Unit 1 Past and present Grammar 导学案(含答案) 2025-2026学年 牛津译林版(2024) 初中英语八年级下册

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Unit 1 Past and present Grammar 导学案(含答案) 2025-2026学年 牛津译林版(2024) 初中英语八年级下册

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Unit 1 Grammar
【学习目标】
1.能准确说出现在完成时的基本结构,掌握不规则动词的过去分词的构成。
2.能结合时间状语正确使用现在完成时进行“陈述、否定、疑问”等表达。
3.能运用现在完成时完成句子填空、短文写作等练习。
【自主预习】
一、单词速查(根据汉语意思写出下列单词)
1.     n.交通运输系统
2.     adv.最近
3.     adv.已经,早已
4.     adv.尚,还;迄今
5.     n.记者
6.     n.交通线;线(条);行,列
二、短语速记(用英文写出下列短语)
1.         找出
2.         生活条件
3.         乘坐地铁
4.         为某事感谢某人
三、情境创生(在“深圳40年变迁”主题活动中,记者采访了一位老深圳人Mr Chen。假设你是这位记者,请你根据采访语境完成以下任务。)
1.用现在完成时补全采访对话。
Reporter:Mr Chen, how (1)     Shenzhen     (change) over the past 40 years
Mr Chen:It (2)     (change) a lot! The government (3)    (build) many tall buildings and parks. The living conditions (4)    (improve) greatly.
Reporter:(5)     you ever     (move) to another city
Mr Chen:No, I love Shenzhen. But I (6)     (visit) many other cities to see how they developed.
2.请你用现在完成时写一个问题,采访同桌关于“他家乡的变化”。
_______________________________________________________________________________
【合作探究】
任务驱动一学习与理解
  英语学习兴趣小组发起“不规则动词过去分词大挑战”的活动,邀请同学们解码动词变化规律。
1.写出下列动词的过去式、过去分词。
(1)hit          
(2)hurt          
(3)learn          
(4)hear          
(5)get          
(6)sit          
(7)make          
(8)spill          
(9)feel          
2.完成不规则动词分类表格,总结每类的变化特点。
变化规则 举例(原形—过去式—过去分词)
与原形相同 come—came—    、run—ran—    
原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang—    、sing—sang—    
在原形上加        eat—ate—eaten、fall—fell—fallen
在原形上加        see—saw—seen、give—gave—given
在过去式上加       steal—stole—stolen、break—broke—broken
原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do—    —    、go—    —    
任务驱动二运用与实践
  英语学习兴趣小组收到同学们的“日常时态困惑帖”,请大家分组当“校园语法辅导员”,诊断并修正句子中的时态错误。
1.困惑一(校园活动):I have joined the English club last week. It's very interesting.
诊断:                                     
修正:                                     
原因:                                     
2.困惑二(家庭生活):My family have bought a new car in 2023. We often drive it on weekends.
诊断:                                     
修正:                                     
原因:                                     
3.困惑三(学习经历):Have you ever saw the new library It's so big!
诊断:                                     
修正:                                     
原因:                                     
任务驱动三迁移与创新
  班主任让大家用英语写《初中成长日志》,要求用现在完成时记录“过去到现在的变化”,作为英语语法实践作业。
1.完成个人日志片段(用所给词的正确形式填空)。
(1)I     (change) a lot since I came to this school.
(2)I     (make) many new friends and we often study together.
(3)My English     (improve) greatly with the help of my teacher.
(4)I     (read) over 20 English books in the past three years.
2.用现在完成时记录初中阶段“过去到现在的变化”,可从性格、学习、交友、爱好等方面选择1—2个维度展开。
语法:至少使用五处现在完成时(结构:have/has+过去分词),并搭配1—2个时间标志词(如since I entered junior high、in the past three years等)。
篇幅:80—100 词,语句通顺,逻辑清晰。
参考框架:开头总述变化→中间分述具体事例→结尾简单总结感受。
My Junior High Growth Diary
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【知识探究】
Transport has also improved a lot. 交通也有了很大的改善。
用法总结 
素养训练 
1.用“have/has+动词的过去分词”结构补全句子(提示词:change、build、improve)。
