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强化练9　前沿科技与生物科学类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
(2025·山东济南一模)
Wildlife photographer Ingo Arndt discovered his first enormous ant mound(蚁丘) as a child exploring the forest with his father near their home almost 50 years ago.They were bird-watching and came around a bend in a thickly wooded area when there it was：a five-foot-tall mound，standing upward like a large stalagmite(石笋)．Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.“All my life，” he says，“I could remember the smell.”
Several years later，Arndt moved to the countryside.He continued his fascination with the mounds and their armies of tiny engineers.①Outfitted with a ②high-resolution camera，he began photographing the mounds and sharing his ③imagery with researchers for a scientific perspective.It turned out the mound makers were indeed special.They were red wood ants—one of the smallest of all so-called keystone species.Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.Researchers also explained the smell from the mound.As the insects build a nest，they generate formic acid(蚁酸)，the origin of the smell，which helps to fight against enemies.
But in recent decades，the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging，④urbanization，and wildfires，as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.This has led several countries across the ants’ range，including Germany，to enlist them as a protected species by law.
Today Arndt’s photos are put on display，showing that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but they also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。
1．How was Arndt’s first encounter with the ant mound
A．It reminded him of a bad experience.
B．It left him an unforgettable memory.
C．It aroused his enthusiasm for nature.
D．It inspired him to protect the forests.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The wooded area.
B．The mound maker.
C．The keystone species.
D．The entire ecosystem.
3．What contributed to the decrease in the number of ants
A．Their worsened habitats.
B．Their changing behavior.
C．Their severe competition.
D．Their limited population.
4．What is the text mainly intended to tell us
A．Massive lives exist on earth.
B．Tiny species count in nature.
C．Social creatures live in groups.
D．Little ants are master architects.
语境猜词 ①outfit(合)＝out＋fit v．配备 ②high-resolution(合)＝high＋resolution adj.高清晰度的；高分辨率的 ③imagery(派)＝image＋ry n．照片 ④urbanization(派)＝urban＋iz(e)＋ation n．城市化
B
(2025·江西萍乡一模)
After the disastrous bushfires swept through Australia in 2020,73,000 square miles burned，affecting about 3 billion animals.Once the smoke cleared，WWF-US teamed up with colleagues from WWF-Australia to start a wildlife monitoring project called Eyes on Recovery.The idea was to set up a network of cameras that would serve as our eyes in the bush.My ①co-workers and I were determined to measure how Australia’s endangered wildlife was recovering.
In 2023，I traveled to Blue Mountains National Park in Eastern Australia.For a week，I，together with my co-workers，wrapped our arms around the trees to ②secure cameras around their trunks.WWF and 20 other organizations set up over 1,000 cameras across the land.What would we get through the cameras
To date，our efforts have got over 7 million photos，one of which shows a koala climbing into a new tree.But if I took just two seconds to review each of those 7 million images during my normal work week，I’d finish reviewing them in around four years.
We didn’t have that kind of time in conservation.So WWF worked with other conservation organizations to develop a better way to manage camera trap data called Wildlife Insights，an online platform that can separate out all those blank images，find the ones that contain wildlife，and identify which species is in a photo.We uploaded our 7 million photos to Wildlife Insights，and sorted in weeks.Over 150 different species were detected.
With the help of tools like Wildlife Insights，information was getting into the hands of ③decision-makers more quickly，which was important for species like the endangered koala.A third of their habitat burned in the fires，including their tree hollows.As an emergency measure，WWF-Australia and its partners quickly installed(安装) artificial trees and monitored them using cameras.After analyzing the photos，we were amazed to find koalas were using every single one of the trees.
With the ④ever-mounting challenges facing biodiversity，it’s essential that we should continue innovating through technology so that we can get ⑤actionable data and make faster conservation decisions.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在2020年澳大利亚大火之后，作者及其同事们利用技术设备监测澳大利亚濒危野生动物的恢复情况。最后文章也强调了面对生物多样性挑战，持续技术创新以获取可操作数据和快速决策的重要性。
5．What did the author and his co-workers do in Blue Mountains National Park
A．They set up a network of cameras.
B．They recorded endangered wildlife.
C．They took many photos of animals.
D．They collected data on various trees.
6．What made it necessary to develop Wildlife Insights
A．The increasing dependence on camera traps.
