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新版牛津英语 八下Unit 3 基础知识
I.重点词汇
1. performance n.表;演出;表现 perform v.表演;表现;执行
2. combine v.组合;联合 combination n.组合;结合combine....with....把.....组合在一起
3. advanced adj. 先进的 advance v.前进;发展;提前 in advance 前;预先
4. intelligence n.智力;智能 intelligent adj.聪明的 artificial intelligence n.人工(AI)
5. hero n.男主人公;男主角 hero n.英雄 -heroes(复数) heroine n.女人公;女主角
6. speech n.讲话;演讲 speak v.演讲 give a speech on..发表关于..的演讲speechless adj.说不出话的
7. warning n. 警告warn v.警告 warn sb. not to do警告某人不要做
8. mind v.当心;注意;介意; n.头脑 mind doing 介意做
9. wave n.海浪;波浪; v.挥手示意 wave one's hand 挥手
10. risk n.危险;风险 risky adj.有风险的
11. advantage n.优点 disadvantage n.缺点
12. effect n.效果 effective adj.有效的 effectively adv.有效地
13. popular adj. 受欢迎的 popularity n. 普及,流行，名气
14. reflect v.反应，反思 reflection n.反应，反思
15. lively adj.活泼的,充满活力的（形容人性格），生动的,逼真的（形容事物艺术），热烈的，有趣的（形容气氛场景）
live v. 居住，生活 adj.活的(动物)，现场直播的 例如：a live show
alive adj.活着的，有生气的，只能做表语，放在系动词后，不能放在名词前 Keep alive 保持活力
living adj. 活的，健在的 living things 生物
II. 重点短语
ink-wash painting水墨画 come to life 显得逼真
with one's help有某人的帮助 with the help of sb在某人的帮助下
watch out小心;留神 watch over 照看;监视
weather forecast 天气预报 life jacket 救生衣
thank goodness谢天谢地 make it幸免于难渡过难关;成功
date back追溯到;始于 have an influence on 对......有影响
folk art 民间艺术 at risk有危险;冒风险
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 either…or…或者…或者 neither…nor…既不…也不
be used to do被用来做 have sth. in common 有…共同之处
in the shape of 呈...形状 take one’s eyes off something 把视线移开
look out小心;当心 look up抬头看;查阅 look into调查 look for 寻找
put 短语
put on 穿上，增加，上演 put off 推迟，延期 put up 张贴，搭建 put down 放下，写下记下
put out 扑灭 put away 把...收起来
I.近义词练习
live 形近词
1.The teacher gave a ______lesson, so all the students were interested.
A. live B. alive C. lively D. living
2. ---Is the old man still_______ ---Yes, he is 100 years old now.
A. alive B. living C. live D. lively
3. There was a_______football match on TV last night.
A. lively B. live C. alive D. living
Me is considered one or the greatest _______writers.
A. alive B. live C. lively D. living
5. The story he told was very_____________(lively/alive).
6. The cat was playing with a _____________(live/alive) mouse.
7. Keep_____________(lively/alive)! We are coming to save you.
put 短语练习
1. She has ________ a lot of weight since she stopped exercising.
A. put on B. put off C. put down D.put away
2. Please________ your name and address on the form.
A.put on B. put off C.put down D. put away
3. The concert was_______ at the last minute due to the singer's illness.
A. put on B.put off C. put out D.put down
4. The theater is_______ a new play next week.
putting on B. putting off C. putting out D.putting down
5. You should _______your tools________in the box after using them.
A. put; on B. put; off C. put; away D.put; out
6. The rain ______the fire, so we didn't need to call the firemen.
A.put on B.put off C. put out D. put down
II.词性转换
I. The actor's ___________(perform) in the play won great praise from the audience.
2. This company has developed___________(advance) technology in artificial intelligence.
3.She is an___________(intelligence) student who can always think of creative ideas.
4.It's____________(risk) to invest all your money in one project.
5.Her___________ (reflect) on the incident helped her grow a lot.
6. __________(personal), I think this animated film is the best one this year.
7.The___________(popular) of online shopping has changed people's consumption habits.
8. We were___________(amaze) by the beautiful scenes in the animation.
9.He___________(success) in passing the difficult exam through hard work.
10. He is an___________(adventure) person who likes to travel to remote places.
11. This new medicine is___________(effect) in treating the disease than the old one.
12. The___________(move)of the robot is controlled by a remote control.
13.The___________(long) of the Great Wall is about 21,196 kilometers.
14. He arrived___________(early) than expected, so we hadn't prepared the dinner yet.
15. We need to find a good___________(combine) of theory and practice in study.
16. To everyone's___________(amaze), the independent animator won the top prize with a low-budget film.
17.There is a___________(warn) sign near the construction site to keep children away.
