和部分双音节词:
前加more(比较级)/ most(最高级)(例:wonderful-more wonderful-most wonderful, quickly-more quickly-most quickly)。
不规则变化(背熟):
good/well→better→best(好/好地);
bad/badly/ill→worse→worst(坏/坏地/生病的);
many/much→more→most(多);
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest(远)。
4. 常用句型
1). A + be + 比较级 + than + B (A比B更……)
例句:Bamboo grows faster than many other plants.(竹子比许多其他植物长得快。)
2).A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围状语 (A是……中最……的)
例句:Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
(珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。)
3).one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 (最……之一)
例句:Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants in the world.
(竹子是世界上生长最快的植物之一。)
4).特殊疑问词 + be + 比较级/最高级 (……更/最……?)
例句:Which animal runs the fastest (哪种动物跑得最快?)
5. 易错点提醒
① 最高级前必须加the(副词除外),且必须接范围状语 :It is tallest building. :It is the tallest building in the city. ② 不规则变化需单独记忆,不可套用规则变化; ③ “one of the + 最高级”后必须接复数名词,谓语动词用单数。
(二)how引导的特殊疑问句
1. 核心结构:How + 形容词(high/deep/long/wide/tall)+ be + 主语?(询问高度/深度/长度/宽度/身高)
例句:
How high is Mount Qomolangma — It's 8,848.86 metres high.
(珠穆朗玛峰有多高?——它高8848.86米。)
How long does bamboo grow in a day — It can grow nearly one metre a day.
(竹子一天能长多长?——它一天能长近一米。)
How deep is the Mariana Trench — It's about 11,000 metres deep.
(马里亚纳海沟有多深?——大约11000米深。)
易错点:询问“长度”时用how long,不可用how far(how far侧重“距离远近”)。
五、重要表达(口语+句型)
(一). 谈论自然奇观
Bamboo is one of the most useful plants. 竹子是最有用的植物之一。
Do you have any idea about the largest bamboo forest 你知道最大的竹林吗?
The Great Barrier Reef is a famous natural wonder. 大堡礁是著名的自然奇观。
(二). 表达观点与认同
I completely agree with you that we should protect natural wonders.
我完全同意你说的我们应该保护自然奇观。
I think bamboo is a symbol of virtue in China. 我认为竹子在中国是美德的象征。
Sounds fun to visit the folding fan museum. 去折扇博物馆听起来很有趣。
(三).询问与回答度量
How tall is this bamboo — It's about 20 metres tall. 这棵竹子有多高?——大约20米高。
How fast does bamboo grow — It grows nearly one metre a day.
竹子长得有多快?——一天长近一米。
(四). 生态保护建议
We should take measures to protect bamboo forests. 我们应该采取措施保护竹林。
Don't cut down too many bamboos. 不要砍伐太多竹子。
(五)核心句型表达(书面+口语通用)
主语 + be + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + 范围状语. (某物是……中最……之一)
例句:Bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings.
(竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的题材之一。)
主语 + 动词 + 数字 + 单位 + 时间/长度. (某物每……/长……)
例句:This kind of bamboo grows nearly one metre a day.
(这种竹子一天长近一米。)
主语 + protect...by doing sth. (某物通过做某事保护……)
例句:Some birds protect farms by eating insects.
(有些鸟类通过吃昆虫保护农场。)
It is + 形容词 + to do sth. (做某事是……的)
例句:It is important to protect natural wonders.
(保护自然奇观是重要的。)
Which + 名词 + 动词 + 比较级/最高级? (哪种……更/最……?)
例句:Which animal runs the fastest in the world
(世界上哪种动物跑得最快?)
