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https://book.21cnjy.com/studio/detail id=2032
How do you spend your free time
(Section A Grammar)
人教版（2024） 八年级下册
Unit 1 Time to Relax
通过本节课学习，我能够：
1. 归纳总结动词不定式的基本结构，明确其语法功能和
用法特点。
2. 在语境中正确运用动词不定式表达目的、愿望、计划
等；准确使用动词不定式完成句子填空和对话练习。
3. 准确运用动词不定式描述自己的课余活动和个人经历，
增进同伴间的了解和交流。
Learning objectives
Review
Do you remember what they usually do in their free time
He likes programming.
What does Teng Fei usually do in his free time
Why does he like doing it
He does it to create an app.
She likes painting pictures.
What does Helen usually do in her free time
How did she get into it
She saw her mother paint. She decided to give it a go.
She likes to play the flute.
What does Chen Jie usually do in her free time
Why
She plays it to relax.
She likes to swim.
What does Fu Xing usually do in her free time
Why did she start swimming
She started swimming to get over her fear.
She likes to try ice skating.
What does Emma usually do in her free time
What did her instructor say to her
Her instructor told her not to give up so easily.
Can you divide these sentences into 2 or 3 groups
Work in groups
1. 理解每个句子中
to do /do 的含义。
2. 根据含义将句子分类。
He does it to create an app.
She saw her mother paint.
She likes to play the flute.
She plays it to relax.
He likes to swim.
He started swimming to get over her fear.
She likes to try ice skating.
Her instructor told her not to give up so easily.
She decided to give it a go.
Lead-in
She likes to play the flute.
He likes to swim.
She likes to try ice skating.
She decided to give it a go.
He does it to create an app.
She plays it to relax.
He started swimming to get over her fear.
She saw her mother paint.
Her instructor told her not to give up so easily.
不定式做 宾语
不定式做 目的状语
不定式做 宾语补足语
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice-skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
4a
adverbial
adverbial
object complement
object complement
一、概述：
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时to可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。并且，动词不定式（短语）不能在句中作谓语，属于“非谓语动词”。
二、结构：
1. 肯定结构：to + 动词原形；
He started swimming to get over her fear.
Her instructor told her not to give up so easily.
2. 否定结构：not+ to+ 动词原形
三、常见用法：
1. 动词不定式作主语
To learn more about Chinese history is very important.
It is very important to learn more about Chinese history.
To help others brings happiness.
总结：不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。to do 作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语后置。
即：It is + adj.+ (for sb) to do sth
2. 动词不定式作表语
Miss Wang’s work is to teach math.
The best way to relax is to listen to music.
Her goal is to get over her fear of water.
总结：放在系动词（如 be, seem）之后，用来说明主语的具体内容或目的，常可译为“是…”。其结构为： 主语（常为抽象名词/代词）+ be + to do sth.
3. 动词不定式作宾语
She likes to play the flute.
She likes to swim.
She decided to give it a go.
总结：接在表示“计划、决定、想要”等动词后，作该动词的宾语。其结构为：decide / want / plan / hope + to do sth.
常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词如下：
要求、选择和同意
ask
choose
agree
期望、决定和学习
expect
decide
learn
宁可、假装和计划
prefer
pretend
plan
希望、想要和愿意
wish
hope
want
would like
4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
Her instructor told her not to give up so easily.
My teacher asked me to read more books.
My dad encourages me not to give up playing the guitar.
总结：用来补充说明宾语的情况。
结构：v. + sb. (not) to do sth. 常见动词有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, invite, teach, tell, want/would like, expect等
动词不定式作宾语补足语
She saw her mother paint.
I heard him sing in the classroom.
This movie made me feel happy.
总结：在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look，see，notice， watch）。help 后用带 to 或不带 to 的不定式均可。
5. 动词不定式作目的状语
She plays it to relax.
She started swimming to get over her fear.
To get good grades, he studies hard.
总结：表示做某事的目的或意图，常译为“为了…”。动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时，通常放在句末，无需加逗号；也可放在句首，强调目的，需加逗号, 与后面的内容隔开.
6. 动词不定式作原因状语，常接在作表语的形容词后面。
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。
7. 动词不定式作结果状语，常接用在“too... to”结构中。
She is too young to go to school. 她太小了，不能上学。
8. 动词不定式作定语
That's a good way to spend your weekend.
She has a lot to practise.
I would like something to drink.
总结：放在名词或代词后面，修饰该名词，表示“要…的”。
结构：名词/代词 + to do sth.
A: Thanks for your advice! It made me _________ (decide) to
try skiing.
