资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 1 Helping those in need 知识清单(背诵版)目录核心词汇(词形变换+搭配+例句)……………………………………1核心词组(搭配+例句) ……………………………………………… 5核心语法:动词不定式(详细讲解+例句+练习题)…………………6单元书面表达总结(写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板) ……………13一、核心词汇(词形变换+搭配+例句)(一)名词(n.)1. disease 词义:病;疾病注意区分:illness 多指轻微疾病,disease 可指较严重疾病。搭配:serious disease 严重疾病;suffer from a disease 患病例句:The children there all suffer from serious diseases like cancer.那里的孩子都身患癌症等严重疾病。2. cancer 词义:癌;癌症搭配:have cancer 患癌症;fight cancer 与癌症抗争例句:Many people lose their lives because of cancer every year.每年都有很多人因癌症失去生命。3. pain 词义:痛苦;苦恼词形变换:painful(adj. 令人疼痛的);painless(adj. 无痛的)搭配:in pain 处于痛苦中;understand one's pain 理解某人的痛苦;forget one's pain 忘记某人的痛苦例句:My friends don't understand my pain. 我的朋友们不理解我的痛苦。4.joy 词义:高兴;愉快;喜悦词形变换:joyful(adj. 快乐的)搭配:bring sb. joy 给某人带来快乐;full of joy 充满喜悦例句:I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy.我教他们唱歌,因为音乐能给他们带来快乐。5. spirits 词义:[pl.] 情绪;心境注意:复数形式才表示“情绪”,单数 spirit 多表示“精神”)搭配:in low spirits 情绪低落;raise one's spirits 使某人振奋;in high spirits 情绪高涨例句:He was in low spirits because he could not play football any more.他因为不能再踢足球而情绪低落。6. permission 词义:准许;许可词形变换:permit(v. 允许;准许)搭配:ask for permission 申请许可;give permission 给予许可;without permission 未经许可例句:Could you please give us permission to organize the activity 您可否准许我们组织这次活动?7. pound 词义:英镑搭配:a pound 一英镑;hundreds of pounds 几百英镑例句:We raised more than four hundred pounds for the school library.我们为学校图书馆筹集了四百多英镑。8. donation词义:捐赠;捐赠物词形变换:donate(v. 捐赠;赠送)搭配:blood donation 献血;make a donation 捐赠;donation of sth. 某物的捐赠例句:Some local shops have donated craft materials for us to use.一些当地商店捐赠了手工材料供我们使用。(二)动词(v.)9. offer 词义:主动提出搭配:offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事;offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物例句:I saw a notice for voluntary work and offered to help.我看到一则志愿工作招募通知,便主动提出帮忙。volunteer 词义:自愿做词形变换:voluntary(adj. 自愿的;志愿的);volunteer(n. 志愿者)搭配:volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事;volunteer for sth. 自愿参与某事例句:I volunteered to help disabled children with their daily life.我自愿帮助残疾儿童的日常生活。suffer 词义:遭受;受折磨词形变换:suffering(n. 痛苦)搭配:suffer from sth. 遭受……(疾病、痛苦等);suffer a lot 遭受很多痛苦例句:She has been suffering from a serious disease for a long time.她身患重病已经很长时间了。cheer 词义:(使)高兴起来;欢呼词形变换:cheerful(adj. 愉快的;高兴的)搭配:cheer sb. up (使)某人高兴起来;cheer for sb. 为某人欢呼例句:We wanted to cheer the sick children up with some fun activities.我们希望通过一些有趣的活动让生病的孩子们开心起来。raise 词义:筹募;举起;提高搭配:raise money 筹钱;raise one's spirits 使某人振奋;raise one's hand 举手例句:We organized a painting competition to raise their spirits.我们组织了一场绘画比赛来振奋他们的精神。14. lose 词义:丧失;失去词形变换:lost(adj. 迷路的;丢失的);loss(n. 丢失);loser(n. 失败者)搭配:lose sth. 丢失某物;lose one's way 迷路;lose one's life 失去生命例句:He lost his leg in an accident two months ago.他两个月前在一场事故中失去了一条腿。belong 词义:适应;合得来;属于词形变换:belongings(n. 财物;所有物)搭配:belong to sb. 属于某人;feel like one doesn't belong 感觉格格不入例句:Sometimes I feel like I don't belong anywhere.有时候我觉得自己格格不入。donate 词义:捐赠;赠送词形变换:donation(n. 捐赠;捐赠物)搭配:donate sth. to sb./sth. 把某物捐赠给某人/某物;donate blood 献血例句:Many kind people donate money to help children in need.很多善良的人捐款帮助有需要的孩子。ease 词义:减轻;缓解词形变换:easy(adj. 容易的);easily(adv. 容易地)搭配:ease one's pain 缓解某人的痛苦;ease the pressure 缓解压力例句:If I can ease one life the aching, I shall not live in vain.如果我能缓解一个生命的痛苦,我的生命便不算虚度。arrange 词义:排列;布置;安排词形变换:arrangement(n. 排列;布置;安排)搭配:arrange sth. 布置/安排某物;arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事例句:We plan to arrange a visit to the children's home next week.我们计划下周安排一次去儿童之家的探访。(三)形容词(adj.)18. elderly 词义:上了年纪的词形变换:elder(adj. 年纪较长的)搭配:elderly people 老年人;look after the elderly 照顾老年人例句:We raised money for elderly people in the community.我们为社区里的老年人筹集了善款。19. serious 词义:严重的;认真的词形变换:seriously(adv. 严重地;认真地)搭配:serious disease 严重疾病;be serious about sth. 认真对待某事例句:This is not a very serious disease, so most patients get better soon. 这不是很严重的病,所以大多数病人很快就会康复。spare 词义:空闲的;空余的搭配:in one's spare time 在某人的空闲时间;spare time 空闲时间;spare sth. 