【弯道超车】Unit 4 Helping out 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026年春外研版(2024)八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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【弯道超车】Unit 4 Helping out 核心考点(单词+短语+句型+语法)-2026年春外研版(2024)八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026年春外研版(2024)八年级英语下册核心考点精讲精练
Unit 4 Helping out
核心词汇
1. 帮助相关核心词汇
词汇 词性 释义 常见搭配/短语
help v./n. 帮助;帮忙 help out(帮忙解决困难);help sb. with sth.(帮某人做某事)
out adv. 出去;在外 help out(排忧解难);work out(解决);go out(外出)
volunteer v./n. 自愿做;志愿者 volunteer to do sth.(自愿做某事)
voluntary adj. 自愿的;义务的 voluntary work(志愿工作)
2. 帮助对象相关词汇
词汇 词性 释义 常见搭配/短语
community n. 社区 community service(社区服务);community center(社区中心)
lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的 lonely old people(孤寡老人)
elderly adj. 年老的;上了年纪的 the elderly(老人;长者)
sick adj. 生病的;有病的 sick people(病人);be sick in bed(卧病在床)
disabled adj. 残疾的;丧失能力的 disabled people(残疾人)
homeless adj. 无家可归的 homeless people(无家可归的人)
3. 帮助行为相关词汇
词汇 词性 释义 常见搭配/短语
care v./n. 照顾;关心 care for(照顾;关心);take care of(照顾)
feed v. 喂养;饲养 feed animals(喂动物);feed on(以……为食)
clean v. 打扫;清理 clean up(清理;打扫干净);clean the street(打扫街道)
collect v. 收集;搜集 collect rubbish(收集垃圾);collect books(收集书籍)
raise v. 筹集;提升;养育 raise money(筹钱);raise one's hand(举手)
donate v. 捐赠;捐献 donate money(捐款);donate books(捐书)
donation n. 捐赠;捐赠物 make a donation(进行捐赠)
support v./n. 支持;资助 support the poor(资助穷人);give support(提供支持)
protect v. 保护 protect the environment(保护环境);protect sb. from sth.(保护某人免受……)
recycle v. 回收利用;再利用 recycle paper(回收纸张);recycle plastic(回收塑料)
4. 品质与感受相关词汇
词汇 词性 释义 常见搭配/短语
kind adj. 善良的;友好的 be kind to sb.(对某人友善);a kind of(一种)
kindness n. 善良;好意 show kindness to sb.(对某人表示友善)
helpful adj. 有帮助的;乐于助人的 be helpful to sb.(对某人有帮助)
useful adj. 有用的;有益的 be useful for(对……有用)
meaningful adj. 有意义的 a meaningful experience(一次有意义的经历)
experience n./v. 经历;经验;体验 volunteer experience(志愿经历)
pleasure n. 快乐;愉快 with pleasure(乐意地);It's a pleasure.(不客气。)
5. 单元拓展词汇
词汇 词性 释义 常见搭配/短语
excuse v./n. 原谅;借口 excuse me(劳驾);make an excuse(找借口)
purple adj./n. 紫色的;紫色 purple flowers(紫色的花)
crayon n. 彩色蜡笔 a box of crayons(一盒蜡笔)
afford v. 买得起,付得起 can't afford(负担不起)
disappointment n. 失望,扫兴,沮丧 to one's disappointment(令某人失望的是)
treatment n. 治疗,诊治;疗法 medical treatment(医疗)
illness n. 病,疾病 serious illness(重病)
wheelchair n. 轮椅 in a wheelchair(坐轮椅)
public adj. 公众的,公共的 in public(公开地)
mention v. 提到,说起 don't mention it(不客气)
核心短语
1. 必背短语
短语 释义 课文例句/拓展例句
help out 帮忙解决困难;排忧解难 We should help out in our community.(我们应该在社区帮忙。)
volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 Many students volunteered to help the elderly.(许多学生自愿帮助老人。)
care for 照顾;关心 It's important to care for the environment.(关心环境很重要。)
take care of 照顾;照料 She takes care of homeless animals.(她照顾无家可归的动物。)
the elderly 老人;上了年纪的人 We should respect the elderly.(我们应该尊重老人。)
raise money 筹钱 We plan to raise money for the local animal shelter.
