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Unit 2 Neighbourhood 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. neighbourhood / ne b h d/ n. 社区；街区（短语：in the neighbourhood 在社区里）
2. neighbour / ne b (r)/ n. 邻居；邻人（复数：neighbours；形容词：neighbourly 友善的）
3. store /st (r)/ n. 商店；店铺（同义词：shop）
4. supermarket / su p mɑ k t/ n. 超市（短语：go to the supermarket 去超市）
5. bank /b k/ n. 银行（短语：bank clerk 银行职员）
6. hospital / h sp tl/ n. 医院（短语：in hospital 住院；go to hospital 去看病）
7. restaurant / restr nt/ n. 餐馆；饭店（短语：eat in a restaurant 在餐馆吃饭）
8. street /stri t/ n. 街道；大街（短语：on the street 在街上）
9. avenue / v nju / n. 大道；林荫道
10. road /r d/ n. 路；道路（短语：main road 主干道）
11. park /pɑ k/ n. 公园 v. 停车（短语：park the car 停车；in the park 在公园）
12. garden / ɡɑ dn/ n. 花园；菜园（短语：in the garden 在花园里）
13. centre / sent (r)/ n. 中心；中央（短语：community centre 社区中心）
14. service / s v s/ n. 服务；公共服务（形容词：serviceable 实用的）
15. helpful / helpfl/ adj. 有帮助的；乐于助人的（短语：be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助）
16. friendly / frendli/ adj. 友好的（比较级：friendlier；最高级：friendliest；短语：be friendly to sb. 对某人友好）
17. quiet / kwa t/ adj. 安静的；宁静的（副词：quietly；短语：a quiet neighbourhood 安静的社区）
18. busy / b zi/ adj. 忙碌的；热闹的（比较级：busier；最高级：busiest）
19. clean /kli n/ adj. 干净的 v. 打扫（反义词：dirty；短语：keep...clean 保持……干净）
20. dirty / d ti/ adj. 脏的；污秽的（比较级：dirtier；最高级：dirtiest）
21. live /l v/ v. 居住；生活（短语：live in 居住在；live with sb. 和某人一起住）
22. work /w k/ v. 工作；劳动 n. 工作（短语：work in a bank 在银行工作）
23. study / st di/ v. 学习；研究 n. 书房（短语：study hard 努力学习）
24. walk /w k/ v. 走；步行 n. 散步（短语：take a walk 散步；walk to school 步行上学）
25. take /te k/ v. 拿；乘坐（短语：take a bus 乘公交车；take a taxi 乘出租车）
26. get /ɡet/ v. 到达；得到（短语：get to 到达；get up 起床）
27. ask /ɑ sk/ v. 问；请求（短语：ask for help 寻求帮助；ask sb. sth. 问某人某事）
28. show / / v. 展示；给……看（过去式/过去分词：showed/shown；短语：show sb. around 带某人参观）
29. enjoy / n d / v. 享受；喜爱（短语：enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；enjoy oneself 玩得开心）
30. need /ni d/ v. 需要；必须 n. 需要（短语：need to do sth. 需要做某事）
二、重点短语
1. in the neighbourhood 在社区里
2. next to 紧挨着；在……旁边
3. across from 在……对面
4. between...and... 在……和……之间
5. turn left 向左转
6. turn right 向右转
7. go straight 直走
8. on the corner of 在……的拐角处
9. post office 邮局
10. police station 警察局
11. fire station 消防站
12. community centre 社区中心
13. ask for help 寻求帮助
14. get to know 逐渐了解
15. play games 玩游戏
16. take a walk 散步
17. enjoy the sunshine 享受阳光
18. have a good time 玩得开心
19. close to 靠近；接近
20. far from 远离
三、重点句型
1. —Where is the nearest supermarket
—It's next to the bank on Green Street.
（—最近的超市在哪里？—它在格林大街的银行旁边。）
2. Is there a park in your neighbourhood
Yes, there is. It's behind the community centre.