抽出某物(时间、金钱等)例句:My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time.我和妈妈会在空闲时间继续去看望刘芸。21. disabled 词义:残疾的;有缺陷的词形变换:disable(v. 使残疾);disability(n. 残疾)搭配:disabled people 残障人士;disabled children 残疾儿童例句:Some of the disabled children have difficulty moving around.一些残疾儿童很难四处走动。pleasant 词义:令人愉快的;宜人的词形变换:please(v. 使愉快);pleased(adj. 高兴的);pleasure(n. 愉快)搭配:pleasant weather 宜人的天气;pleasant land 宜人的土地;have a pleasant time 过得愉快例句:Little deeds of kindness help make earth happy like the pleasant land.点点善举让人间充满欢乐,宛如宜人的大地。mighty 词义:巨大的;非凡的搭配:mighty ocean 浩瀚的大海;mighty power 巨大的力量例句:Little drops of water make the mighty ocean.滴滴小水珠,汇成浩瀚大海。二、核心词组(搭配+例句)1. voluntary work 志愿工作例句:Every Saturday afternoon, Li Dong does voluntary work at the children's hospital.每个周六下午,李东都会在儿童医院做志愿工作。2. disabled people残障人士例句:We should show kindness to disabled people and help them in daily life.我们应该对残障人士表示友善,在日常生活中帮助他们。3. look after 照料;照顾例句:I often help look after my grandparents when my parents are busy.父母忙的时候,我经常帮忙照顾祖父母。4 .suffer from 遭受;患……病例句:Kate suffers from a serious illness, but she is still very positive.凯特身患重病,但她仍然非常积极乐观。cheer sb. up (使)高兴起来例句:His friends told him funny stories to cheer him up.他的朋友们给她讲有趣的故事,让他高兴起来。6. raise one's spirits 使某人振奋例句:The teacher organized a party to raise the students' spirits before the exam.考试前,老师组织了一场派对来振奋学生们的精神。7. in low spirits 情绪低落例句:Tim was in low spirits because he failed the exam.蒂姆因为考试不及格而情绪低落。8.in one's spare time 在某人的空闲时间例句:She likes to read books and listen to music in her spare time.她喜欢在空闲时间看书、听音乐。9.volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事例句:Five students from our class volunteered to help the elderly clean their rooms. 我们班有五名学生自愿帮助老年人打扫房间。10.have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难例句:Some of them have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities.他们中的一些人很难四处走动和参加社交活动。11.in need 在危难中;在穷困中的例句:We should try our best to help people in need.我们应该尽最大努力帮助有需要的人。12. in order to 目的是;为了例句:He gets up early in order to catch the first bus to school.他早起是为了赶上第一班去学校的公交车。flower arranging 插花例句:We plan to teach the children to do fun activities like flower arranging.我们计划教孩子们做插花之类的有趣活动。tidy up 收拾;整理例句:They helped the children tidy up their rooms before leaving.离开前,他们帮助孩子们整理了房间。in vain 枉费心机;徒劳无益例句:He tried many times to solve the problem, but it was in vain.他尝试了很多次解决这个问题,但都徒劳无益。express one's feelings 表达某人的感受例句:We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life to express their feelings. 我们鼓励他们讲述自己生活中的故事,来表达自己的感受。三、核心语法:动词不定式(Infinitives)(详细讲解+例句+练习题)(一)定义动词不定式是动词的基本形式,没有人称和数的变化,属于非谓语动词(不能作谓语)。它仍具有动词的特点,可以带宾语或状语,几乎可以充当除谓语之外的任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语)。(二)构成肯定形式:to + 动词原形(to 是不定式符号,无实际意义)例句:I want to help homeless animals. 我想帮助无家可归的动物。否定形式:not + to + 动词原形例句:We promise not to be late for the volunteer activity.我们保证参加志愿活动不迟到。(三)用法(重点!必考)1. 作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词用单数;为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式)置于句尾。直接作主语:To learn a language is not an easy thing.学习一门语言不是一件容易的事。it 作形式主语:It's not an easy thing to learn a language.例句:It's kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。(it 是形式主语,to help me 是真正主语)2. 作表语动词不定式作表语时,用于说明主语的性质、内容、职业、身份等,通常位于系动词(be, become, seem 等)后面。例句1:My dream is to be a volunteer.我的梦想是成为一名志愿者。(说明主语 dream 的内容)例句2:Her job is to look after the elderly.她的工作是照顾老年人。(说明主语 job 的内容)3. 作宾语动词不定式常用在及物动词后作宾语,结构为“动词 + to do sth.”。常见接不定式作宾语的动词(必考):want(想要)、would like(想要)、agree(同意)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、wish(希望)、fail(未能)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、offer(主动提出)、learn(学会)、expect(期望)、refuse(拒绝)例句1:She decides to visit her grandparents every weekend.她决定每个周末去看望祖父母。(decide to do sth.)例句2:I hope to do more voluntary work in the future.我希望未来能做更多的志愿工作。(hope to do sth.)例句3:He offered to help me with my homework.他主动提出帮我辅导作业。(offer to do sth.)4. 作宾语补足语动词不定式常用在宾语后,对宾语的动作或状态进行补充说明,结构为“动词 + sb. + to do sth.”(即“动词 + 宾语 + 不定式”)。