【弯道超车】Unit 7 Charities 核心语法之一般过去时的被动语态-2026年春译林版(2024)八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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【弯道超车】Unit 7 Charities 核心语法之一般过去时的被动语态-2026年春译林版(2024)八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2026年春译林版(2024)八年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练
Unit 7 Charities
核心语法:一般过去时的被动语态
一、核心概念
1. 什么是一般过去时的被动语态?
定义:表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作,或描述过去的状态
核心结构:was/were + 过去分词 (p.p.)
功能:强调过去的动作由主语承受,而非执行
二、结构公式
1. 基本结构:was/were + 过去分词
主语 be动词 结构 例句
I/He/She/It was was + p.p. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.
We/You/They were were + p.p. These photos were taken last year.
教材例句:
"Oxfam was set up in 1942."
"The first charity shop was opened in 1947."
2. 否定形式:was/were + not + 过去分词
缩写:wasn't, weren't
例:The meeting wasn't held yesterday.
3. 疑问形式:Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 +
例:Were the Olympic Games held in Beijing in 2008
三、被动语态的使用情景
1. 动作的执行者不明确或无需指出
情景 例句 说明
执行者不明确 The old building was pulled down last month. 不知道谁拆的
无需指出执行者 The meeting was held in the school hall. 不需要指出谁举办的
执行者泛指 Rice was first grown in China. 泛指农民种植
教材例句:
"Dr Ma's plane was used as a training centre."(马医生的飞机被用作培训中心。— 谁用不重要)
2. 强调动作的承受者而非执行者
主动语态 被动语态(强调承受者)
People built this bridge in 1990. This bridge was built in 1990.(强调桥本身)
Someone stole my bike. My bike was stolen last night.(强调自行车被偷)
3. 描述历史事件、发明等
例句 说明
The first computer was invented in 1946. 第一台计算机于1946年发明
Project Hope was started in 1989. 希望工程于1989年启动
教材例句:
"The first charity shop was opened in 1947."
四、主动语态变被动语态
三步转换法
找宾语:主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语
变谓语:主动句的谓语(动词过去式)→ was/were + 过去分词
加by短语:原主语前加by(可省略)
转换示例
步骤 示例
主动句 People opened the first charity shop in 1947.
① 宾语变主语 The first charity shop...
② 谓语变被动 ... was opened ...
③ 加by短语 ... by people in 1947.
被动句 The first charity shop was opened by people in 1947.
常见转换对比表
主动语态 被动语态
They built this bridge in 1990. This bridge was built in 1990.
They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held yesterday.
Did they finish the work Was the work finished
They didn't send the letters. The letters weren't sent.
关于by短语的省略规则
情况 例句 说明
保留by短语 The car was cleaned by my father. 强调“谁洗的”
省略by短语 The car was cleaned yesterday. 不需要知道谁洗的
省略by短语 The bridge was built in 1990. 泛指谁建的
五、特殊句型处理
1. 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词在被动语态中应视为一个整体,不可拆分:
主动句 被动句
They set up Oxfam in 1942. Oxfam was set up in 1942.
The workers pulled down the old building. The old building was pulled down.
Someone took care of the children. The children were taken care of.
教材例句:
"Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942."
常见短语动词:
set up(建立)
pull down(拆除)
take care of(照顾)
look after(照看)
2. 双宾语动词的被动语态
当主动句有两个宾语时,通常有两种被动形式:
主动句 被动句1(人作主语) 被动句2(物作主语)
My uncle sent me a gift. I was sent a gift by my uncle. A gift was sent to me by my uncle.
They gave him a prize. He was given a prize. A prize was given to him.
教材例句:
"Children in poor areas were sent new books."
3. 不定式作宾补的被动语态
主动语态中“动词 + sb + to do sth”结构,变被动时需保留不定式符号 to:
主动句 被动句
The teacher asked him to read the book. He was asked to read the book.
六、常见错误提醒
常见错误及纠正:
be动词形式错误
The bridge were built in 1990.(bridge是单数)
The bridge was built in 1990.
遗漏be动词
The work finished yesterday.(应为被动)
The work was finished yesterday.
用错过去分词
The letter was write by Lucy.
The letter was written by Lucy.