make a donation 进行捐赠 They made a donation to the hospital.(他们向医院捐赠了。)
collect rubbish 收集垃圾 Let's collect rubbish in the park.(我们去公园捡垃圾吧。)
clean up 清理;打扫干净 We need to clean up the classroom.(我们需要打扫教室。)
protect the environment 保护环境 Everyone should protect the environment.(每个人都应该保护环境。)
be kind to sb. 对某人友善 Always be kind to others.(始终对他人友善。)
2. 短语速查表
分类 短语 释义
社区服务类 community service 社区服务
voluntary work 志愿工作
do service for 为……服务
照顾类 look after 照顾
care for 照顾;关心
take care of 照顾
捐赠类 donate money 捐款
donate books 捐书
support the poor 资助穷人
环保类 recycle paper 回收纸张
recycle plastic 回收塑料
throw away rubbish 扔垃圾
表达感谢 with pleasure 乐意地
It's a pleasure. 不客气
核心句型
1. 描述资源短缺与困难
句型 意思 用法说明 例句
There is / are not enough... 没有足够的…… 描述帮助对象面临的资源短缺问题 There are not enough crayons for the children in the hospital.
... couldn't afford... ……负担不起…… 描述帮助对象的经济困难 The hospital couldn't afford new crayons for every child.
... is / are facing... ……正在面临…… 描述帮助对象面临的挑战 These families are facing serious financial problems.
2. 计划与安排帮助活动
句型 意思 用法说明 例句
We plan to... 我们计划…… 描述将要进行的帮助活动 We plan to raise money for the local animal shelter.
We could do it... 我们可以在……做 安排活动时间 We could do it at the weekend when everyone is free.
We'll meet at... 我们将在……集合 指定集合地点 We'll meet at the school gate at 8 am.
3. 预测挑战与应对措施
句型 意思 用法说明 例句
It might be difficult to... 做……可能会有困难 预测可能遇到的挑战 It might be difficult to collect enough money in one day.
We may need to... 我们可能需要…… 提出应对挑战的措施 We may need to ask more people for help.
by no means 绝不,一点儿也不 强调困难程度 The work is by no means easy.
4. 描述帮助活动的积极结果
句型 意思 用法说明 例句
It will create... 它将创造…… 预测帮助活动带来的积极结果 It will create a circle of goodwill in our community.
It will lead to... 它将导致/带来…… 预测帮助活动带来的积极结果 Small acts of kindness can lead to a big difference.
5. 表达帮助意愿与感受
*I'm happy to help. * (我很乐意帮忙。)
*I'd like to volunteer for... * (我想志愿参加……)
*It's meaningful to help others. * (帮助他人是有意义的。)
*Helping others brings me pleasure. * (帮助他人给我带来快乐。)
*Volunteering is a meaningful experience. * (志愿服务是一次有意义的经历。)
语法聚焦
本单元的核心语法是情态动词表推测和动词不定式的综合运用。
1. 情态动词表推测(复习与深化)
情态动词 可能性程度 用法 例句(本单元语境)
must 几乎肯定 (90%-100%) 用于肯定句,表示有充分依据的肯定推测 She works at the hospital every day. She must be a doctor.(她一定是个医生。)
may / might / could 可能 (40%-70%) 用于肯定句和否定句,表示不确定的推测 It might be difficult to raise enough money.(筹款可能会有困难。)
can't 几乎不可能 (0%-10%) 用于否定句,表示有把握的否定推测 He can't be sick – I saw him playing football.(他不可能生病——我看见他踢球了。)
2. 动词不定式(本单元重点运用)
用法 说明 例句(本单元语境)
作主语 It + be + adj. + to do sth. It's meaningful to help others.
作宾语 volunteer/want/hope/plan + to do We plan to raise money.