常见接不定式作宾语补足语的动词:advise(建议)、allow(允许)、ask(要求)、choose(选择)、expect(期望)、want(想要)、force(强迫)、get(使)、help(帮助)、invite(邀请)、order(命令)、tell(告诉)、teach(教)例句1:We taught them to tell stories.我们教他们讲故事。(teach sb. to do sth.)例句2:My mother told me to finish my homework on time.妈妈告诉我要按时完成作业。(tell sb. to do sth.)例句3:She helped me (to) carry the box.她帮我搬箱子。(注:help 后面的 to 可以省略,即 help sb. do sth.)5. 作后置定语动词不定式作定语时,需置于被修饰的名词或代词之后(即“后置定语”),并与被修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。若有动宾关系,不定式的动词应为及物动词;若为不及物动词,后面需加适当的介词。例句1:I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。(to write 修饰 letter,逻辑上是“写一封信”,动宾关系)例句2:He needs a chair to sit on. 他需要一把椅子坐。(to sit 是不及物动词,后面加介词 on,逻辑上是“坐在椅子上”)例句3:We have a lot of things to do today. 我们今天有很多事情要做。(to do 修饰 things,动宾关系)6. 作状语(最常用,重点!)动词不定式作状语,主要用来表示目的、结果或原因,其中“表示目的”是本单元重点,必考。作目的状语:表示“为了……”,常用结构 to do / in order to do / so as to do(in order to do 可置于句首或句尾,so as to do 只能置于句尾)例句1:I come here to say goodbye to you. 我来这儿是为了向你告别。(to do 作目的状语)例句2:In order to raise their spirits, we organized a painting competition.为了振奋他们的精神,我们组织了一场绘画比赛。(in order to do 置于句首)例句3:We go to the hospital to cheer the sick children up.我们去医院是为了让生病的孩子们开心起来。作结果状语:表示事先没有预料到的结果,位于句尾,常与 only 连用(only to do)。例句:He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了房间,结果什么也没找到。(3)作原因状语:常位于形容词(glad, happy, sorry, sad 等)后面,表示“因……而……”。例句:I'm glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。(因见到你而高兴)(四)易错点:省略不定式符号 to 的四种情况(必考)有些情况下,不定式符号 to 可以省略,记准以下四种情况,避免出错:使役动词 let(让)、make(使;让)、have(使)后面,省略 to。例句:Let him go! 让他去吧!(let sb. do sth.)例句:The teacher made us finish our homework. 老师让我们完成作业。(make sb. do sth.)在 would rather(宁愿)、had better(最好)后面,省略 to。例句:You had better stay at home and rest. 你最好待在家里休息。(had better do sth.)例句:I would rather go to the park than stay at home.我宁愿去公园也不愿待在家里。(would rather do sth. than do sth.)在 Why... / Why not... (为什么……?/ 为什么不……?)后面,省略 to,直接接动词原形。例句:Why not volunteer to help people in need 为什么不自愿帮助有需要的人呢?例句:Why stay at home when we can go out to help others 既然我们可以出去帮助别人,为什么要待在家里呢?在感官动词 see(看见)、watch(观看)、look at(看)、hear(听见)、listen to(听)、notice(注意到)后面,省略 to,即“感官动词 + sb. + do sth.”(表示看到/听到某人做某事的全过程)。例句:I saw him dance in the park yesterday. 我昨天看见他在公园里跳舞。(看到跳舞的全过程)例句:She heard the children sing in the next room.她听到孩子们在隔壁房间唱歌。(五)补充:动词不定式与疑问词连用有些动词后面可跟“疑问词 + to do sth.”的结构,这类动词主要有:tell(告诉)、decide(决定)、know(知道)、learn(学会)、consider(考虑)、show(展示)、forget(忘记)、wonder(想知道)、remember(记得)。“疑问词 + to do sth.”短语可作主语、宾语、表语,作主语时谓语动词用单数。例句1:I don't know how to help him. 我不知道如何帮助他。(how to help him 作宾语)例句2:How to put it into practice is important. 如何付诸实践是很重要的。(how to put it into practice 作主语)例句3:She showed me what to do next. 她告诉我接下来该做什么。(what to do next 作宾语)(六)语法练习题A、单项选择1. It's important ______ us ______ help people in need.( )A. for; to B. of; to C. for; for D. of; for2. He decided ______ voluntary work at the children's hospital.( )A. do B. to do C. doing D. did3. My mother told me ______ late for school again.( )A. not to be B. to not be C. don't be D. not be4. We organized a party ______ their spirits.( )A. raise B. raising C. to raise D. raised5. I saw her ______ a song in the classroom just now.( )A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings6. She has no paper ______.( )A. write B. to write C. to write on D. writing on7. Why not ______ with us to the old people's home ( )A. go B. to go C. going D. goes8. His dream is ______ a doctor to help sick people.( )A. be B. to be C. being D. been答案与解析1. A 解析:考查 it's + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 句型,it 是形式主语,to do sth. 是真正主语;for 用于形容词修饰事情,of 用于形容词修饰人,此处 important 修饰“帮助别人”这件事,故选 A。2. B 解析:考查 decide to do sth.(决定做某事),固定搭配,故选 B。3. A 解析:考查 tell sb. not to do sth.(告诉某人不要做某事),否定形式在 to 前面加 not,故选 A。4. C 解析:考查不定式作目的状语,表示“为了振奋他们的精神”,故选 C。5. A 解析:考查感官动词 see + sb. + do sth.(看见某人做某事的全过程),just now 表示“刚才”,看见全过程,故选 A。6. C 解析:考查不定式作后置定语,write 是不及物动词,后面需加介词 on,“写在纸上”,故选 C。7. A 解析:考查 Why not + 动词原形(为什么不……?),省略 to,故选 A。8. B 解析:考查不定式作表语,说明主语 dream 的内容,故选 B。