18. His___________(achieve) in animation design has been recognized by the industry.
19. Does your brother mind___________(share) his collection of animation posters with me
20. The team discussed how to______________(effective) promote the traditional folk art through animation.
III.从所给短语中选择合适的语并用其适当形式填空。
come to life; with the help of; have an influence on watch out; make it; at risk of; adapt...into...; be similar to; hold one's breath; neither...nor...;
1. After practicing for months, the students finally_______________. Their animated short film won an award in the school competition.
2. The writer plans to__________his novel___________ an animated film.
3. The old shadow puppet show_____________when the artists started performing.
4._________________! There are some sharp tools on the table.
5. Classic animated films always_____________ young people's values.
6. These two folk art forms ________________each other. They both date back to hundreds of years ago and reflect local culture.
7. Many ancient skills are__________________disappearing if we don' t protect them.
8. We all _________________while watching the exciting part of the animation.
9._____________my brother_____________, I like scary animated films; we prefer funny ones.
10.______________my teacher, I finally understood the history of Chinese animation.
IV.书面表达
你的美国朋友Tom 对中国的动画非常感兴趣，他写信想了解中国的动画。
要点：1.介绍中国动画的历史
向他介绍你最喜欢的动画和特点
Dear Tom,
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语法 被动语态
一、被动语态的概念
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
二、被动语态的结构be done
※一般现在时：am / is / are + done ※一般过去时：was / were + done
※一般将来时：will be done ※含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be done
现在进行时：am / is / are being done 现在完成时：have / has been done
※非谓语的被动语态：to be done, being done
三、动词过去分词的变化规则 ※不规则动词表
四、主动语态变被动语态步骤
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态谓语动词之后，by短语根据句子需要，也可以省略。
五、被动语态的基本用法
1. 强调动作的承受者：The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.
2. 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者（这时省略by短语）：He was killed last night.
3. 强调客观事实。
It is said / reported / believed / thought / hoped / well known that ...
It is reported that Trump will come to China soon.
※六、重难点
（一）只有及物动词才能用于被动语态，不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
及物动词：后面能够直接跟宾语的动词，称为及物动词vt.
不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语的动词，被称为不及物动词vi. 若要跟宾语，必须在动词后面加上某个介词，如look at, look for等。
（二）带双宾语的被动语态。
1. 理解间接宾语和直接宾语。
例句：①He gave me a book yesterday. ②My mother bought me a book yesterday.
2. 变化规则：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾；若把直宾变，to, for间宾连。
（1）与介词to搭配：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等。
（2）与介词for搭配：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save等。
例句：①He gave me a book yesterday.
→I was given a book by him yesterday. →A book was given to me by him yesterday.
（三）短语make sb. do sth, let / have / see / hear / feel / watch变为被动语态后，需要加to。
例句： ①The teacher made the students learn words every day. →The students were made to learn words every day.
②We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
（四）当谓语动词由动词+介词或副词构成的短语时，需要把他们当时整体看待，介词和副词不可拆开或者漏掉。
例句：①We should take care of the old. →The old should be taken care of by us.
②We needn’t talk about the problem. →The problem needn’t be talked about.
（五）不能用于被动语态的词或短语。
1. last持续，have拥有，belong to属于，suit适合，happen发生，take place发生，appear出现，hold容纳，fail失败，disappear消失，marry结婚，cost花费
2. 感官动词（feel, taste, sound, look, smell）
3. sell well, write well, drive well, fit well, fall asleep等，即write, sell, read, clean, wash, cook等与well, easily, badly搭配的时候。
4. 不及物动词没有被动语态。见（一）
（六）need, require, want doing表示被动=need, require, want to be done
（七）get偶尔可以替换be动词，变为get + done形式。如：get hurt, get married, get dressed
（八）be + -ed形容词，be + -ing形容词。
练习
一、单项选择。
( )1. _____ a new library _____ in our school last year
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
( )2. An accident _____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3. Cotton（棉花）_____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4. A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( )5. How many trees _____ this year
A. are planted B. will plant C. is planted D. planted
( )6. --- When _____ this kind of computers _____ --- Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )7. The Great Wall _____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )8. Who _____ this book _____
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )9. A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( )10. --- Do you often clean your classroom -- Yes. Our classroom _____ every day.
A. clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning
( )11. The People’s Republic of China _____ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( )12. All kinds of shoes _____ in that shop.
A. sells B. are sold C. are selling D. have been sold
( )13. The painting _____ to a museum in New York in 1977.
A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. is sold
( )14. The old building is part of Shenzhen’s history. It _____ hundreds of years ago.
A. built B. builds C. is built D. was built
( )15. The key _____ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1．I _____________(invite) to go to Betty's birthday party last night.
2．Hundreds of animals _____________(kill) in the fire last year.
3．A new library ______________(build) here.It will be very convenient for us.
4．Our clothes _____________(wash) by my mother every day.
5．I ___________(ask) to prepare for the speech.
6．Some new books ________________(offer)later on.