Many students volunteered to help.
作定语 修饰名词,表示“用来……” We need more people to help.(我们需要更多的人来帮忙。)
作目的状语 表示目的(为了……) To help the children, we collected many crayons.
3. 易混情态动词辨析
对比组 区别说明 例句对比
must vs. can't must表肯定推测,can't表否定推测 She must be at the community center.(肯定在)
She can't be at home now.(不可能在家)
may vs. might might语气更不确定 It may rain tomorrow.(可能下雨)
It might be difficult.(可能会有困难)
重点词汇辨析
1. help out vs. help
短语 用法 例句
help out 帮忙解决困难(强调在困境中施以援手) Can you help out at the event
help 帮助(一般用法) Can you help me
2. lonely vs. alone
词汇 用法 例句
lonely “孤独的”,强调主观感受(感到寂寞) The lonely old man needs someone to talk to.
alone “独自的”,强调客观状态(没有同伴) He lives alone, but he doesn't feel lonely.
3. sick vs. ill
词汇 用法 例句
sick 生病的(可作定语或表语) She is taking care of sick people.
ill 生病的(多作表语,不作定语) He fell ill yesterday.
4. raise vs. rise
词汇 用法 例句
raise 及物动词,后接宾语 *raise money(筹钱);raise one's hand(举手)
rise 不及物动词,不接宾语 The sun rises in the east.
5. donate vs. give
词汇 用法 例句
donate 捐赠(常用于慈善语境) *donate money to charity(向慈善机构捐款)
give 给予(一般用法) Can you give me a hand
6. a meaningful experience / an unforgettable experience
短语 释义 例句
a meaningful experience 一次有意义的经历 Volunteering is a meaningful experience.
1. Please put the shelf ____ the wall, or it will fall down.
A.over B.against C.along D.across
2. Listen! The rain is beating ____ the windows.
A.across B.over C.against D.above
3. —What were you doing ____ the night of last Sunday
—Nothing much. I was just sitting ____ the sofa and watching TV.
A.in; against B.on; against C.at; through
4. Every break between classes, Tony always stands ____ the wall and chats with Jim.
A.against B.in C.on D.under
5. There're so many things around us____ our will. However,we've no excuse to give up.
A.through B.towards C.against D.under
6. —What do you think of the newest 5G mobile phone
—I really like it, but I can't____ it.
A.stand B.afford C.spend D.refuse
7. Although some families can't ____a house in the big city, they still live a happy life.
A.book B.discover C.afford
8.The little girl sat ____the wall, looking at the sun rising in the east.
A.against B.below C.through D.across
9. My father was ____ my plan. He didn't think it was safe for a girl to travel alone.
A.about B.with C.for D.against
10. Every break between classes, Tina and Ann always stand _________ the wall and chat with eachother.
A.on B.in C.against D.under
11. —Why isn't David showing up at your party
—He is racing ____ the clock to finish his report.
A.against B.over C.in D.through
12. Lily can't ____ an expensive house because she hasn't money to buy it.
A.afford B.leave C.enter
13. Listen! The heavy rain is beating ____ the window.
A.with B.for C.to D.against
14. We will continue to fight ____ pollution until it is stopped.
A.about B.with C.for D.against
15.They walked home last night because they couldn't____ to take a taxi.
A.leave B.buy C.afford D.allow
16.—Bob was sick and he was in hospital for a long time.
—Yes. And because of his____, he missed many lessons.
A.illness B.feeling C.satisfaction D.silence
17.Ben was reading books when the rain began to beat heavily ____ the windows.
A.against B.for C.without D.from
18. The rain beat ____ the window and made a loud noise.
A.among B.against C.from D.over
19. On 14 April, 1912, Titanic crashed ____ the iceberg and went down into the sea.
A.about B.above C.against D.along
20. —Mum, I hear something terrible outside in the garden.
—Don't be afraid, baby. It is just the rain beating ____ the windows.
A.through B.against C.across D.above
21.—Why isn't your grandmother able to read or write
—Because she couldn't ____ to go to school at that time.