B．The growing number of endangered animals.
C．The time needed to deal with camera trap data.
D．The difficulty of collecting data on biodiversity.
7．Why were artificial trees installed
A．To advertise Wildlife Insights.
B．To use cameras efficiently.
C．To mark animals’ living conditions.
D．To provide homes for koalas.
8．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph
A．Issue a warning.
B．Make a suggestion.
C．Confirm a conclusion.
D．Present a new finding.
语境猜词 ①co-worker(派)＝co＋worker n．合作者；同事 ②secure熟义：adj.安全的 生义：v.固定 ③decision-maker(合)＝decision＋maker n．决策人 ④ever-mounting(合)＝ever＋mounting adj.不断增加的 ⑤actionable(派)＝action＋able adj.可操作的
C
(2025·广东深圳一调)
The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical—but it’s a real ability that some creatures have.A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric，and have special organs that can locate a nearby target，even when it’s hiding in the mud.Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.
“We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin，①bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’，” says Dr.Xinge Yu，an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong.The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensor is ②multi-layered.One layer acts as a transmitter(发射器)，which will generate an electric field once activated，and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object.A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter.When an object comes within range，the electric field around the sensor is disrupted(扰乱)，which in turn can be detected by the receiver.This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit，which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices.
A special biogel(生物凝胶) is used in the sensor，which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface.The end result is a sensor that is thin，soft and flexible，making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces，such as the human body.In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning，the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection，③transmission，and processing.
The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies，including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin，flexible e-skin.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种仿生传感器，灵感来自一种鱼类，无需视觉接触即可感知物体的位置。
9．What does the first paragraph aim to show
A．The special ability of African fish.
B．The inspiration for a new invention.
C．The big challenge of locating objects.
D．The reason for developing a sensor.
10．What is the correct order of the system’s working procedures
a．The transmitter creates an electric field.
b．A unit computes the position of the target.
c．The controller sends the activating signal.
d．The receiver detects the change of electric signals.
e．The electric field is disrupted by an approaching object.
A．c-a-e-d-b. B．c-a-d-e-b.
C．a-c-e-d-b. D．a-e-c-d-b.
11．What is an advantage of the new sensor system
A．Its sensitivity to different stimulations.
B．Its adaptation to environmental changes.
C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning.
D．Its speed in data collection and processing.
12．What is the best title for the text
A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin
B．Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching
C．E-skin Sensor：The Future of Machine Learning
D．Electric Fields：The Frontier of Object Detection
语境猜词 ①bio-inspired(派)＝bio＋inspired adj.受生物启发的；仿生的 ②multi-layered(派)＝multi＋layer＋ed adj.多层次的；有多层结构的 ③transmission(派)＝transmit＋sion n．传输强化练9　前沿科技与生物科学类说明文
(每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
(2025·山东济南一模)
Wildlife photographer Ingo Arndt discovered his first enormous ant mound(蚁丘) as a child exploring the forest with his father near their home almost 50 years ago.They were bird-watching and came around a bend in a thickly wooded area when there it was：a five-foot-tall mound，standing upward like a large stalagmite(石笋)．Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.“All my life，” he says，“I could remember the smell.”
Several years later，Arndt moved to the countryside.He continued his fascination with the mounds and their armies of tiny engineers.①Outfitted with a ②high-resolution camera，he began photographing the mounds and sharing his ③imagery with researchers for a scientific perspective.It turned out the mound makers were indeed special.They were red wood ants—one of the smallest of all so-called keystone species.Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.Researchers also explained the smell from the mound.As the insects build a nest，they generate formic acid(蚁酸)，the origin of the smell，which helps to fight against enemies.
But in recent decades，the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging，④urbanization，and wildfires，as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.This has led several countries across the ants’ range，including Germany，to enlist them as a protected species by law.
Today Arndt’s photos are put on display，showing that as social insects，these small ants not only form complex societies，but they also cohabitate with a wide variety of species，creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a variety of plant and animal species.They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。
1．How was Arndt’s first encounter with the ant mound
A．It reminded him of a bad experience.
B．It left him an unforgettable memory.
C．It aroused his enthusiasm for nature.
D．It inspired him to protect the forests.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Arndt wanted to investigate more closely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discomforting his nose.‘All my life，’ he says，‘I could remember the smell.’”可知，蚁丘的气味给Arndt留下了深刻的印象，即这段经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．The wooded area.