B、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I want ______ (volunteer) to help disabled children.2. She offered ______ (take) photos for Jin Ya.3.We hope ______ (raise) more money for the elderly.4. The teacher made us ______ (finish) our homework on time.5. He decided ______ (not go) to the park today.6. I'm glad ______ (see) you here.7. We need a pen ______ (write) with.8. Let's ______ (cheer) the sick children up.答案与解析1. to volunteer 解析:want to do sth.(想要做某事)2. to take 解析:offer to do sth.(主动提出做某事)3. to raise 解析:hope to do sth.(希望做某事)4. finish 解析:make sb. do sth.(让某人做某事),省略 to5. not to go 解析:decide not to do sth.(决定不做某事)6. to see 解析:be glad to do sth.(很高兴做某事),不定式作原因状语7. to write 解析:不定式作后置定语,修饰 pen8. cheer 解析:Let's + 动词原形,省略 toC、句型转换(按要求改写句子)1. To learn English well is important.(改为同义句,用 it 作形式主语)______ ______ important ______ ______ English well.2. He wants to help the elderly.(改为否定句)He ______ ______ ______ help the elderly.3. She taught me to sing.(改为一般疑问句)______ she ______ you to sing 4. We go to the hospital to cheer the sick children up.(对划线部分提问)______ ______ you go to the hospital 5. Let's go to the park.(改为同义句,用 Why not... )______ ______ go to the park 答案及解析1. It is; to learn 解析:it 作形式主语,真正主语是 to learn English well2. doesn't want to 解析:wants 是实义动词第三人称单数,否定句加 doesn't,后面动词用原形,want to do sth. 不变3. Did; teach 解析:taught 是过去式,一般疑问句加助动词 Did,后面动词用原形 teach4. Why do 解析:对目的状语提问,用 Why,go 是实义动词,加助动词 do5. Why not 解析:Why not + 动词原形,与 Let's do sth. 同义,均表示提议。四、单元书面表达总结(写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板)本单元书面表达核心话题:申请开展志愿活动的电子邮件(必考,贴合单元 Project 及 Writing 模块),要求向老师申请许可,说明志愿活动的计划、目的、内容等。(一)写作框架梳理核心逻辑:礼貌开头(说明写信目的)→ 详细介绍活动计划(时间、地点、人物、内容)→ 说明活动意义 → 礼貌结尾(请求许可、表达感谢、期待回复)第一段(开头,1-2 句):礼貌问候 + 说明写信目的(申请开展志愿活动的许可)核心句式:I am writing to you about our plans to organize a voluntary activity.I am writing to ask for your permission to organize a voluntary activity.第二段(主体1,2-3 句):介绍活动的基本信息(目的、帮助对象、参与人数)核心句式:In order to help people in need, we plan to... / We want to help... because... / Some students from our class have offered to take part in it.第三段(主体2,2-3 句):详细说明活动内容、时间、地点核心句式:We plan to... / We are also thinking about... / We would like to hold the activity on... at...第四段(结尾,1-2 句):请求许可 + 表达感谢 + 期待回复核心句式:Could you please give us permission to organize the activity / Thank you for your support. / We look forward to your reply.(二)高分词汇/词组积累1. 高分词汇短语(替换基础表达)organize → arrange(安排;组织)help → assist / support(帮助;支持)want to → hope to / plan to / intend to(希望;计划;打算)cheer sb. up → lift sb.'s spirits(使某人振奋,更高级)take part in → participate in(参加,更正式)kind → kind-hearted / warm-hearted(善良的,更生动)happy → joyful / pleased(高兴的,更高级)important → significant / meaningful(重要的;有意义的)children in need → children who are in trouble(有需要的孩子,更丰富)2. 高分连接词/句式(使作文连贯,逻辑清晰)表目的:in order to / so as to / in order that(为了)表补充:besides / also / as well as(此外;也)表原因:because / since / as(因为)表举例:for example / for instance(例如)高级句式:It is meaningful for us to do voluntary work.(对我们来说,做志愿工作是有意义的。)(三)参考范文To: Ms LiSubject: Ask for permission to organize a voluntary activityDear Ms Li,I am writing to ask for your permission to organize a voluntary activity with my classmates. We hope to help the elderly people in our community through this activity.In order to make the elderly feel less lonely and more joyful, we plan to visit the old people's home near our school. Eight students from our class have offered to participate in this activity. They are all kind-hearted and willing to help others.We would like to hold the activity on Saturday, March 29th. During the activity, we will help the elderly clean their rooms, chat with them to listen to their stories, and teach them to use smartphones. Besides, we will sing some old songs to lift their spirits. Some of us will also bring some fruits for them.This activity is meaningful for us to learn to care for others and understand the pain of the elderly. Could you please give us permission to organize it Thank you for your