A.depend B.spread C.afford D.express
22.I think we should put the sofa ____ the window. If so,there will be much space in the room.
A.during B.against C.through D.between
23. —Many kids are made to learn in advance by their parents.
—It's "Pulling seedlings to help them grow" and goes ____ the rules of child development.
A.as B.against C.with D.over
24.—Why don't you take that coat, Alice. It looks good on you.
—Well, it's 850 yuan. I can't ____ it at that price.
A.offer B.afford C.attend
25. I've always wanted to go on a dream holiday. But I can ' t ____ it. The plane tickets are too expensive.
A.spend B.cost C.pay D.afford
26.The young man is very brave, he often fights ____ the bad man.
A.with B.for C.against
27.Don't stand _________ the window. It's too dangerous.
A.against B.with C.along D.in
28. —Hey, Lucy! What are you doing
—Shh. Lily is sleeping in a chair ____ the wall.
A.against B.on C.between D.through
29.I'm ________ building a new zoo because zoos are terrible places for animals to live in.
A.against B.on C.in D.for
30.This is not the first time for the two teams to play each other.
A.behind B.through C.from D.against
31.The young man is very brave, he often fights ____ the bad man.
A.to B.on C.against D.for
32.You bought the last ticket for the concert. How you are!
A.sweet B.lucky C.strange D.funny
33.We'll play basketball _______ Class 3 tomorrow.
A.over B.against C.to D.for
34.Mr. Black is strongly _______keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals
should live freely in the forest.
A.against B.for C.down D.off
35.— Why don't you take the coat, Linda
— It's 65, but I have only $40. I can't ________ it.
A.afford B.offer C.attend D.provide
36.—The house is so beautiful!
—Yes. But I'm afraid we can't__________ it.
A.manage B.mend C.afford D.bring
37.—Look, the car is so cool!
—I agree. But the price is also cool. We can't _______it.
A.drive B.keep C.sell D.afford
38.Most people are ______________ building a paper factory near here. They are worried that the river will get polluted.
A.for B.with C.against D.beyond
39.—Why don't you buy the bike, Mary
— It's too expensive. I can't it.
A.sell B.lend C.keep D.afford
40.The boy was badly ill. He had to leave school because of______________.
A.skill B.history C.illness D.excitement
41.—What did he say in his letter Is everything OK with his father
—No idea. He didn't _________his parents in the letter.
A.admire B.notice C.mention D.miss
42.The old man walked for a long time and then stood _____________ the wall to rest.
A.across B.against C.on D.for
43.An___________ is a reason which you give in order to explain why something has been done or has not been done.
A.experience B.example C.excuse D.expression
44.Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can ________.She has donated much of the money she saved to charities.
A.allow B.remind C.afford D.buy
45.He stood with his back _____ the door.
A.towards B.among C.opposite D.against
46.This white bike is too expensive. I can't ________ it. Could you show me a cheaper one
A.sell B.clean C.ride D.afford
47.A(n) is a reason which you give in order to explain why something has been done or has not been done.
A.problem B.excuse C.order
48.—Why don't you buy the bike, Mary
—It's too expensive. I can't ________ it.
A.afford B.use C.pay D.bring
49.Joe is a young man from a mountain area. He can't to buy a flat in the city centre.
A.arrive B.afford C.allow D.achieve
50.After the earthquake in Japan, we are trying to help the ________ people to rebuild their homes.