六、书面表达指导
(一)写作任务分析
单元书面表达高频主题:介绍一种自然奇观(如竹子、珠穆朗玛峰)或提出保护自然奇观的建议,词数80-100词。核心要求:内容贴合自然主题,运用比较级/最高级句型,逻辑清晰,语法正确。
(二)写作步骤指导
1. 审题立意:明确写作对象(自然奇观/保护建议),确定核心要点(奇观的特点/保护措施),语气客观说明或诚恳建议。
2. 结构框架:
开头段:点明写作对象,简要介绍其地位(Bamboo is one of the most useful and fastest-growing plants in the world.);
中间段:描述核心特点(生长速度、用途、象征意义)或分点提保护措施,结合比较级/最高级;
结尾段:总结价值或发出呼吁(We should protect it and make it live with us harmoniously.)。
(三)高分素材补充
1. 高分词汇
描述景物或者自然奇观常用的形容词:
spectacular(壮观的)、unique(独特的)、useful(有用的)、harmonious(和谐的);
呼吁行动或者描写植物生成象征的动词:
preserve(保护,比protect高级)、grow(生长)、symbolize(象征,比be a symbol of高级);
描写风景或者风格的名词:
scenery(风景,比view高级)、virtue(美德)、growth(生长,名词形式)。
2. 高分词组
a symbol of virtue 美德的象征;
the fastest-growing plant 生长最快的植物;
take effective measures 采取有效措施;
Chinese painting subjects 中国画题材;
protect...from being destroyed 保护……不被破坏。
(四)参考范文
题目:介绍竹子这种特殊植物,说明其特点和价值,词数80-100。
参考范文:
Bamboo is one of the most useful and fastest-growing plants in the world. It can grow nearly one metre a day and is widely found in China.
As a symbol of virtue in China, bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings. It is also helpful to humans and animals: some animals survive on it, and it can protect farms by eating insects. Besides, people make folding fans and other things from it.
Bamboo is precious. We should take measures to protect bamboo forests and let it serve us better.
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人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature知识清单
一、核心词汇词形变换(彩色标注版)
颜色标注说明:蓝色:名词(n.)绿色:形容词(adj.)橙色:副词(adv.)
wonder/ w nd (r)/,n./v.:奇观;想知道 → adj.:奇妙的,形容事物特质;
→ adv.:奇妙地,修饰动作 / 状态
survive /s va v/,v.:生存;存活→ n.:生存,指 “存活的状态 / 过程”;
→ n.:幸存者,指 “存活的人 / 生物”;→ adj.:可存活的,形容环境 / 条件
attract / tr kt/,v.:吸引;引起兴趣 → n.:吸引力;景点,如 “natural attractions 自然景点”;→ adj.:有吸引力的,形容人 / 事
protect /pr tekt/,v.:保护;防护→ n.:保护,指 “保护的行为 / 状态”;
→ adj.:防护的,如 “protective clothing 防护服”
bamboo / b m bu /,n.:竹子→ n.:复数,泛指 “竹子” 时不变形;→ n.:复数,特指 “不同种类的竹子”
risk /r sk/,n./v.:风险;冒风险 → adj.:有风险的,如 “risky behavior 冒险行为”;→ adv.:冒险地,修饰 “冒险的动作”
tiny / ta ni/,adj.:极小的;微小的→ adj.:比较级,更微小的;→ adj.:最高级,最微小的
measure / me (r)/,v./n.:测量;尺寸;措施 → n.:测量;度量,指 “测量的结果 / 过程”); → (adj.:可测量的,如 “measurable changes 可测量的变化”)
stress /stres/,n./v.:压力;强调→ adj.:有压力的,形容 “令人压力大的事物”,如 “stressful work 有压力的工作”;→ adj.:感到压力的,形容 “人的感受”,如 “feel stressed 感到压力大”
communicate /k mju n ke t/,v.:交流;沟通 → n.:交流;沟通,如 “face-to-face communication 面对面沟通”;→ adj.:善于沟通的,形容 “愿意交流的人”
explain / k sple n/,v.:解释;说明 → n.:解释;说明,指 “解释的内容”,如 “give an explanation 给出解释”