support and kindness. We look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei(四)写作模板To: (老师姓名,如 Ms Wang / Mr Zhang)Subject: Ask for permission to organize a voluntary activityDear (老师姓名),I am writing to ask for your permission to organize a voluntary activity with my classmates. We plan to organize this activity to (说明活动目的,如 help the disabled children / cheer up the sick children in the hospital).In order to (重复/细化目的,如 make the disabled children feel happy and warm), we want to help (帮助对象,如 the disabled children in the community / the sick children in the Children's Hospital). (参与人数) students from our class have offered to take part in it. We are all willing to give our help and bring joy to them.We would like to hold the activity on (时间,如 Saturday, April 5th) at (地点,如 the community center / the Children's Hospital). During the activity, we plan to (活动内容1,如 teach them to sing and draw). We are also thinking about (活动内容2,如 help them tidy up their rooms / tell them interesting stories). Besides, we will (活动内容3,如 bring some gifts for them / organize a small game) to make them happy.This voluntary activity is very meaningful. It can help us learn to care for others and understand the importance of kindness. Could you please give us permission to organize it Thank you for your support. We look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,(你的姓名)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 1 Helping those in need 知识清单(默写版)目录核心词汇(词形变换+搭配+例句)……………………………………1核心词组(搭配+例句) ……………………………………………… 5核心语法:动词不定式(详细讲解+例句+练习题)…………………6单元书面表达总结(写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板) ……………11一、核心词汇(词形变换+搭配+例句)(一)名词(n.)1. disease 词义:病;疾病注意区分:illness 多指轻微疾病,disease 可指较严重疾病。搭配:serious disease 严重疾病;suffer from a disease 患病例句:The children there all suffer from serious like cancer.那里的孩子都身患癌症等严重疾病。2. cancer 词义:癌;癌症搭配:have cancer 患癌症;fight cancer 与癌症抗争例句:Many people lose their lives because of every year.每年都有很多人因癌症失去生命。3. pain 词义:痛苦;苦恼词形变换: (adj. 令人疼痛的); (adj. 无痛的)搭配:in pain 处于痛苦中;understand one's pain 理解某人的痛苦;forget one's pain 忘记某人的痛苦例句:My friends don't understand my . 我的朋友们不理解我的痛苦。4.joy 词义:高兴;愉快;喜悦词形变换: (adj. 快乐的)搭配:bring sb. joy 给某人带来快乐;full of joy 充满喜悦例句:I taught them to sing because music can bring them .我教他们唱歌,因为音乐能给他们带来快乐。5. spirits 词义:[pl.] 情绪;心境注意:复数形式才表示“情绪”,单数 spirit 多表示“精神”)搭配:in low spirits 情绪低落;raise one's spirits 使某人振奋;in high spirits 情绪高涨例句:He was in low because he could not play football any more.他因为不能再踢足球而情绪低落。6. permission 词义:准许;许可词形变换: (v. 允许;准许)搭配:ask for permission 申请许可;give permission 给予许可;without permission 未经许可例句:Could you please give us to organize the activity 您可否准许我们组织这次活动?7. pound 词义:英镑搭配:a pound 一英镑;hundreds of pounds 几百英镑例句:We raised more than four hundred for the school library.我们为学校图书馆筹集了四百多英镑。8. donation词义:捐赠;捐赠物词形变换: (v. 捐赠;赠送)搭配:blood donation 献血;make a donation 捐赠;donation of sth. 某物的捐赠例句:Some local shops have craft materials for us to use.一些当地商店捐赠了手工材料供我们使用。(二)动词(v.)9. offer 词义:主动提出搭配:offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事;offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物例句:I saw a notice for voluntary work and to help.我看到一则志愿工作招募通知,便主动提出帮忙。volunteer 词义:自愿做词形变换: (adj. 自愿的;志愿的); (n. 志愿者)搭配:volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事;volunteer for sth. 自愿参与某事例句:I to help disabled children with their daily life.我自愿帮助残疾儿童的日常生活。suffer 词义:遭受;受折磨词形变换: (n. 痛苦)搭配:suffer from sth. 遭受……(疾病、痛苦等);suffer a lot 遭受很多痛苦例句:She has been from a serious disease for a long time.她身患重病已经很长时间了。cheer 词义:(使)高兴起来;欢呼词形变换: (adj. 愉快的;高兴的)搭配:cheer sb. up (使)某人高兴起来;cheer for sb. 为某人欢呼例句:We wanted to the sick children up with some fun activities.我们希望通过一些有趣的活动让生病的孩子们开心起来。raise 词义:筹募;举起;提高搭配:raise money 筹钱;raise one's spirits 使某人振奋;raise one's hand 举手例句:We organized a painting competition their spirits.我们组织了一场绘画比赛来振奋他们的精神。14. lose 词义:丧失;失去词形变换: (adj. 迷路的;丢失的); (n. 丢失); (n. 失败者)搭配:lose sth. 丢失某物;lose one's way 迷路;lose one's life 失去生命例句:He his leg in an accident two months ago.