A.harmless B.endless C.useless D.homeless
参考答案及试题解析
1.B
【解析】句意:请把架子靠在墙上,否则它会倒的。over在……上面,从一边到另一边;against倚着;along沿着;across横过。 根据or it will fall down(否则它会倒),可知这里表示把架子靠墙放,against符合题意,故答案为B。
【点评】考查方位介词。理解句意并掌握against的意义和用法。
2.C
【解析】句意:听!雨正在敲打窗户。A.穿过;B.在.......正上方;C.倚、靠;D.在......上面。beat against the windows敲打窗户,固定搭配,故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析,首先识记介词词义,然后识记固定搭配beat against the windows,理解句意。
3.B
【解析】句意:——上周日晚上你在做什么 ——没有什么要紧的事。我只是靠在沙发上看电视。in后常接时间段; on后接具体某天; at后接时间点; against靠着; through穿过。根据"the night of last Sunday"可知,此处表示周日晚上,即具体某天,故第一空应用on。根据"I was just sitting... the sofa"可知,是靠着沙发坐,故第二空应用against。 故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。首先要掌握句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目以及给出的提示,就可以确定正确答案。
4.A
【解析】句意:每节课间休息时,托尼总是靠墙站着和吉姆聊天。against倚着,靠着;in在……里面;on在……上面;under在……下面。根据句意可知,此处指"靠墙站着","stand against the wall"为固定搭配,意为"靠墙站着"。故选A。
【点评】考查介词。介词通常用来表示名词或代词与其他词之间的关系,如时间、地点、方式等。根据句子的意思和结构,确定需要填入的介词应该表达哪种关系。
5.C
【解析】句意:我们周围有太多违背我们意愿的事情。然而,我们没有理由放弃。A.通过;B.朝向;C.违背;D.在......下面。There're so many things around us我们周围有太的事情,our will我们的意愿;we've no excuse to give up我们没有理由放弃,结合选项可知讲的是违背意愿,故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析,首先识记介词词义,然后根据关键词句和句意确定介词。
6.B
【解析】句意:——你怎么看待最新的5G手机?——我真的很喜欢,但是我买不起。stand站;afford负担得起;spend花费;refuse拒绝。根据"I really like it, but I can't…it."可知,此处指的是"我买不起",can't afford意为"买不起"。故选B。
【点评】考查动词辨析。熟练掌握动词的意思以及用法区别,分析推断设空处所表示的汉语意思,分析对比选项,确定正确的动词。
7.C
【解析】句意:虽然有些家庭在大城市买不起房子,但他们仍然过着幸福的生活。A预定,B发现,C买得起, 据 they still live a happy life. 和although,可知有些家庭在大城市买不起房子, 故选C。
【点评】考查动词,注意识记afford的用法。
8.A
【解析】句意:小女孩靠着墙坐着,看着东方的太阳升起。A靠着;B在……下面;C穿过;D在……对面。根据sat ____the wall可知,空格处需要填入一个表示小女孩与墙之间位置关系的介词,故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词。注意要准确理解句子所描述的情景,选择能正确表达小女孩与墙之间位置关系的介词。
9.D
【解析】句意:我爸爸……我的计划。他认为一个女孩独自旅行不安全。A:about 关于 B:with 和……一起 C:for 为了 D:against 反对,根据He didn't think it was safe for a girl to travel alone. 可知爸爸反对我的计划,因为他认为女孩独自旅行不安全,选项against符合语境。故答案为D。
【点评】考查介词,注意介词against表示"反对"或"与……相反"。
10.C
【解析】句意:每次课间休息,Tina和Ann总是靠墙站着聊天。on在……上;in在……里;against倚,靠;under在……下。根据"the wall"可知,此处指靠在墙上。故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意掌握常见的介词及其辨析。
11.A
【解析】句意:——为什么大卫没有出现在你的派对上?——他正在与时间赛跑以完成他的报告A:against"与......相对抗,与......竞争"。B:over"在......之上"或"超过"。C:in在……里。D:through"通过......(内部)"。根据Why isn't David showing up at your party ,可知我们需要一个词来表达大卫正在与时间竞争以完成他的报告。选项A中的"against"恰好符合这一语境,因为它表示大卫正在与时间相竞争,努力在规定的时间内完成报告。故选A。