argue / ɑ ɡju /,v.:争论;争辩 → n.:争论;论点,如 “have an argument 发生争论”
offer / f (r)/,v./n.:提供;提议;报价→ n.:提供的事物;祭品,如 “job offerings 工作机会”
refuse /r fju z/,v.:拒绝;/ refju s/,n.:垃圾 → n.:拒绝,指 “拒绝的行为”,如 “a refusal to help 拒绝帮忙”
solve /s lv/,v.:解决;解答 → n.:解决办法;答案,如 “a solution to the problem 问题的解决方案”
advise / d va z/,v.:建议;劝告 advise → n.:建议,不可数名词,如 “give advice 提建议”;→ adj.:明智的,如 “It’s advisable to do sth. 做某事是明智的”
develop /d vel p/,v.:发展;培养;开发 → n.:发展;发育,如 “the development of technology 科技的发展”;→ adj.:发达的,如 “developed countries 发达国家”;→ adj.:发展中的,如 “developing countries 发展中国家”
usual / ju u l/,adj.:通常的;平常的→ adv.:通常;平常,修饰动作;
→ adj.:不寻常的,反义词,如 “unusual weather 不寻常的天气”
compare /k m pe (r)/,v.:比较;对比 → n.:比较;对比,如 “make a comparison 进行比较”; → adj.:可比较的,形容 “能对比的事物”
achieve / t i v/,v.:实现;达到目标 → n.:成就;实现,如 “great achievements 伟大的成就”
二、重要词组搭配
1. wonder(n./v.)
搭配1:wonder at sth. :对某事感到惊讶
例句:We the growth speed of bamboo.(我们对竹子的生长速度感到惊讶。)
搭配2:wonder how/what/when... :想知道如何/什么/何时……
例句:She natural wonders exist in Africa.(她想知道非洲有哪些自然奇观。)
搭配3:natural wonders of the world:世界自然奇观
例句:Mount Qomolangma is one of the of the world.
(珠穆朗玛峰是世界自然奇观之一。)
2. survive(v.)
搭配1:survive in + 环境 :在……环境中存活
例句:Some animals can only cold forests.
(有些动物只能在寒冷的森林中存活。)
搭配2:survive on + 食物 :靠……食物存活
例句:Pandas mainly bamboo.(熊猫主要靠竹子存活。)
搭配3:survive the + 灾难 :从……灾难中幸存
例句:Few people the big flood.(很少有人从那场大洪水中幸存。)
protect(v.)
搭配1:protect sb./sth. from sth. :保护某人/某物免受……伤害
例句:We should animals being hunted.(我们应该保护动物免受猎杀。)
搭配2:give protection to sb./sth. :给某人/某物提供保护
例句:The government protection rare plants.(政府为稀有植物提供保护。)
搭配3:protect the environment :保护环境
例句:Everyone a duty to the environment.(每个人都有保护环境的责任。)
4. risk(n./v.)
搭配1:risk doing sth.:冒险做某事(注:后接动名词,不接不定式)
例句:You shouldn’t risk mountains alone.(你不该冒险独自爬山。)
搭配2:take a risk :冒险
例句:He a to save the drowning child.(他冒险救了那个溺水的孩子。)
搭配3:at the risk of + 名词/doing :冒着……的风险
例句:She spoke at the risk of her boss.(她冒着得罪老板的风险发了言。)
5. measure(v./n.)
搭配1:measure the height/length of sth. :测量某物的高度/长度
例句:Scientists the of the river every year.
(科学家每年测量这条河的长度。)
搭配2:take measures to do sth.:采取措施做某事
例句:We must to stop pollution.(我们必须采取措施阻止污染。)
attract v. 吸引;招引;引起(反应)
搭配1:attract sb./sth. 吸引某人/某物
例句:Lake Baikal still many curious travellers every year.
(贝加尔湖每年仍吸引着许多好奇的旅行者。)
搭配2:attract one's attention 引起某人的注意
例句:The colourful fish in the Great Barrier Reef the attention.
(大堡礁里色彩斑斓的鱼引起了探险者们的注意。)
搭配3:be attracted to sth. 被某物吸引
例句:Many people the amazing natural wonders of the world.