短语动词介词遗漏
The children were taken care by their grandmother.
The children were taken care of by their grandmother.
否定句结构错误
The work was not finished not.
The work was not finished.
七、三种时态被动语态对比
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done The plane is used as a training centre.
一般过去时 did was / were + done Oxfam was set up in 1942.
一般将来时 will do will be + done A new hospital will be built next year.
教材典型对比:
现在:The plane is used as a training centre.(现在被用作)
过去:The first charity shop was opened in 1947.(过去被开张)
八、记忆口诀
一般过去时被动语态口诀
过去被动很简单,was/were加过分记心间;
单数主语用was,复数主语用were连。
过去时间作标志,yesterday/last...要出现;
否定句加not紧跟,疑问句was/were提前。
主动变被三步曲:
① 宾变主,② 谓变was/were加过分,③ by加执行者后面跟。
特殊短语要注意:
set up和take care of,介词副词不能掉;
视为整体来使用,被动句中一样牢。
1. A present ____ me by my friend on my birthday.
A.is giving B.was given to
C.is given for D.will give to
2. ____ teaching building____ in our school last year
A.Was...built B.Is...built
C.Does... built D.Were...built
3.Eleven Chinese films during the 7th Chinese Film Festival in France last month.
A.showed B.are shown C.were shown
4.—Football by the British over 100 years ago.
—That's why football is one of popular games there.
A.was invented; the most B.invented; more
C.was invented; more D.invented; the most
5.The girl was seen the piano at 4.00 yesterday afternoon.
A.to play B.play C.playing D.played
6.These photos_____________________ in the Summer Palace when we visited Beijing last year.
A.take B.took C.are taken D.were taken
7.Pukou Railway Station in 1911 and it has become a filmin910cation for films and TV plays in recent years.
A.build B.is built C.built D.was built
8.— beautiful painting!
—Yes. It by Lucy last year.
A.What; painted B.How; is painted C.What a; was painted
9.He some pieces of advice, but he to them.
A.gave; didn't listen
B.was given; wasn't listened
C.was given; didn't listen
10. Because of the heavy rainstorm, visitors in Qingdao ____ to stay away from the beach yesterday.
A.warned B.are warned C.were warned D.have warned
11.—Last night, his car _______in his community.
—Wow, that's terrible!
A.was stolen B.was stealing C.stolen
12.Eleven Chinese films ____________during the 7th Chinese Film Festival in France last month.
A.showed B.are shown C.were shown D.show
13.—Did you go to Sally's birthday party last night
—No, I ________.
A.didn't invite B.am not invited C.wasn't invited
14.No one knows how the huge rocks _______ and _______ without our modern machines eight hundred years ago.
A.were cut; moved B.were cut; move
C.are cut; moving D.are cut; moved
15._____ a new library _____ in our school last year
A.Is; built B.Does; build C.Was; built D.Did; build
16. The United States ____ in 1776. It has a history of over 200 years.
A.found B.was found C.founded D.was founded
17.Mr. Smith's first book _______________ ten years ago.
A.published B.publishes C.is published D.was published
18.—Why are you so excited today
—We were told ___________a picnic this weekend.
A.have B.to have C.having D.had
19.Paper first about 2,000 years ago in China.
A.is; creating B.is; created C.was; created
20.——Why didn't you go to Tom's birthday party
——Sorry, _________.
A.I wasn't invited B.I didn't invited
C.I can't invite D.I aren't invited
21.___________ all students know that information
—Yes, everyone ___________about it.
A.Did; told B.Did; was told C.Was; told D.Was; was told
22.______ many trees ______ last spring
A.Was; plants B.Was; planted
C.Were; planting D.Were; planted
23.These babies _____ by the nurse.
A.were looked B.looked after
C.looked D.were looked after
24. —What a lovely cake! Who made it for you
—The birthday cake ____ by my sister.
A.prepare
B.prepares
C.prepared
D.was prepared
E.None of the above
25.He _____ some pieces of advice, but he _____ to them.
A.gave; didn't listen B.was given; wasn't listened
C.give; wasn't listened D.was given; didn't listen
26.Annie to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.