【点评】考查英语中短语和固定搭配的理解。在这里,关键是识别"race against the clock"这个固定短语,并理解其含义为"与时间赛跑"。这要求考生对英语的常用短语和固定搭配有一定的掌握。
12.A
【解析】句意:莉莉买不起昂贵的房子,因为她没有钱买。A:afford 表示"买得起,负担得起",通常用于描述某人是否有足够的财力购买某物或承担某项费用。B:leave 表示"离开,留下"。C:enter 表示"进入"。因为句子中描述了莉莉因为没有钱而无法购买昂贵的房子,所以需要用一个表示"买得起"的动词。选项A"afford"恰好符合这个语境,表示莉莉没有足够的财力来购买这座房子。故选A。
【点评】考查动词的词义辨析和语境理解。需要根据句子的整体意思和语境,选择最合适的动词来填空。
13.D
【解析】句意:雨点正猛烈地击打着窗户。with和……在一起;具有;用;for,给,对;为了;to朝;位于……;到某处;against , 碰;倚着;逆向;根据句意可知是雨"敲打"着窗, against"碰,撞",符合题意。故答案为D 。
【点评】考查介词辨析。理解句意并实际against的意义和用法。
14.D
【解析】句意:我们会继续和污染抗争,直到污染停止。A大约,B和,C为了,D反对,根据until it is stopped和pollution,可知这是一场反对污染的战斗。故用fight against,故选D。
【点评】考查介词,注意识记against的用法。
15.C
【解析】句意:昨晚他们步行回家, 因为不能支付坐出租车的费用。"leave"离开"; buy"买"; afford"负担得起"; allow"允许", 根据 They walked home last night,可知他们付不起费用。故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析。根据上下文的联系确定句子中所缺的成分,根据所给的选项选择正确答案。
16.A
【解析】句意:——鲍勃病了,在医院住了很长时间。——是的。因为他的病,他错过了很多课程。A疾病,B感觉,C满意,D沉默,根据Bob was sick,可知是他的疾病,故选A。
【点评】考查名词辨析,注意识记illness的用法。
17.A
【解析】句意:本正在读书,这时雨下的很大,击打着窗户。A碰,B为了,C没有,D来自,根据rain和windows,可知是大雨击打着窗户,故选A。
【点评】考查介词,注意识记against的用法。
18.B
【解析】句意:雨打在窗户上发出很大的响声。among在……当中; against倚、碰、撞; from来自; over在……上面。根据"The rain beat …the window "结合常识可知,雨水是拍打着窗户, beat against表示"拍打……",固定短语。故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案。
19.C
【解析】句意:1912年4月14日,泰坦尼克号撞上冰山坠入大海。A.大约;B.在......上面;C.撞;D.沿着。crashed碰撞,所以用against,故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析,首先理解介词词义,然后根据关键词crashed确定答案,理解句意。
20.B
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我听到外面花园里有什么可怕的声音。——别害怕,宝贝。只是雨打在窗户上。A穿过(立体空间),B碰,C穿过(平面),D在……上面。根据 It is just the rain beating ____ the windows. ,可知应是雨打在窗户上,应用介词against。故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意熟记固定搭配beat against"打在……"。
21.C
【解析】句意:——为什么你的奶奶不会读和写?——因为在那个时候,她上不起学。A依靠,B散播,传播,C担负得起,D表达。不会读和不会写应该是没有上过学,couldn't afford to do sth.是固定短语,不能担负得起做某事,故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析。考查couldn't afford to do sth.的结构。
22.B
【解析】句意:我认为我们应该把沙发靠在窗户上。如果是这样,房间里就会有很大的空间。A期间,B靠着,C通过,D在......之间,根据there will be much space in the room,可知把沙发靠在窗户上来缩小占地面积,故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析,注意识记against的用法。
23.B
【解析】句意:——许多孩子被父母强迫提前学习。——这是"拔苗助长",违背了儿童发展的规则。as作为;against反对;with和……一起;有; over超过。 根据Pulling seedlings to help them grow (拔苗助长)可知拔苗助长是一个贬义成语,go against表示"违背"儿童的发展规律,符合题意。故答案为B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。理解句意选项的意义,识记固定搭配和against的用法。