(许多人被世界上令人惊叹的自然奇观所吸引。)
7. include v. 包含;包括
搭配1:include sth. in sth. 把某物包含在某物中
例句:The Great Barrier Reef over 900 islands and white sand beaches.
(大堡礁包含900多个岛屿和白色沙滩。)
搭配2:including prep. 包括……在内(后接名词/代词)
例句:Many animals, turtles and sharks, live in the Great Barrier Reef.
(许多动物,包括海龟和鲨鱼,生活在大堡礁。)
搭配3:be included 被包含在内
例句:All the natural wonders mentioned in the text our test scope.
(课文中提到的所有自然奇观都包含在我们的考查范围内。)
易错提示:include为动词,including为介词,不可单独作谓语
例如:The team has 5 climbers, including 2 women.
8. determined adj. 有决心的;坚决的
搭配1:be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
例句:A Chinese climbing team determined Mount Qomolangma from the northern side.(一支中国登山队决心从北侧攀登珠穆朗玛峰。)
搭配2:a determined look 坚定的表情
例句:He a look when he decided to risk his life to climb the cliff.
(当他决定冒着生命危险攀登悬崖时,脸上露出了坚定的神情。)
搭配3:be determined that... 决心……(从句用虚拟语气should+动词原形)
例句:The researchers determined they should finish the research on Lake Baikal.
(研究人员决心完成对贝加尔湖的研究。)
词形变换:determine v. 决定;决心;determination n. 决心;毅力
9. dive v.&n. 潜水;跳水;俯冲
搭配1:dive into 潜入(水中/某处)
例句:China's Fendouzhe the deep sea and reached over 10,000 metres.
(中国的“奋斗者”号潜入深海,下潜深度超过10000米。)
搭配2:go diving 去潜水
例句:You can in the Great Barrier Reef and see beautiful coral.
(你可以去大堡礁潜水,观赏美丽的珊瑚。)
搭配3:dive deep 深潜
例句:If you in the Mariana Trench, you will see unusual deep-sea animals.
(如果你在马里亚纳海沟深潜,会看到奇特的深海动物。)
词形变换:diver n. 潜水员;diving n. 潜水运动
10. located adj. 位于;坐落在
搭配1:be located in/on/at 位于……(in接大地点,on接海岸/边境,at接小地点)
例句:The Great Barrier Reef the northeastern coast of Australia.
(大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸。)
搭配2:be located near... 位于……附近
例句:Lake Baikal is near Siberia, Russia.(贝加尔湖位于俄罗斯西伯利亚附近。)
搭配3:be located between...and... 位于……和……之间
例句:The East African Rift Valley several African countries.
(东非大裂谷位于非洲多个国家之间。)
易错提示:固定用法为“be located+介词”,不能直接用located作谓语
:The city located in the south; :The city is located in the south)。
11. research v.&n. 研究;调查
搭配1:do research on sth. 对某物进行研究
例句:A Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to in 1975.
(1975年,一支中国队伍登上珠穆朗玛峰进行研究。)
搭配2:carry out research 开展研究
例句:Scientists are research on deep-sea animals.
(科学家们正在开展对深海动物的研究。)
搭配3:research into sth. 深入研究某物
例句:They are doing further research the structure of the coral reef.
(他们正在对珊瑚礁的结构进行深入研究。)
易错提示:research为不可数名词,不能加s( :do researches; :do research)。
12. 单元高频固定词组
搭配1:bit by bit 一点一点地;逐渐地
例句: , the climbers pulled themselves up and passed the Second Step.
(登山队员们一点一点地向上爬,穿过了第二台阶。)
搭配2:by all means 无论如何;务必
例句:We should protect the Yellow River and the Nile all .
(我们务必保护好黄河和尼罗河。)
搭配3:the dream of a lifetime 一生的梦想
例句:Visiting the Great Barrier Reef is a lifetime for ocean lovers.