A.invites B.is invited C.was invited D.has invited
27. I was ____ to play a role in the English play.
A.choose B.chose C.chosen D.to choose
28.Put on more clothes, Kate. The window in our room yesterday.
A.was broken B.are broken C.have broken
29. There was little time left in the meeting, so Dr Robot ____ to cut down his speech to 20minutes.
A.told B.was told C.was telling D.is told
30.As is known to all,the 2022 Winter Olympics ____ in China.
A.has held B.is holding
C.will be held D.was held
31.On June 11th, 2013, with three astronauts on board, Shenzhou-10 ______ into space from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre.
A.sent up B.are sent up C.was sent up D.is sent up
32.The young man ________ break into a bank by a policeman last night.
A.saw to B.is seen to C.was seen D.was seen to
33. At last, the poor woman ____ that the company couldn't afford ____ her work.
A.told; paying for B.was told; paying
C.told; to pay D.was told; to pay for
34.A question was _______by the reporter, "Mr. President, the price of rice _______greatly recently. How are you going to deal with the problem "
A.raised; has risen B.risen; is raising
C.raised; is raising D.risen; has risen
35.——What's wrong with Sally?
——She was ill. She ______in the rain yesterday.
A.caught B.has caught C.is caught D.was caught
36. ____ the doctors and nurses, the young man was saved in time.
A.As for B.According to C.Thanks for D.Thanks to
37.A story, by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us to B.was told to us C.is told us
38.A crowd gathered and I _______ to tell where I lived.
A.am urged B.was urged C.urges D.urged
39. Loads of advice on how to solve the problem ____ yesterday, but it seemed that the situation didn't get better.
A.was given B.were given
C.have been given D.has been given
40. —When ____ the People's Republic of China ____
—On October 1.1949.
A.did …found B.was …found
C.was … founded D.is … founded
41.They insisted on _______ another chance to try.
A.given B.giving C.being given D.to be given
42.—It was Jack's 16thbirthday yesterday. Why didn't you go to his party
— Oh, I________.
A.Didn't invite B.am not invited C.wasn't invited D.don't invited
43.Paper ______ in 105 A.D. by Cai Lun in China.
A.is invented B.invented C.was invented D.is inventing
44.––Did your mother go to Amy's party
––No, she __________.
A.hasn't invited B.isn't invited C.wasn't invited D.did't invite
45.Wang Yuan ________ to give a speech at ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017.
A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invited
46. The Taj Mahal ____ by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife.
A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds
47.The 16th Asian Game in Guangzhou in November, 2010.
A.holds B.will hold C.was held D.will be held
48.—Look! There is a ___________here. It says "The bridge is dangerous".