B: You’re welcome. Try __________ (forget) your fears and
have fun!
A: My cousin often asks me ________ (fly) kites with her when
it’s windy.
B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you ________ (fly) kites
sometime.
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1.
2.
decide
to forget
to fly
fly
4b
A: I love to watch kung fu movies _________ (relax).
B: Really When I want __________ (relax), I watch
animal videos.
A: My parents told me _____________ (not push) myself
too hard.
B: Yes, it’s important ______________ (not forget) to
relax once in a while.
3.
4.
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _______ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ___________ after that. He doesn’t like sport very much! Instead, he likes ________ at home and _______ movies, ________ to music, and chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us _________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us ________ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
4c
Let's watch the video and check our answers.
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _______ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ___________ after that. He doesn’t like sport very much! Instead, he likes ________ at home and _______ movies, ________ to music, and chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us _________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us ________ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
to play
not to come
4c
to stay
watch
listen
to spend
do
After learning about their free-time activities, let’s talk about what you usually do outdoors
1. How did you get into painting
get into (1) 开始做某事
Language points
She got into painting after taking a few art classes.
在上过几节美术课后，她就开始接触绘画了。
(2) 进入
He easily got into the building through the open door.
他轻而易举地从开着的门进入了大楼。
近义短语：take up 开始学；开始从事
(3) get into 还可表示“处于(某种情形)；养成(某种习惯) ”。
Nobody wants to get into trouble.
没有人想惹上麻烦。
She got into the habit of taking a nap at noon.
她养成了中午休憩的习惯。
2. I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
give it a go 试一试某事
此处 go 作名词，意为“尝试，一番努力”，give it a go 是英语中常用的口语表达，相当于 have a try。
This maths problem may be too hard，but let’s give it a go first.
这道数学题也许太难，但我们先试一试吧。
Let me have a go at riding your new bike.
让我试试骑你的新自行车。
3. It made me decide to try skiing.
辨析：try doing sth 与 try to do sth
Did you ever try writing 你曾经尝试过写作吗？
Don’t worry. I’ll try to deal with the problem.
不要担心。我将尽力处理这个问题。
try doing sth 尝试做某事 强调试着做做看
try to do sth 尽力做某事 强调想尽一切办法做
4. My parents told me not to push myself too hard.
push v. 督促；推
① 督促，鞭策
push sb/oneself too hard 把某人/自己逼得太紧
push sb to do sth 督促/鞭策某人做某事
My parents push me to study harder before the exam.
我父母催促我考试前更努力学习。
You can’t push your children too hard.
你不能把你的孩子们逼得太紧。
② 推，推力 反义词是pull “拉”
Give the car a push, and it will start.
推一下这辆车，它就能发动了。
The child needs a little push to climb up the step.
这个小孩需要一点推力才能爬上台阶。
5. Yes, it’s important not to forget to relax once in a while.
once in a while 偶尔地；间或
相当于 from time to time。表示某个动作或事件并非频繁发生，而是间隔一段时间出现一次。
His grandpa goes fishing once in a while.
他的爷爷偶尔去钓鱼。
Once in a while, I help pack up things.
我偶尔帮忙整理东西。
Section A (Grammar Focus)
Summary
做表语
做定语
做主语
做状语
做宾语
做宾语补足语
动词不定式
Exercise
I. 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
1. He came around last week and we __________ (闲聊) for a while.
2. Although they are tired, they still ________ (督促) themselves to go on
training.
3. When the season changes, many people catch a cold _______ (容易地).
4. I guess that your brother is watching some animal __________ (视频).
5. There's no coffee now. Would you like a cup of tea _________ (代替)？
6. I hurt __________ (我自己) when I fell down from my bike yesterday.
chatted
push
easily
videos
instead
myself
II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I like ________ (read) every day because it helps me ________ (learn)
new things.
2. She encourages me ________ (start) with 10 minutes a day.
3. They ask me ________ (join) their basketball team.
4. It’s a great way _________ (make) friends and _________ (relax).
5. I decided ________ (give) it a go after I saw my cousin play.
6. We remind you ___________ (practice) every day if you want
___________ (improve).
7. The purpose of this activity is ________ (help) you _____________
(develop) a new skill.
to read
to learn
to start
to join
to make
to relax
to give
to practice
to improve
to help
(to) develop
Homework
1. Review and understand the grammar—Infinitives as
adverbials and object complements.
2. Do the related exercises to consolidate what we’ve learnt today.
Must do:
Introduce an activity that you really want to try; list its 3 benefits and 2 difficulties; provide 3 practical tips for people who want to try.
Try to do:
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