24.B
【解析】句意:——爱丽丝,你为什么不穿上那件外套呢?你穿起来很好看。——嗯,850元。那个价格我买不起。A.提供;B.负担得起;C.参加,根据850 yuan.,可知爱丽丝觉得外套很贵。故选B。
【点评】考查动词辨析,注意根据语境以及对选项词义的掌握选出正确答案。
25.D
【解析】句意: 我一直想去度一个梦想中的假期。但是我负担不起。机票太贵了。A.花费,度过;B.花费;C.付款;D.负担得起。根据The plane tickets are too expensive. 可知,此处指负担不起,故选D。
【点评】考查动词辨析。注意理解单词词义,理解句意。
26.C
【解析】句意:这个年轻人很勇敢,他经常和坏人打架。A.和;B.为了;C.反馈。fight打架,the bad man坏人,fight against sb.和某人打架,固定搭配,故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析,首先识记单词词义及词性,然后识记固定搭配fight against,理解句意。
27.A
【解析】句意:不要靠着窗户站着。太危险了。against倚,靠; with有,一起; along沿着;in在里……面;根据Don't stand the window可知此处用against,表示"靠"。故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意熟记介词用法,结合语境,选择正确答案。
28.A
【解析】句意:——嘿,露西!你在干什么?——嘘。莉莉睡在靠墙的椅子上。A 紧靠,B在......上面,C在两者之间,D通过。根据the wall,可知是靠墙的椅子, against : 紧靠 ,符合常理,故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意掌握一些介词搭配。
29.A
【解析】句意:我反对建一个新的动物园,因为动物园对动物来说是个可怕的地方。A反对;B在上面;C在里面;D为了。根据 because zoos are terrible places for animals to live in 因为动物园对动物来说是个可怕的地方,可是是"反对"against。故选A
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意熟记固定搭配be against doing sth."反对做某事"。
30.D
【解析】句意:这不是两队第一次对决。根据固定搭配 , play against ,与……作战、对决,因此用介词against,故选D。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意识记play against的用法。
31.C
【解析】句意:那个年轻人很勇敢,他经常与坏人作斗争。against反对,对抗。本句指这位年轻人常与坏人作斗争。故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。
32.B
【解析】句意:你买了音乐会的最后一张票。你好幸运啊!sweet意为“甜的”;lucky意为“幸运的”;stange意为“奇怪的”;funny意为”滑稽的”。根 据句意可知答案为B项。
【点评】考查形容词辨析。
33.B
【解析】句意:明天我们将和三班打篮球。A: over超过;B: against对抗;C: to朝向;D: for为了。play against,和……打比赛,固定搭配,故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析和固定搭配,注意识记play against的用法。
34.A
【解析】句意:布莱克先生强烈反对在动物园饲养动物,因为他认为动物应该是在森林里自由自在地生活着。A. against反对;B. for为了;C.down 向下;D. off关闭。根据句意可推知划线部分意为"反对"。故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意识记各介词的含义,根据语境选出正确答案。
35.A
【解析】句意:——琳达,你拿着外套吧?——65美元,但我只有40美元。我买不起。afford负担得起,买得起;offer提供;attend参加;provide提供;根据 It's 65, but I have only $40.可知是买不起,故答案为A。
【点评】考查动词辨析。理解句意并识记动词afford的用法。
36.C
【解析】句意:——这房子真漂亮!——是的。但是恐怕我们买不起。manage设法完成;mend修理;afford买得起;bring带来。it代指the beautiful house漂亮的房子,结合选项可知买不起漂亮的房子符合题意,故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析,首先识记动词词义,然后根据关键词句和句意确定单词。
37.D
【解析】句意:——看,这辆车真酷!——我同意。但价格也很酷。我们买不起它。drive驾驶;kep保留;sell卖;afford买得起。it代指car汽车,根据But the price is also cool可知价格高,所以买不起,故选D。