—Sure it is. The bridge___________ about fifty years ago and it is very old now.
A.notice; was built B.notice; has been built
C.warning sign; has been built D.warning sign; was built
49.—Did Jim go to the party last night
—Oh, no! He_________.
A.didn't invite B.wasn't invited C.isn't invited D.hasn't invited
50.Many houses ______ in the big fire a few years ago. What a pity!
A.were damaged B.damage C.were damaging D.damaged
参考答案及试题解析
1.B
【解析】句意:我的朋友在我生日的时候给了我一个礼物。give给,动词,give sth to sb把某物给某人,固定搭配,此处present是give的动作承受者,用被动语态,根据句意可知,礼物已经给过,是一般过去时,所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态,用was/were done,故选B。
【点评】考查固定搭配,一般过去时的被动语态。注意根据语境选择正确的时态和语态。
2.A
【解析】句意:我们学校的教学楼是去年被建的吗?分析句子成分可知teaching building是主语,与谓语动词"建造"是逻辑的动宾关系。要用被动语态。根据句中ast year,可知是一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子主语和谓语动词关系确定语态。根据时间主语确定时态。
3.C
【解析】句意:上个月在第七届中国电影节期间,11部中国电影被展示。A.一般过去时;B.一般现在时的被动语态;C.一般过去时的被动语态。last month是一般过去时的标志词,主语films是动作show的承受者,所以用一般过去时被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,film是复数,所以用were,show的过去分词是shown,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意识记其结构。
4.A
【解析】句意:——足球是100多年前由英国人发明的。——这就是为什么足球是那里最受欢迎的运动之一。空一,ago是一般过去时标志,根据by可知是被动语态,故是一般过去时被动语态was invented,空二,one of是最高级标志,故用定冠词+most,more是比较级,故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去时被动语态,注意识记最高级的用法。
5.C
【解析】句意;昨天下午四点,有人看见这个女孩正在弹钢琴。现在分词作宾语补足语表示正在进行的伴随性动作,结合语境可知选C。
【点评】非谓语动词的用法比较固定,区别的主要办法一是和被修饰词的关系。一般现在分词和被修饰词是主谓关系,过去分词和被修饰词是动宾关系。二是表示动作状态的不同,现在分词表示正在进行的伴随性动作,过去分词表示发生过的被动的动作,不定式表示具体的将要进行的动作。掌握这两点,基本就能完成此类问题。
本题难点就是确定所给选项在句子中充当的句子成分,这可以通过分析原题的句子成分来确定。如果原文不缺少句子成分,则是需要非谓语动词。如果原题谓语不完整,则有可能是谓语动词。
6.D
【解析】句意:这些照片是我们去年参观北京时在颐和园拍的。根据last year,可知句子时态是一般过去时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,可知此处是一般过去时的被动语态,was/were+done,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语确定句子时态,根据主语和谓语之间的被动关系确定被动语态。
7.D
【解析】主语“Pukou Railway Station”是谓语动词的承受者,故要用被动语态; 再由时间状语“in 1911”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故选D。
【点评】本题考查动词的时态和语态。
8.C
【解析】句意:——多漂亮的画啊!——是的。它是去年露西画的。在感叹中强调名词时,引导词用what,painting画,是可数名词,前面用不定冠词a修饰;根据last year,可知句子时态是一般过去时,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,故选C。
【点评】此题考查感叹句和一般过去时的被动语态。注意what引导的感叹句和一般过去时的被动语态的结构。
9.C
【解析】句意:他得到了一些建议,但是他没有听取。时态是一般过去时,第一句中主语he是动作give的承受者,所以用被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,主语he是单数,所以用was,give的过去分词是given;第二句主语he是动作listen的执行者,所以用主动语态,时态是一般过去时,根据句意可知是没听意见,listen是实义动词,含有实义动词的否定句在实义动词前加didn't,实义动词变为原形,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时和一般过去时的被动语态,注意平时识记,理解句意。
10.C
【解析】句意:由于暴雨,青岛的游客昨天被警告远离海滩。A一般过去时;B一般现在时的被动语态;C一般过去时的被动语态;D现在完成时。根据"yesterday"(昨天)可知时态为过去时,结合"visitors"与"warn"之间是被动关系(游客被警告),用被动语态,故选C。
【点评】考查时态和语态。根据关键词及主语和动词之间的关系判断时态和语态,从而得出答案。
11.A
【解析】句意:——昨晚,他的车在他的小区里被偷了。——哇,太可怕了!last night是一般过去时标志,steal和主语car是被动关系,故是一般过去时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数故助动词是was,steal的过去分词是stolen,故选A。
【点评】考查语态,注意一般过去时的被动语态的用法。
12.C