7．_______the boy ________(hurt) on this road last week
8．_______ trees and flowers ___________(plant) every year
9．It __________(say) that Mr.Li won't come back until next Friday.
10．This smartphone ____________(make) in China in 2019.
11. It's said (据说) that the long bridge _______________ (build)in two months．
12. Which language __________ the most widely _______________ (speak) in the world？
13. Last year a large number of trees _______________ (cut) down．
14. The students __________ often _______________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
15. The room _______________ (clean) by me every day.
16. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
17. The hill _______________ (cover) with snow because it snowed heavily.
18. The tall building _______________ (design) by him two years ago.
19. Do you have any problems if you _______________ (offer) this job
20. The sick boy _______________ (take) to hospital by the police yesterday.
根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空
The 24 solar terms____________(regard) as an important part of Chinese traditional culture and____________(teach) in many schools.
Not only the students but also their teacher____________(invite) to the opening ceremony every year.
The problem of food waste____________(not solve) easily because it involves people's living habits.
More and more electronic products____________(produce) with environment-friendly materials to reduce pollution.
How____________the ancient buildings____________(protect) from damage by the government
The results of the survey____________(not announce) to the public until all data are analyzed.
A lot of time____________(spend) on English listening practice by most students every day.
The new technology____________(not apply) in daily life yet, but it____________(test) in some labs now.
Children____________(advise) to avoid playing violent video games because they do harm to their mental health.
The rules of the school____________(strictly follow) by all students, and anyone who breaks them____________(punish).
This kind of cloth ____________(feel) soft and____________(sell) well in the market.
The old temple____________(repair) every five years to keep its original appearance.
The tasks____________(divide) into small parts so that each group can finish them on time.
People____________(not allow) to enter the museum without showing their ID cards.
A lot of efforts____________(make) to improve the public transport system in our city recently.
The injured bird____________(take) good care of by the volunteers in the wildlife rescue center.
A Journey to the West____________(show) on CCTV-1 every summer holiday.
The valuable painting____________(keep) in a special safe to prevent theft.
Patients in this hospital____________(ask) to wait in line. They____________(treat) by doctors in turn.
The next Olympic Games____________(hold) in Los Angeles in 2008.
参考答案
I. 近义词练习
1. live 形近词
1. C (lively 生动的，形容课)
2. A (alive 活着的，作表语)
3. B (live 现场直播的，形容比赛)
4. D (living 健在的，修饰writers)
5. lively (生动的)
6. live (活的，指动物)
7. alive (活着的，keep alive)
2. put 短语练习
1. A (put on 增加)
2. C (put down 写下)
3. B (put off 推迟)
4. A (put on 上演)
5. C (put away 收起来)
6. C (put out 扑灭)
II. 词性转换
1. performance
2. advanced
3. intelligent
4. risky
5. reflection
6. Personally
7. popularity
8. amazed
9. succeeded
10. adventurous
11. more effective
12. movement
13. length
14. earlier
bination
16. amazement
17. warning
18. achievements
19. sharing
20. effectively
III. 短语填空
1. made it
2. adapt; into
3. came to life
4. Watch out
5. have an influence on
6. are similar to
7. at risk of
8. held our breath
9. Neither; nor
10. With the help of
IV. 语法 被动语态 练习
一、单项选择
1. B (last year → 一般过去时)
2. D (happen 是不及物动词，无被动)
3. A (Cotton is grown...)
4. C (next week → 一般将来时)
5. A (Trees are planted...)
6. B (Last year → 一般过去时)
7. C (The Great Wall is known...)
8. B (written by)
9. B (tell sth. to sb. → be told to sb.)
10. C (Our classroom is cleaned...)
11. B (PRC was founded...)
12. B (Shoes are sold...)
13. C (in 1977 → 一般过去时)
14. D (hundreds of years ago → 一般过去时)
15. B (when I leave 表示将来，will be left)
二、动词正确形式填空
1. was invited
2. were killed
3. will be built (根据句意，是将来要建)
4. are washed
5. am asked (根据句意，也可用 was asked，但通常用 am 表示常态)
6. will be offered
7. Was; hurt
8. Are; planted
9. is said
10. was made
11. will be built
12. is; spoken
13. were cut
14. are; told
15. is cleaned
16. have been watered
17. was covered
18. was designed
19. are offered
20. was taken
三、根据句意填空
1. are regarded; are taught
2. is invited (Not only...but also... 遵循“就近原则”，看 teacher)
3. is not solved
4. are produced
5. are; protected
6. are not announced
7. is spent
8. is not applied; is being tested
9. are advised
10. must be strictly followed; will be punished (根据语境补充情态动词)
11. feels; sells (sell well 无被动)
12. is repaired
13. are divided
14. are not allowed
15. have been made
16. is taken
17. is shown
18. is kept
19. are asked; are treated
20. will be held (注：原文2008年应为笔误，此处按语法填 will be held)

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