【点评】考查动词辨析,首先识记动词词义,然后根据关键词句确定。
38.C
【解析】句意:大多数人反对在这里附近建一家造纸厂。A.支持;B.和;C.反对;D.超出。他们担心这条河会被污染。根据They are worried that the river will get polluted.他们担心这条河会被污染,可知讲的是大多数人反对在这里建立工厂,be against反对,故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析,首先识记介词词义,然后根据关键词句They are worried that the river will get polluted.确定介词。
39.D
【解析】句意:—玛丽,你为什么不买这辆自行车?—它太贵了,我付不起。can't afford sth付不起某物,A. sell 卖;B. lend借出;C. keep 保持;D. afford负的起;结合语境故选D
【点评】考查动词辨析的用法。
40.C
【解析】句意:那男孩病得很重。他因病不得不离开学校。A:skill技能;B:history历史;C: illness疾病;D:excitement激动。根据上文 The boy was badly ill. 可知他因病不得不离开学校。故选C。
【点评】考查名词辨析。注意理解名词的词义,根据上下文,做出正确的选择。
41.C
【解析】句意:——他在信上说什么了 他父亲一切可好 ——不知道。他在信上没有提到他的父母。根据 No idea 可知,信没提到他的父母,mention意为“提到”, 故答案是C。
【点评】考查动词辨析,先弄清楚每个选项的意思,然后结合语境做出正确的选择。
42.B
【解析】句意:这个老人走了很长时间的路,然后他靠着墙休息。across跨过;against倚着,靠着;on在......上;for为了,根据 The old man walked for a long time 老人走了很长时间路可知他靠着墙休息。故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意识记across,against,on和for的不同用法。
43.C
【解析】句意:借口是你为解释为什么做了或没做某事而给出的理由。experience经历,经验;example例子;excuse借口;expression表达,表情;根据a reason which you give in order to explain why something has been done or has not been done.你为解释为什么做了或没做某事而给出的理由,可知这里是借口,故答案为C。
【点评】考查名词辨析。注意理解句意并注意识记名词excuse的用法。
44.C
【解析】句意:泰勒女士从不在任何昂贵的物品上浪费钱,即使她买得起。她把节省的钱大部分捐给了慈善机构。allow允许;remind提醒;afford买得起;buy买。根据expensive,昂贵的物品和空格前的情态动词can能够可知,这里是说她能买得起,但不浪费,故答案选C。
【点评】考查动词词义和语境辨析。抓住关键词expensive可推知应使用的单词的意义。
45.D
【解析】句意:他背对着门站着。A 朝,向;B 在……之间;C 相反的,对面的;D 依着,靠着。根据题干中的his back与the door,可知此句表示背靠着,故选D。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意每个选项的基本含义,根据语境确定正确答案。
46.D
【解析】句意:这辆白色自行车太贵了。我买不起它。你能给我看一个便宜点的吗?A: sell卖; B: clean干净的; C: ride骑; D: afford买得起。根据上文
This white bike is too expensive.这辆白色自行车
太贵了,可知买不起,故选D。
【点评】考查代词辨析。理解选项的意思根据语境,选择正确的动词。
47.B
【解析】句意:借口就是你为了解释为什么做了某事或者没做某事而给出的理由。A问题,B借口,C命令。根据a reason,一个原因,可知是借口。故选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析,注意理解选项意思,根据所给语境选择合适的名词。
48.A
【解析】句意:——为什么不买了这辆自行车呢,玛丽?——它太贵了。我买不起。afford买,负担得起;use使用,pay付钱;bring带来,根据 —Why don't you buy the bike, Mary —It's too expensive. 可知此处指买不起,负担得起,故选A。
【点评】此题考查动词辨析。根据上下文的联系确定单词。
49.B
【解析】句意:乔是一个来自山区的年轻人。他买不起市中心的一套公寓。根据他来自山区,可知没有能力买公寓,付不起,can't afford,故选B。
【点评】此题考查动词辨析。
50.D
【解析】句意:日本地震后,我们正在努力帮助无家可归的人重建家园。A无害的,B没有结局的,C没有用的,D无家可归的,根据rebuild their homes,可知暂时无家可归,故选D。
【点评】考查形容词辨析,注意识记homeless的用法。
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