【解析】句意:在上个月中国电影节放映了11部中国电影。根据last month可知句子时态是过去时,根据主语和谓语之间是被动关系,可知句子是一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语确定句子时态,根据主谓的主被动关系确定句子的语态。
13.C
14.A
【解析】根据时间状语可知从句中叙述的为过去发生的事情, cut和moved为并列谓语所以用过去时态,huge rocks是被移动,所以用被动语态,故选A。
15.C
【解析】句意:去年我们学校建了新图书馆吗?library与build之间构成被动关系,故用被动语态,根据last year可知用一般过去时,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
16.D
【解析】句意:美国成立于1776年。它有超过200年的历史。 found 动词原形,意为"成立,建立";was found 一般过去时的被动语态,意为"被找到";founded 动词过去式或过去分词; was founded 一般过去时的被动语态,意为"被成立"。根据"in 1776"可知,时态是一般过去时; 主语"The United States"与动词"found"之间是被动关系。故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。掌握一般过去时的被动语态的用法。
17.D
【解析】句意:史密斯先生的第一本书是十年前出版的。A:published出版,过去式;B:publishes出版,三单形式;C:is published被出版,一般现在时的被动语态;D:was published被出版,一般过去时的被动语态;根据空格后ten years ago,十年前,可知时态为一般过去时,主语book与动词publish之间是被动关系,可知此处为一般过去时的被动语态,结构为was/were done,主语为单数形式,可知此处应用was published,故选D。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态,注意识记一般过去时的被动语态was/were done的用法。
18.B
【解析】句意:——你今天为什么这么兴奋?——这个周末我们被告知有一次野餐。固定搭配tell sb to do sth,告诉某人做某事,变成被动语态是:sb be told to do sth,某人被告诉做某事,have,有,动词,故选B。
【点评】考查被动语态。注意固定搭配tell sb to do sth,告诉某人做某事。
19.C
【解析】句意:纸在大约2000年前的中国被创造出来。根据2,000 years ago,2000年前,可知,此句的时态为一般过去时,所以谓语动词要用过去式,且纸是被创造出来,所以用被动语态was created,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时和被动语态。注意动词的正确形式和被动语态的用法。
20.A
【解析】I wasn't invited没有邀请我;I didn't invited我没有邀请;I can't invite我不能邀请;I aren't invited不邀请我.根据上文,你为什么没有去参加汤姆的生日聚会?结合语境可知下文描述的是过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。选A。
【点评】交际用语的考查也是英语考试的重点,做此类题型首先要理解各个选项的基本含义,然后结合具体语境选择符合逻辑关系的答语。同时注意上下文在时态,人称和数上的对应关系,注意一些句型在答语上与汉语不同的特点, 不能以中式思维思考英语问题。
21.B
【解析】句意:——所有的学生都知道那个信息吗?——是的,每个人都告诉了。在一般过去时中,谓语动词是行为动词,在疑问句中借助于助动词did;根据主语和谓语之间的关系可知此处是一般过去时的被动语态,故选B。
【点评】考查含一般过去时的一般疑问句和一般过去时的被动语态,注意在疑问句中要借助于助动词did以及识记被动语态的结构。
22.D
【解析】句意:去年春天种了许多树吗?根据句中的主语many trees,许多树,不能执行plant种植的动作,它是动作的承受者,用被动语态,构成was/were+动词的过去分词,且主语trees是复数,用were planted。故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意掌握一般过去时的被动语态的构成。
23.D
【解析】句意:这些宝宝受到护士的照顾。look after照顾。babies与look after构成被动关系,故用被动语态,因此选D。
【点评】考查被动语态。
24.D
【解析】句意:——多可爱的蛋糕啊!谁给你做的?——生日蛋糕是我姐姐准备的。prepare准备,与the birthday cake之间是动宾关系,用被动语态be+过去分词,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据主语与动词之间的关系,确定正确语态。
25.D
【解析】句意:别人给他一些建议,但是他不听。根据句意可知he与give构成被动关系,故用被动语态; listen to听;听取。he与listen to构成主动关系,故选D。
【点评】考查被动语态。
26.C
【解析】句意:安妮被邀请参加聚会,她跟我们一起玩得很开心。由句意可知构成被动语态,由had可知用一般过去时。故选C
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
27.C
【解析】句意:我被选为在英语话剧中表演。A是动词原形,B是动词的过去式,C是动词的过去分词,D是动词不定式,be chosen to do sth.意为"被选择去做某事",为被动语态结构,符合题意,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态和过去分词。注意被动语态的结构。
28.A
【解析】句意:Kate,多穿点衣服。我们房间的窗户昨天……。根据句意可知是被打破了,用被动语态,由yesterday可知用一般过去时,故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
29.B
【解析】句意:会议剩下的时间不多了,所以 Dr. Robot 被告知将他的演讲缩短到 20 分钟。A一般过去时;B一般过去时的被动语态;C过去进行时;D一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知Dr. Robot是被告知要将演讲缩短,需要被动语态,整体句子为一般过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态,故选B。