（你的社区里有公园吗？是的，有。它在社区中心后面。）
3. There aren't any restaurants on this road, but there are some on the next street.
（这条路上没有餐馆，但下一条街上有一些。）
4. I live in a quiet neighbourhood with lots of trees and beautiful flowers.
（我住在一个有很多树和漂亮花朵的安静社区里。）
5. My neighbours are very friendly and helpful. They often help me with my math homework.
（我的邻居们非常友好且乐于助人。他们经常帮我做数学作业。）
6. Could you tell me how to get to the hospital
Sure. Go straight and turn left at the first crossing. It's on your right.
（你能告诉我怎么去医院吗？当然可以。直走，在第一个十字路口左转。它在你的右边。）
7. Let's take a walk in the park after dinner. The air is so fresh there.
（晚饭后我们去公园散步吧。那里的空气很新鲜。）
8. I enjoy sitting in the garden and reading storybooks on sunny weekends.
（我喜欢在晴朗的周末坐在花园里读故事书。）
9. There is a big shopping centre close to my home. We can buy everything we need there.
（我家附近有一个大购物中心。我们可以在那里买到所有需要的东西。）
10. Is the community centre far from your apartment
No, it's only a five-minute walk.
（社区中心离你的公寓远吗？不远，步行只要五分钟。）
四、重点词汇辨析
1. there be & have/has
词汇 含义与用法 例句
there be 表示“某地存在某人/某物”，强调客观存在，be动词单复数遵循“就近原则” There is a cat under the old tree.（老树下有一只猫。） There are some apples and a banana on the table.（桌子上有一些苹果和一根香蕉。）
have/has 表示“某人拥有某物”，强调所属关系，主语通常是人或有生命的事物 I have a cute dog as my pet.（我有一只可爱的狗当宠物。） The old man has a small garden behind his house.（老人的房子后面有一个小花园。）
2. in, on, at（表地点）
词汇 含义与用法 例句
in 用于大地点（城市、国家、社区）或封闭空间（房间、建筑物内部） I live in a small but warm neighbourhood in Shanghai.（我住在上海一个小而温暖的社区里。） There is a comfortable sofa in the living room.（客厅里有一张舒适的沙发。）
on 用于具体街道、路名，或物体表面 The bookstore is on Zhongshan Road.（书店在中山路上。） There is a beautiful picture on the wall.（墙上有一幅漂亮的画。）
at 用于小地点（车站、公园门口、具体地址）或某一点位置 Let's meet at the bus stop near the community centre.（我们在社区中心附近的公交车站见面吧。） He is waiting for his friend at the park gate.（他在公园门口等朋友。）
3. next to, near, beside
词汇 含义与用法 例句
next to 表示“紧挨着”，距离最近，强调相邻关系 The café is next to the bookstore. I often buy a coffee after reading books.（咖啡馆紧挨着书店。我经常看完书后买一杯咖啡。）
near 表示“在……附近”，距离相对较近，但不一定相邻 There is a nice park near my home. I go there every morning to exercise.（我家附近有一个漂亮的公园。我每天早上去那里锻炼。）
beside 与next to意思相近，强调“在……旁边”，多用于书面语或正式场合 She sat beside her grandmother and listened to her old stories.（她坐在祖母旁边，听她讲古老的故事。）
4. live, stay
词汇 含义与用法 例句
live 表示长期居住、生活在某地，强调稳定的住所 My grandparents live in a quiet village in the countryside.（我的祖父母住在乡下一个安静的村庄里。）
stay 表示短期停留、暂住，或临时待在某地一段时间 I will stay at my cousin's house during the summer holiday.（暑假期间我会住在表姐家。）
五、重点语法
1. There be句型（肯定、否定、疑问形式）
含义：表示“某地存在某人或某物”，强调客观存在。
句式结构：
① 肯定句：There is + 可数名词单数/不可数名词 + 地点状语；There are + 可数名词复数 + 地点状语
例：There is a library in our neighbourhood.（我们社区里有一个图书馆。）
There are two supermarkets near my apartment.（我的公寓附近有两个超市。）
② 否定句：在be动词后加not，some需改为any
例：There isn't a post office on this street.（这条街上没有邮局。）
There aren't any restaurants in the small neighbourhood.（这个小社区里没有餐馆。）
③ 一般疑问句：将be动词提前，some改为any，肯定回答用“Yes, there is/are.”，否定回答用“No, there isn't/aren't.”