(1)Over the years, our hometown     a lot.
(2)The government     many new schools in the past five years.
(3)My English     a lot since I joined the English club.
2.给下列句子的现在完成时结构标注成分(例如:They [have] [visited] Shenzhen twice.)。
(1)She has read three English books.
(2)We have made great progress.
现在完成时与一般过去时
用法总结 有“持续/影响”用现在完成时,有“具体过去时间”用一般过去时。
对比维度 现在完成时 一般过去时
时间关联 过去→现在(有关联) 仅过去(无关联)
标志词 示例 over the years、since、for last week、in 2020、yesterday
原句示例 I have lived here for 3 years.(现在还住) I lived there in 2020.(现在不住)
素养训练 按要求完成下列各题。
1.I studied in the school in 2023.(改为现在完成时)
→I         in the school for 3 years.
2.She has kept the book since last Monday.(对画线部分提问)
→         has she kept the book
3.They have climbed the mountain twice.(改为一般过去时)
→They     the mountain last summer.
现在完成时的三大类核心标志词
用法总结 
1.持续类:for+时间段(for 5 years)、since+时间点/从句(since 2018)
2.经历类:ever(曾经)、never(从未)、twice(两次)
3.结果类:already(肯定句,已完成)、yet(否定/疑问句,还未)、so far(到目前为止)
易错易混 
错误:I have finished it yesterday.(yesterday 是一般过去时标志,不能搭配现在完成时)
正确:I finished it yesterday./I have finished it already.
素养训练 判断下列句子正(T)误(F),如有错误请改正。
(  )1.So far, we have learned 500 new words.    
(  )2.She has gone to school last Monday.    
【参考答案】
自主预习
一、
1.transport 2.recently 3.already 4.yet
5.reporter 6.line
二、
1.find out 2.living conditions
3.take the underground 4.thank sb for sth
三、
1.(1)has changed (2)has changed (3)has built (4)have improved (5)Have moved
(6)have visited
2.示例:How has your hometown changed over the years
合作探究
任务驱动一
1.(1)hit—hit (2)hurt—hurt (3)learnt/learned—learnt/learned
(4)heard—heard (5)got—got/gotten (6)sat—sat
(7)made—made (8)spilt—spilt (9)felt—felt
2.
变化规则 举例(原形—过去式—过去分词)
与原形相同 come—came— come 、run—ran— run 
原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang— rung 、sing—sang— sung 
在原形上加 en  eat—ate—eaten、fall—fell—fallen
在原形上加 n  see—saw—seen、give—gave—given
在过去式上加 n  steal—stole—stolen、break—broke—broken
原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do— did — done 、go— went — gone 
任务驱动二
1.时态错误(现在完成时与一般过去时混淆)
I joined the English club last week. It's very interesting.
last week是一般过去时的时间标志,需用动词过去式joined
2.时态错误(现在完成时与一般过去时混淆)
My family bought a new car in 2023.We often drive it on weekends.
in 2023是具体过去时间,需用一般过去时bought。
3.不规则动词过去分词使用错误
Have you ever seen the new library It's so big!
现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词”,see的过去分词是seen,需用have seen。
任务驱动三
1.(1)have changed (2)have made
(3)has improved (4)have read
2.One Possible Version:
My Junior High Growth Diary
  Since I entered junior high two years ago, I have changed a lot. I used to be shy, but now I have become more outgoing. I have made many good friends and we often help each other with studies. My English has improved greatly because I have read over 30 English stories. In the past two years, I have also learned to play the guitar. Junior high life has taught me a lot, and I will keep growing better.
知识探究
命题点一
1.(1)has changed (2)has built (3)has improved
2.(1)She [has] [read] three English books.
(2)We [have] [made] great progress.
命题点二
1.have studied 2.How long 3.climbed
命题点三
1.T 2.F She went to school last Monday.

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