【点评】考查时态语态。根据句意及关键词锁定时态和语态,得出答案。
30.D
【解析】句意:众所周知,2022年冬奥会是在中国举办的。A.has held已经举办;B.is holding正在举办;C.will be held将会被举办;D.was held被举办。根据语境"the 2022 Winter Olympics...in China"可知,此处谓语动词与主语"the 2022 Winter Olympics"为被动关系,且时间是过去的时间,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意根据主语与谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词形式。
31.C
【解析】句意:在2013年六月十一日,载有十名宇航员的神舟十号宇宙飞船在酒泉航天中心被送入太空。根据时间On June 11th, 2013 可知,用一般过去时,排除B和D,又结合主语Shenzhou—10神舟十号不能执行send up发送的动作,它是动作的承受者,用被动语态,即是一般过去时的被动语态,构成was/were+动词的过去分词,选项C符合题意。故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意掌握一般过去时的被动语态的用法和构成。
32.D
【解析】句意:昨天晚上那个年轻人被一位警察看见闯入一家银行。young man与see构成动宾关系,用被动语态,be seen to do sth,被看见做某事,根据last night,可知用一般过去时的被动语态,故选D。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态及固定搭配be seen to do sth。
33.D
【解析】句意:这位可怜的女士被告知公司无法支付她的工作报酬。主语"the poor woman"与动词"tell"之间是被动关系("被告知"),因此第一空需用被动语态形式,即was told;第二空需填入动词"afford"的正确搭配。根据语法规则,afford后通常接不定式"to do"结构,即不定式作宾语,故选D。
【点评】考查时态语态和非谓语动词,本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态以及不定式作宾语和固定短语afford to do。
34.A
【解析】句意:记者提出了一个问题:“总统先生,最近米价上涨很大。”你打算如何处理这个问题 ”raise及物动词,提出,提高,后面跟宾语,raise a question提出问题,第一个空的主语和所给空的动词存在被动关系;rise是不及物动词,上涨,升高,后面不接宾语,没有被动形式;被动语态的结构:be+过去分词,排除BD,根据时间recently,可知第二个空用现在完成时:have/has+过去分词;故答案为A。
【点评】考查被动语态和现在完成时。注意识记被动语态和现在完成时的用法。
35.D
【解析】句意:萨利怎么了?——她生病了。她昨天淋雨了。结合语境可知下文描述的是过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时态。主语是动作对象,故用被动语态选D。
【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。语态的判断主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态,反之如果是动宾关系,则用被动语态,尤其要注意一些特殊动词的用法。
36.D
【解析】句意:多亏了医生和护士,这位年轻人才及时得救了。 As for 关于; According to 根据;Thanks for 因……而感谢,后接名词/动名词; Thanks to 多亏,后接名词。根据 the young man was saved in time 这位年轻人才及时得救了,可知是强调多亏了医生和护士。故选D。
【点评】考查短语辨析。注意熟记固定搭配thanks to"多亏"。
37.B
【解析】句意:昨天老奶奶给我们讲了一个故事。根据yesterday,可知句子时态是一般过去时,根据注意和谓语的关系,可知此处是被动语态,tell sth. to sb.和tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事;tell sth. to sb.的被动结构 sth.be told to us; tell sb. sth.的被动结构sth. be told to sb.和sb. be told sth.,故选B。
【点评】此题考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意tell sb.sth.和tell sth. to sb.的被动语态。
38.B
【解析】句意:一群人聚集在一起,催促我说出我住在哪里。A一般现在时被动语态,B一般过去时被动语态,C单三式,D过去式;根据A crowd gathered and I,可知and其后时态一致,用一般过去时,主语是I,表示被一群人催促做某事,故主语和动词是被动关系,使用一般过去时被动语态。故选B。
【点评】考查时态和语态,注意识记一般过去时被动语态的用法。
39.A
【解析】句意:昨天有很多关于如何解决这个问题的建议被提出来了,但情况似乎并没有好转。was given被给出,一般过去时被动语态,主语为单数;were given被给出,一般过去时被动语态,主语为复数;have been given被给出,现在完成时被动语态,主语为复数;has been given被给出,现在完成时被动语态,主语为单数。结合语句"Loads of advice on how to solve the problem … yesterday, but it seemed that the situation didn't get better."可知,时间状语yesterday表示过去的时间,句子要用一般过去时;且advice是不可数名词,作主语时视为单数,同时建议是被别人给出的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,需要用被动语态,was given符合时态、主谓一致和语态的要求,故答案为A。