他两个月前在一场事故中失去了一条腿。belong 词义:适应;合得来;属于词形变换: (n. 财物;所有物)搭配:belong to sb. 属于某人;feel like one doesn't belong 感觉格格不入例句:Sometimes I feel like I don't anywhere.有时候我觉得自己格格不入。donate 词义:捐赠;赠送词形变换: (n. 捐赠;捐赠物)搭配:donate sth. to sb./sth. 把某物捐赠给某人/某物;donate blood 献血例句:Many kind people money to help children in need.很多善良的人捐款帮助有需要的孩子。ease 词义:减轻;缓解词形变换: (adj. 容易的); (adv. 容易地)搭配:ease one's pain 缓解某人的痛苦;ease the pressure 缓解压力例句:If I can one life the aching, I shall not live in vain.如果我能缓解一个生命的痛苦,我的生命便不算虚度。arrange 词义:排列;布置;安排词形变换: (n. 排列;布置;安排)搭配:arrange sth. 布置/安排某物;arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事例句:We plan to a visit to the children's home next week.我们计划下周安排一次去儿童之家的探访。(三)形容词(adj.)18. elderly 词义:上了年纪的词形变换: (adj. 年纪较长的)搭配:elderly people 老年人;look after the elderly 照顾老年人例句:We raised money for people in the community.我们为社区里的老年人筹集了善款。19. serious 词义:严重的;认真的词形变换: (adv. 严重地;认真地)搭配:serious disease 严重疾病;be serious about sth. 认真对待某事例句:This is not a very disease, so most patients get better soon.这不是很严重的病,所以大多数病人很快就会康复。spare 词义:空闲的;空余的搭配:in one's spare time 在某人的空闲时间;spare time 空闲时间;spare sth. 抽出某物(时间、金钱等)例句:My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our time.我和妈妈会在空闲时间继续去看望刘芸。21. disabled 词义:残疾的;有缺陷的词形变换: (v. 使残疾); (n. 残疾)搭配:disabled people 残障人士;disabled children 残疾儿童例句:Some of the children have difficulty moving around.一些残疾儿童很难四处走动。pleasant 词义:令人愉快的;宜人的词形变换: (v. 使愉快); (adj. 高兴的); (n. 愉快)搭配:pleasant weather 宜人的天气;pleasant land 宜人的土地;have a pleasant time 过得愉快例句:Little deeds of kindness help make earth happy like the land.点点善举让人间充满欢乐,宛如宜人的大地。mighty 词义:巨大的;非凡的搭配:mighty ocean 浩瀚的大海;mighty power 巨大的力量例句:Little drops of water make the ocean.滴滴小水珠,汇成浩瀚大海。二、核心词组(搭配+例句)1. voluntary work 志愿工作例句:Every Saturday afternoon, Li Dong does at the children's hospital.每个周六下午,李东都会在儿童医院做志愿工作。2. disabled people残障人士例句:We should show kindness to and help them in daily life.我们应该对残障人士表示友善,在日常生活中帮助他们。3. look after 照料;照顾例句:I often help my grandparents when my parents are busy.父母忙的时候,我经常帮忙照顾祖父母。4 .suffer from 遭受;患……病例句:Kate a serious illness, but she is still very positive.凯特身患重病,但她仍然非常积极乐观。cheer sb. up (使)高兴起来例句:His friends told him funny stories to .他的朋友们给她讲有趣的故事,让他高兴起来。6. raise one's spirits 使某人振奋例句:The teacher organized a party to the students' before the exam.考试前,老师组织了一场派对来振奋学生们的精神。7. in low spirits 情绪低落例句:Tim was because he failed the exam.蒂姆因为考试不及格而情绪低落。8.in one's spare time 在某人的空闲时间例句:She likes to read books and listen to music her .她喜欢在空闲时间看书、听音乐。9.volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事例句:Five students from our class to help the elderly clean their rooms. 我们班有五名学生自愿帮助老年人打扫房间。10.have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难例句:Some of them have difficulty around and taking part in social activities.他们中的一些人很难四处走动和参加社交活动。11.in need 在危难中;在穷困中的例句:We should try our best to help people .我们应该尽最大努力帮助有需要的人。12. in order to 目的是;为了例句:He gets up early catch the first bus to school.他早起是为了赶上第一班去学校的公交车。flower arranging 插花例句:We plan to teach the children to do fun activities like .我们计划教孩子们做插花之类的有趣活动。tidy up 收拾;整理例句:They helped the children their rooms before leaving.离开前,他们帮助孩子们整理了房间。in vain 枉费心机;徒劳无益例句:He tried many times to solve the problem, but it was .他尝试了很多次解决这个问题,但都徒劳无益。express one's feelings 表达某人的感受例句:We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life to their . 我们鼓励他们讲述自己生活中的故事,来表达自己的感受。三、核心语法:动词不定式(Infinitives)(详细讲解+例句+练习题)(一)定义动词不定式是动词的基本形式,没有人称和数的变化,属于非谓语动词(不能作谓语)。它仍具有动词的特点,可以带宾语或状语,几乎可以充当除谓语之外的任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语)。(二)构成肯定形式:to + 动词原形(to 是不定式符号,无实际意义)例句:I want homeless animals. 我想帮助无家可归的动物。否定形式:not + to + 动词原形例句:We promise late for the volunteer activity.我们保证参加志愿活动不迟到。(三)用法(重点!必考)1. 作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词用单数;为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式)置于句尾。直接作主语:To learn a language not an easy thing.学习一门语言不是一件容易的事。it 作形式主语:It's not an easy thing to learn a language.例句:It's kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太善良了。