B．The mound maker.
C．The keystone species.
D．The entire ecosystem.
答案　D
解析　代词指代题。根据第二段中的“Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared，it would struggle to adapt.”可知，大象和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面，如果它们消失，整个生态系统将会很难适应，所以，画线代词it指的是上文提到的整个生态系统。故选D。
3．What contributed to the decrease in the number of ants
A．Their worsened habitats.
B．Their changing behavior.
C．Their severe competition.
D．Their limited population.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But in recent decades，the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging，urbanization，and wildfires，as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.”可知，栖息地日益恶化——森林遭受砍伐、城市化、野火的侵害，随着气候的变化，干旱、高温等极端天气愈发频繁——导致了蚂蚁数量的减少。故选A。
4．What is the text mainly intended to tell us
A．Massive lives exist on earth.
B．Tiny species count in nature.
C．Social creatures live in groups.
D．Little ants are master architects.
答案　B
解析　主旨大意题。全文通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。最后一段末句“They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures，we are actually protecting ourselves.”进一步点明了保护微小物种的意义。故选B。
语境猜词 ①outfit(合)＝out＋fit v．配备 ②high-resolution(合)＝high＋resolution adj.高清晰度的；高分辨率的 ③imagery(派)＝image＋ry n．照片 ④urbanization(派)＝urban＋iz(e)＋ation n．城市化
B
(2025·江西萍乡一模)
After the disastrous bushfires swept through Australia in 2020,73,000 square miles burned，affecting about 3 billion animals.Once the smoke cleared，WWF-US teamed up with colleagues from WWF-Australia to start a wildlife monitoring project called Eyes on Recovery.The idea was to set up a network of cameras that would serve as our eyes in the bush.My ①co-workers and I were determined to measure how Australia’s endangered wildlife was recovering.
In 2023，I traveled to Blue Mountains National Park in Eastern Australia.For a week，I，together with my co-workers，wrapped our arms around the trees to ②secure cameras around their trunks.WWF and 20 other organizations set up over 1,000 cameras across the land.What would we get through the cameras
To date，our efforts have got over 7 million photos，one of which shows a koala climbing into a new tree.But if I took just two seconds to review each of those 7 million images during my normal work week，I’d finish reviewing them in around four years.
We didn’t have that kind of time in conservation.So WWF worked with other conservation organizations to develop a better way to manage camera trap data called Wildlife Insights，an online platform that can separate out all those blank images，find the ones that contain wildlife，and identify which species is in a photo.We uploaded our 7 million photos to Wildlife Insights，and sorted in weeks.Over 150 different species were detected.
With the help of tools like Wildlife Insights，information was getting into the hands of ③decision-makers more quickly，which was important for species like the endangered koala.A third of their habitat burned in the fires，including their tree hollows.As an emergency measure，WWF-Australia and its partners quickly installed(安装) artificial trees and monitored them using cameras.After analyzing the photos，we were amazed to find koalas were using every single one of the trees.
With the ④ever-mounting challenges facing biodiversity，it’s essential that we should continue innovating through technology so that we can get ⑤actionable data and make faster conservation decisions.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在2020年澳大利亚大火之后，作者及其同事们利用技术设备监测澳大利亚濒危野生动物的恢复情况。最后文章也强调了面对生物多样性挑战，持续技术创新以获取可操作数据和快速决策的重要性。
5．What did the author and his co-workers do in Blue Mountains National Park
A．They set up a network of cameras.
B．They recorded endangered wildlife.
C．They took many photos of animals.
D．They collected data on various trees.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2023，I traveled to Blue Mountains National Park in Eastern Australia.For a week，I，together with my co-workers，wrapped our arms around the trees to secure cameras around their trunks.”可知，作者和他的同事们在蓝山国家公园安装了一个摄像头网络。故选A。
6．What made it necessary to develop Wildlife Insights
A．The increasing dependence on camera traps.
B．The growing number of endangered animals.
C．The time needed to deal with camera trap data.
D．The difficulty of collecting data on biodiversity.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But if I took just two seconds to review each of those 7 million images during my normal work week，I’d finish reviewing them in around four years.”以及第四段中的“We didn’t have that kind of time in conservation.So WWF worked with other conservation organizations to develop a better way to manage camera trap data called Wildlife Insights”可推知，处理监测数据需要花费大量时间，这就是开发Wildlife Insights的必要性。故选C。
7．Why were artificial trees installed
A．To advertise Wildlife Insights.