(对海洋爱好者来说,参观大堡礁是一生的梦想。)
搭配4:take up an area of 占地面积为……
例句:The Great Barrier Reef an area of 345,000 square kilometres.
(大堡礁占地面积为345000平方千米。)
搭配5:deal with 处理;应对
例句:Climbers must thin air and changeable weather on Mount Qomolangma.
(登山队员必须应对珠穆朗玛峰上稀薄的空气和多变的天气。)
三、课文中词组短语一览表
(一)专有名词
1. Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
2. Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠
3. Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁
4. bamboo forest 竹林
5. folding fan 折扇
6. Mariana Trench 马里亚纳海沟
7. Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖
(二)核心短语
8. one of the oldest plants 最古老的植物之一
9. one of the fastest-growing plants 生长最快的植物之一
10. the largest and oldest bamboo forest 最大最古老的竹林
11. natural scenery 自然风光
12. above sea level 海平面以上
13. below sea level 海平面以下
14. measure the height/length 测量高度/长度
15. risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事
16. take a tour of natural wonders 游览自然奇观
17. learn about natural wonders 了解自然奇观
18. be located in 位于;坐落在
19. protect...from... 保护……免受……伤害
20. take measures to protect 采取措施保护
21. protect farms by eating insects 通过吃昆虫保护农场
22. preserve natural wonders 保护自然奇观
23. a symbol of virtue 美德的象征(特指竹子)
四、语法重点(详细讲解+易错点)
(一)形容词和副词的比较级与最高级(单元核心语法)
1. 定义与用法
比较级用于两者之间比较,表“更……”;最高级用于三者及以上比较,表“最……”。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前the可省略;常用范围状语in/of/among...,也可用于“one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构。
形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的变化规则
单音节词和部分双音节词:
词尾加-er(比较级)/ -est(最高级)(例:fast-faster-fastest, high-higher-highest);
以e结尾的词:
词尾加-r(比较级)/ -st(最高级)(例:nice-nicer-nicest, large-larger-largest);
重读闭音节词(辅元辅结构):
双写尾字母加-er/-est(例:big-bigger-biggest, tiny-tinier-tiniest);
以“辅音字母+y”结尾:
变y为i加-er/-est(例:easy-easier-easiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest);
多音节词和部分双音节词:
前加more(比较级)/ most(最高级)(例:wonderful-more wonderful-most wonderful, quickly-more quickly-most quickly)。
不规则变化(背熟):
good/well→better→best(好/好地);
bad/badly/ill→worse→worst(坏/坏地/生病的);
many/much→more→most(多);
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest(远)。
4. 常用句型
1). A + be + 比较级 + than + B (A比B更……)
例句:Bamboo grows faster than many other plants.(竹子比许多其他植物长得快。)
2).A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围状语 (A是……中最……的)
例句:Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
(珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。)
3).one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 (最……之一)
例句:Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants in the world.
(竹子是世界上生长最快的植物之一。)
4).特殊疑问词 + be + 比较级/最高级 (……更/最……?)
例句:Which animal runs the fastest (哪种动物跑得最快?)
5. 易错点提醒
① 最高级前必须加the(副词除外),且必须接范围状语 :It is tallest building. :It is the tallest building in the city. ② 不规则变化需单独记忆,不可套用规则变化; ③ “one of the + 最高级”后必须接复数名词,谓语动词用单数。
(二)how引导的特殊疑问句
1. 核心结构:How + 形容词(high/deep/long/wide/tall)+ be + 主语?(询问高度/深度/长度/宽度/身高)
例句:
How high is Mount Qomolangma — It's 8,848.86 metres high.
(珠穆朗玛峰有多高?——它高8848.86米。)
How long does bamboo grow in a day — It can grow nearly one metre a day.
(竹子一天能长多长?——它一天能长近一米。)
How deep is the Mariana Trench — It's about 11,000 metres deep.