(it 是形式主语,to help me 是真正主语)2. 作表语动词不定式作表语时,用于说明主语的性质、内容、职业、身份等,通常位于系动词(be, become, seem 等)后面。例句1:My dream is a volunteer.我的梦想是成为一名志愿者。(说明主语 dream 的内容)例句2:Her job is the elderly.她的工作是照顾老年人。(说明主语 job 的内容)3. 作宾语动词不定式常用在及物动词后作宾语,结构为“动词 + to do sth.”。常见接不定式作宾语的动词(必考):want(想要)、would like(想要)、agree(同意)、hope(希望)、plan(计划)、wish(希望)、fail(未能)、choose(选择)、decide(决定)、offer(主动提出)、learn(学会)、expect(期望)、refuse(拒绝)例句1:She decides her grandparents every weekend.她决定每个周末去看望祖父母。(decide to do sth.)例句2:I hope more voluntary work in the future.我希望未来能做更多的志愿工作。(hope to do sth.)例句3:He offered me with my homework.他主动提出帮我辅导作业。(offer to do sth.)4. 作宾语补足语动词不定式常用在宾语后,对宾语的动作或状态进行补充说明,结构为“动词 + sb. + to do sth.”(即“动词 + 宾语 + 不定式”)。常见接不定式作宾语补足语的动词:advise(建议)、allow(允许)、ask(要求)、choose(选择)、expect(期望)、want(想要)、force(强迫)、get(使)、help(帮助)、invite(邀请)、order(命令)、tell(告诉)、teach(教)例句1:We taught them stories.我们教他们讲故事。(teach sb. to do sth.)例句2:My mother told me my homework on time.妈妈告诉我要按时完成作业。(tell sb. to do sth.)例句3:She helped me (to) the box.她帮我搬箱子。(注:help 后面的 to 可以省略,即 help sb. do sth.)5. 作后置定语动词不定式作定语时,需置于被修饰的名词或代词之后(即“后置定语”),并与被修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。若有动宾关系,不定式的动词应为及物动词;若为不及物动词,后面需加适当的介词。例句1:I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。(to write 修饰 letter,逻辑上是“写一封信”,动宾关系)例句2:He needs a chair to sit on. 他需要一把椅子坐。(to sit 是不及物动词,后面加介词 on,逻辑上是“坐在椅子上”)例句3:We have a lot of things to do today. 我们今天有很多事情要做。(to do 修饰 things,动宾关系)6. 作状语(最常用,重点!)动词不定式作状语,主要用来表示目的、结果或原因,其中“表示目的”是本单元重点,必考。作目的状语:表示“为了……”,常用结构 to do / in order to do / so as to do(in order to do 可置于句首或句尾,so as to do 只能置于句尾)例句1:I come here to say goodbye to you. 我来这儿是为了向你告别。(to do 作目的状语)例句2:In order to raise their spirits, we organized a painting competition.为了振奋他们的精神,我们组织了一场绘画比赛。(in order to do 置于句首)例句3:We go to the hospital to cheer the sick children up.我们去医院是为了让生病的孩子们开心起来。作结果状语:表示事先没有预料到的结果,位于句尾,常与 only 连用(only to do)。例句:He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了房间,结果什么也没找到。(3)作原因状语:常位于形容词(glad, happy, sorry, sad 等)后面,表示“因……而……”。例句:I'm glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。(因见到你而高兴)(四)易错点:省略不定式符号 to 的四种情况(必考)有些情况下,不定式符号 to 可以省略,记准以下四种情况,避免出错:使役动词 let(让)、make(使;让)、have(使)后面,省略 to。例句:Let him go! 让他去吧!(let sb. do sth.)例句:The teacher made us our homework. 老师让我们完成作业。(make sb. do sth.)在 would rather(宁愿)、had better(最好)后面,省略 to。例句:You had better at home and rest. 你最好待在家里休息。(had better do sth.)例句:I would rather to the park than stay at home.我宁愿去公园也不愿待在家里。(would rather do sth. than do sth.)在 Why... / Why not... (为什么……?/ 为什么不……?)后面,省略 to,直接接动词原形。例句:Why not to help people in need 为什么不自愿帮助有需要的人呢?例句:Why at home when we can go out to help others 既然我们可以出去帮助别人,为什么要待在家里呢?在感官动词 see(看见)、watch(观看)、look at(看)、hear(听见)、listen to(听)、notice(注意到)后面,省略 to,即“感官动词 + sb. + do sth.”(表示看到/听到某人做某事的全过程)。例句:I saw him in the park yesterday. 我昨天看见他在公园里跳舞。(看到跳舞的全过程)例句:She heard the children in the next room.她听到孩子们在隔壁房间唱歌。(五)补充:动词不定式与疑问词连用有些动词后面可跟“疑问词 + to do sth.”的结构,这类动词主要有:tell(告诉)、decide(决定)、know(知道)、learn(学会)、consider(考虑)、show(展示)、forget(忘记)、wonder(想知道)、remember(记得)。“疑问词 + to do sth.”短语可作主语、宾语、表语,作主语时谓语动词用单数。例句1:I don't know him. 我不知道如何帮助他。(how to help him 作宾语)例句2: it into practice is important. 如何付诸实践是很重要的。(how to put it into practice 作主语)例句3:She showed me next. 她告诉我接下来该做什么。(what to do next 作宾语)(六)语法练习题A、单项选择1. It's important ______ us ______ help people in need.( )A. for; to B. of; to C. for; for D. of; for2. He decided ______ voluntary work at the children's hospital.( )A. do B. to do C. doing D. did3. My mother told me ______ late for school again.( )A. not to be B. to not be C. don't be D. not be4. We organized a party ______ their spirits.( )A. raise B. raising C. to raise D. raised5. I saw her ______ a song in the classroom just now.( )A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings6. She has no paper ______.( )A. write B. to write C. to write on D. writing on7. Why not ______ with us to the old people's home ( )A. go B. to go C. going D. goes8. His dream is ______ a doctor to help sick people.