B．To use cameras efficiently.
C．To mark animals’ living conditions.
D．To provide homes for koalas.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“A third of their habitat burned in the fires，including their tree hollows.As an emergency measure，WWF-Australia and its partners quickly installed(安装) artificial trees and monitored them using cameras.After analyzing the photos，we were amazed to find koalas were using every single one of the trees.”可推知，安装人造树是为了给考拉提供家园。故选D。
8．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph
A．Issue a warning.
B．Make a suggestion.
C．Confirm a conclusion.
D．Present a new finding.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the ever-mounting challenges facing biodiversity，it’s essential that we should continue innovating through technology so that we can get actionable data and make faster conservation decisions.”可知，作者在最后一段中提出了一个建议，即通过技术创新来获取可操作的数据，从而更快地做出保护决策。故选B。
语境猜词 ①co-worker(派)＝co＋worker n．合作者；同事 ②secure熟义：adj.安全的 生义：v.固定 ③decision-maker(合)＝decision＋maker n．决策人 ④ever-mounting(合)＝ever＋mounting adj.不断增加的 ⑤actionable(派)＝action＋able adj.可操作的
C
(2025·广东深圳一调)
The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical—but it’s a real ability that some creatures have.A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric，and have special organs that can locate a nearby target，even when it’s hiding in the mud.Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.
“We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin，①bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’，” says Dr.Xinge Yu，an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong.The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensor is ②multi-layered.One layer acts as a transmitter(发射器)，which will generate an electric field once activated，and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object.A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter.When an object comes within range，the electric field around the sensor is disrupted(扰乱)，which in turn can be detected by the receiver.This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit，which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices.
A special biogel(生物凝胶) is used in the sensor，which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface.The end result is a sensor that is thin，soft and flexible，making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces，such as the human body.In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning，the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection，③transmission，and processing.
The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies，including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin，flexible e-skin.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种仿生传感器，灵感来自一种鱼类，无需视觉接触即可感知物体的位置。
9．What does the first paragraph aim to show
A．The special ability of African fish.
B．The inspiration for a new invention.
C．The big challenge of locating objects.
D．The reason for developing a sensor.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric，and have special organs that can locate a nearby target，even when it’s hiding in the mud.Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.”可知，第一段主要介绍了科学家们研发出了模仿一种有特殊的器官的鱼的能力的人工传感器系统，由此可知，第一段旨在介绍一个新发明的灵感来源。故选B。
10．What is the correct order of the system’s working procedures
a．The transmitter creates an electric field.
b．A unit computes the position of the target.
c．The controller sends the activating signal.
d．The receiver detects the change of electric signals.
e．The electric field is disrupted by an approaching object.
A．c-a-e-d-b. B．c-a-d-e-b.
C．a-c-e-d-b. D．a-e-c-d-b.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，该人工传感器系统的工作过程是独立控制器发送激活信号，发射器被激活进而产生电场，电场被接近的物体扰乱，接收器检测电信号的变化，最后一个微控制器单元计算目标的位置，A选项是系统工作程序的正确顺序。故选A。
11．What is an advantage of the new sensor system
A．Its sensitivity to different stimulations.
B．Its adaptation to environmental changes.
C．Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning.
D．Its speed in data collection and processing.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning，the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors.This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection，transmission，and processing.”可知，新传感器系统在实现3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗。故选C。
12．What is the best title for the text
A．Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin
B．Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching
C．E-skin Sensor：The Future of Machine Learning
D．Electric Fields：The Frontier of Object Detection
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段中的“A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric，and have special organs that can locate a nearby target，even when it’s hiding in the mud.Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.”可知，文章主要介绍了受生物启发研发的一种新型传感器系统，该传感器能够通过电场感知物体而无需接触，具备灵活、高效的特点。B选项准确概括了文章的核心内容。故选B。
语境猜词 ①bio-inspired(派)＝bio＋inspired adj.受生物启发的；仿生的 ②multi-layered(派)＝multi＋layer＋ed adj.多层次的；有多层结构的 ③transmission(派)＝transmit＋sion n．传输

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