例：—Is there a park near here —Yes, there is.（—这附近有公园吗？—是的，有。）
—Are there any banks in your neighbourhood —No, there aren't.（—你的社区里有银行吗？—不，没有。）
④ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be + there + 地点状语？常用疑问词：what（什么）、where（哪里）、how many（多少）
例：What is there in the community centre （社区中心里有什么？）
How many trees are there in the park （公园里有多少棵树？）
2. 方位介词与介词短语
常见方位介词：in, on, at, next to, across from, between, behind, in front of, near等
用法：
① 表示位置关系：
The hospital is across from the supermarket.（医院在超市对面。）
The park is between the primary school and the bank.（公园在小学和银行之间。）
② 构成介词短语作定语或状语：
I like the house with a small garden in front of it.（我喜欢前面有小花园的房子。）
We often play basketball near the community centre after school.（放学后我们经常在社区中心附近打篮球。）
3. 特殊疑问句询问地点与路线
询问地点：用疑问词where引导
例：Where is the nearest police station （最近的警察局在哪里？）
Where do you live with your family （你和家人住在哪里？）
询问路线：用how引导，结合get to, go等动词
例：How can I get to the fire station from here （从这里我怎么去消防站？）
How do you go to the supermarket every weekend （你每个周末怎么去超市？）
4. 祈使句（指路用语）
含义：用于表达指路、命令、请求等语气，主语you常省略。
常用句式：
① 肯定式：动词原形 + 其他
例：Go straight along this road for five minutes.（沿着这条路直走五分钟。）
Turn right at the second traffic light.（在第二个红绿灯处右转。）
② 委婉式：Please + 动词原形 + 其他 / Could you + 动词原形 + 其他？
例：Please show me the way to the community library.（请告诉我去社区图书馆的路。）
Could you tell me where the nearest restaurant is （你能告诉我最近的餐馆在哪里吗？）
六、写作指导（介绍社区类短文）
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 引出自己的社区，简单描述社区的整体氛围（如温暖、热闹、安静等） I live in a wonderful neighbourhood. It's a great place to grow up. Let me share something about it with you.
主体 分点描述社区的核心设施（商店、公园、学校等）、邻里关系、日常活动，突出社区的优点 First, there are many convenient places in my neighbourhood. There is a big supermarket next to my home, so my mom can buy fresh food easily every day. Second, my neighbours are all very friendly. We often help each other and have small parties in the community centre. Third, there is a beautiful park where we can take walks and play games.
结尾 表达对社区的喜爱，总结社区带给自己的感受 I love my neighbourhood very much. It's not just a place to live, but a warm family full of love and care. I feel lucky to be part of it.
2. 范文示例
My Warm Neighbourhood
I live in a warm and lively neighbourhood near the city centre. It's a perfect place for people of all ages to live happily.
First, there are many useful facilities around us. There is a large supermarket across from my apartment building, so we can buy everything we need, from food to daily supplies, easily. Next to the supermarket is a small but delicious restaurant. My family often has dinner there on busy weekends. There is also a beautiful park behind our neighbourhood. It has a clear lake and lots of green trees. I usually take a walk there with my parents after dinner, and we enjoy the quiet and fresh air.
Second, my neighbours are all very friendly and helpful. Last month, when my parents had to work late, my neighbour Mrs. Wang invited me to her home for dinner and helped me with my homework. We also have a community party every summer, where we eat delicious food and play interesting games together. It makes us get to know each other better and feel like a big family.
I really love my neighbourhood. It gives me a sense of safety and warmth. I hope it will become even more beautiful and lively in the future.

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