【点评】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。解题需牢记:根据时间状语yesterday判断出句子用一般过去时;advice为不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式;再根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系,判断出主语是动作的承受者,需用被动语态,一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词的过去分词,单数主语搭配was。
40.C
【解析】句意:——中华人民共和国什么时候建立的?——1949年10月1日。find找到,过去式是found;found建立,动词,过去式是founded,根据 the People's Republic of China 可知,此处指建立,且是found的动作承受者,需要被动语态,此处询问过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态,用was/were done,故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析和一般过去时的被动语态。注意一般过去时的被动语态结构。
41.C
【解析】句意:他们坚持要再给他们一次尝试的机会。固定搭配insist on doing sth,坚持做某事,又因主语与give之间的关系是被动,应用given,故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配,注意识记insist on doing sth的用法。
42.C
【解析】句意:——昨天是Jack的十六岁生日。你为什么没去他的生日会?——哦,我没被邀请。invite,动词,邀请,invite sb.邀请某人。根据“Why didn't you go to his party ”可知“Oh, I……”要表达我没被邀请,动作发生在过去,句子用一般过去时态,主语I与invite是动宾关系,句子用被动语态,因此此处用一般过去时的被动语态,即wasn't invited,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。识记一般过去时的被动语态的用法。
43.C
【解析】句意:公元105年,蔡伦在中国发明纸。根据时间 in 105 A. D. 可知,是一般过去时,排除A和D,又结合主语Paper不能执行invent 发明的动作,它是动作的承受者,用被动语态,即是一般过去时的被动语态,构成was/were+动词的过去分词,选项C符合题意。故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意掌握一般过去时的被动语态的用法和构成。
44.C
【解析】句意:你的母亲参加艾米的聚会了吗?——不,没有邀请她。结合语境可知下文描述的是过去的动作,句子主语是动作对象,故用被动语态。故选C。
【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型,首先要注意句子中的时间状语,如果没有则要通过分析上下文,结合语境来判断句子的时态。语态的判断主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态,反之如果是动宾关系,则用被动语态,尤其要注意一些特殊动词的用法。
45.D
【解析】句意: 王源被邀请在2017年经社理事会青年论坛上发表演讲。invite邀请,动词,invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事,固定短语,此处Wang Yuan是invite的动作承受者,用被动语态,根据at ECOSOC Youth Forum 2017,可知,此处描述过去的事情, 用一般过去时,所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态,用was/were done形式,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意根据语境选择正确的时态和语态。
46.B
【解析】句意: 泰姬陵是由沙贾汗皇帝为纪念他的妻子而建造的。build建造,动词, 由于泰姬陵是被建造的,因此需要用被动语态(be + 过去分词) ,且是过去被建造的,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是专有名词,用was done形式,故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意根据语境选择正确的时态和语态。
47.C
【解析】句意:第16届亚运会在2010年11月的广州举办。hold举办,实义动词,主语Asian Game是动作hold的承受者,2010表明时态是一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,主语Asian Game是单数,所以用was,hold的过去分词是held,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意平时识记其结构是was/were+动词过去分词。
48.D
【解析】句意:——看!这里有个布告,上面写着“桥很危险”。——当然是。这座桥建于大约五十年前,现在已经很旧了。根据It says The bridge is dangerous,可知是notice,fifty years ago是一般过去时标志,bridge和build是被动关系,故是一般过去时被动语态,故选D。
【点评】考查时态语态,注意识记一般过去时被动语态和notice的用法。
49.B
【解析】句意:—— 吉姆昨晚去参加聚会了吗 ——噢,不。他没有被邀请。invite邀请,动词;根据句意可知,he是invite的动作承受者,所以此处应该用被动语态,根据问句中did可知,此处描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时,主语是第三人称单数,所以系动词应该用was,故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境选择正确的时态和语态。
50.A
【解析】句意:几天前,许多房子被大火摧毁了,真遗憾!根据时间状语 ago 在......之前,是一般过去式的时间状语,再结合主语Many houses许多房子不能执行damage摧毁的动作,用被动语态,构成be+动词的过去分词,damage 的过去分词是damaged 。故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去式的被动语态。注意掌握一般过去式的被动语态的用法。
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