(马里亚纳海沟有多深?——大约11000米深。)
易错点:询问“长度”时用how long,不可用how far(how far侧重“距离远近”)。
五、重要表达(口语+句型)
(一). 谈论自然奇观
Bamboo is one of the most useful plants. 竹子是最有用的植物之一。
Do you have any idea about the largest bamboo forest 你知道最大的竹林吗?
The Great Barrier Reef is a famous natural wonder. 大堡礁是著名的自然奇观。
(二). 表达观点与认同
I completely agree with you that we should protect natural wonders.
我完全同意你说的我们应该保护自然奇观。
I think bamboo is a symbol of virtue in China. 我认为竹子在中国是美德的象征。
Sounds fun to visit the folding fan museum. 去折扇博物馆听起来很有趣。
(三).询问与回答度量
How tall is this bamboo — It's about 20 metres tall. 这棵竹子有多高?——大约20米高。
How fast does bamboo grow — It grows nearly one metre a day.
竹子长得有多快?——一天长近一米。
(四). 生态保护建议
We should take measures to protect bamboo forests. 我们应该采取措施保护竹林。
Don't cut down too many bamboos. 不要砍伐太多竹子。
(五)核心句型表达(书面+口语通用)
主语 + be + one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + 范围状语. (某物是……中最……之一)
例句:Bamboo is one of the most popular in Chinese paintings.
(竹子是中国画中最受欢迎的题材之一。)
主语 + 动词 + 数字 + 单位 + 时间/长度. (某物每……/长……)
例句:This kind of bamboo grows nearly one metre a day.
(这种竹子一天长近一米。)
主语 + protect...by doing sth. (某物通过做某事保护……)
例句:Some birds protect farms by insects.
(有些鸟类通过吃昆虫保护农场。)
It is + 形容词 + to do sth. (做某事是……的)
例句:It is important natural wonders.
(保护自然奇观是重要的。)
Which + 名词 + 动词 + 比较级/最高级? (哪种……更/最……?)
例句:Which animal runs in the world
(世界上哪种动物跑得最快?)
六、书面表达指导
(一)写作任务分析
单元书面表达高频主题:介绍一种自然奇观(如竹子、珠穆朗玛峰)或提出保护自然奇观的建议,词数80-100词。核心要求:内容贴合自然主题,运用比较级/最高级句型,逻辑清晰,语法正确。
(二)写作步骤指导
1. 审题立意:明确写作对象(自然奇观/保护建议),确定核心要点(奇观的特点/保护措施),语气客观说明或诚恳建议。
2. 结构框架:
开头段:点明写作对象,简要介绍其地位(Bamboo is one of the most useful and fastest-growing plants in the world.);
中间段:描述核心特点(生长速度、用途、象征意义)或分点提保护措施,结合比较级/最高级;
结尾段:总结价值或发出呼吁(We should protect it and make it live with us harmoniously.)。
(三)高分素材补充
1. 高分词汇
描述景物或者自然奇观常用的形容词:
spectacular(壮观的)、unique(独特的)、useful(有用的)、harmonious(和谐的);
呼吁行动或者描写植物生成象征的动词:
preserve(保护,比protect高级)、grow(生长)、symbolize(象征,比be a symbol of高级);
描写风景或者风格的名词:
scenery(风景,比view高级)、virtue(美德)、growth(生长,名词形式)。
2. 高分词组
a symbol of virtue 美德的象征;
the fastest-growing plant 生长最快的植物;
take effective measures 采取有效措施;
Chinese painting subjects 中国画题材;
protect...from being destroyed 保护……不被破坏。
(四)参考范文
题目:介绍竹子这种特殊植物,说明其特点和价值,词数80-100。
参考范文:
Bamboo is one of the most useful and fastest-growing plants in the world. It can grow nearly one metre a day and is widely found in China.
As a symbol of virtue in China, bamboo is one of the most popular subjects in Chinese paintings. It is also helpful to humans and animals: some animals survive on it, and it can protect farms by eating insects. Besides, people make folding fans and other things from it.
Bamboo is precious. We should take measures to protect bamboo forests and let it serve us better.

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