( )A. be B. to be C. being D. beenB、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I want ______ (volunteer) to help disabled children.2. She offered ______ (take) photos for Jin Ya.3.We hope ______ (raise) more money for the elderly.4. The teacher made us ______ (finish) our homework on time.5. He decided ______ (not go) to the park today.6. I'm glad ______ (see) you here.7. We need a pen ______ (write) with.8. Let's ______ (cheer) the sick children up.C、句型转换(按要求改写句子)1. To learn English well is important.(改为同义句,用 it 作形式主语)______ ______ important ______ ______ English well.2. He wants to help the elderly.(改为否定句)He ______ ______ ______ help the elderly.3. She taught me to sing.(改为一般疑问句)______ she ______ you to sing 4. We go to the hospital to cheer the sick children up.(对划线部分提问)______ ______ you go to the hospital 5. Let's go to the park.(改为同义句,用 Why not... )______ ______ go to the park 四、单元书面表达总结(写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板)本单元书面表达核心话题:申请开展志愿活动的电子邮件(必考,贴合单元 Project 及 Writing 模块),要求向老师申请许可,说明志愿活动的计划、目的、内容等。(一)写作框架梳理核心逻辑:礼貌开头(说明写信目的)→ 详细介绍活动计划(时间、地点、人物、内容)→ 说明活动意义 → 礼貌结尾(请求许可、表达感谢、期待回复)第一段(开头,1-2 句):礼貌问候 + 说明写信目的(申请开展志愿活动的许可)核心句式:I am writing to you about our plans to organize a voluntary activity.I am writing to ask for your permission to organize a voluntary activity.第二段(主体1,2-3 句):介绍活动的基本信息(目的、帮助对象、参与人数)核心句式:In order to help people in need, we plan to... / We want to help... because... / Some students from our class have offered to take part in it.第三段(主体2,2-3 句):详细说明活动内容、时间、地点核心句式:We plan to... / We are also thinking about... / We would like to hold the activity on... at...第四段(结尾,1-2 句):请求许可 + 表达感谢 + 期待回复核心句式:Could you please give us permission to organize the activity / Thank you for your support. / We look forward to your reply.(二)高分词汇/词组积累1. 高分词汇短语(替换基础表达)organize → arrange(安排;组织)help → assist / support(帮助;支持)want to → hope to / plan to / intend to(希望;计划;打算)cheer sb. up → lift sb.'s spirits(使某人振奋,更高级)take part in → participate in(参加,更正式)kind → kind-hearted / warm-hearted(善良的,更生动)happy → joyful / pleased(高兴的,更高级)important → significant / meaningful(重要的;有意义的)children in need → children who are in trouble(有需要的孩子,更丰富)2. 高分连接词/句式(使作文连贯,逻辑清晰)表目的:in order to / so as to / in order that(为了)表补充:besides / also / as well as(此外;也)表原因:because / since / as(因为)表举例:for example / for instance(例如)高级句式:It is meaningful for us to do voluntary work.(对我们来说,做志愿工作是有意义的。)(三)参考范文To: Ms LiSubject: Ask for permission to organize a voluntary activityDear Ms Li,I am writing to ask for your permission to organize a voluntary activity with my classmates. We hope to help the elderly people in our community through this activity.In order to make the elderly feel less lonely and more joyful, we plan to visit the old people's home near our school. Eight students from our class have offered to participate in this activity. They are all kind-hearted and willing to help others.We would like to hold the activity on Saturday, March 29th. During the activity, we will help the elderly clean their rooms, chat with them to listen to their stories, and teach them to use smartphones. Besides, we will sing some old songs to lift their spirits. Some of us will also bring some fruits for them.This activity is meaningful for us to learn to care for others and understand the pain of the elderly. Could you please give us permission to organize it Thank you for your support and kindness. We look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei(四)写作模板To: (老师姓名,如 Ms Wang / Mr Zhang)Subject: Ask for permission to organize a voluntary activityDear (老师姓名),I am writing to ask for your permission to organize a voluntary activity with my classmates. We plan to organize this activity to (说明活动目的,如 help the disabled children / cheer up the sick children in the hospital).In order to (重复/细化目的,如 make the disabled children feel happy and warm), we want to help (帮助对象,如 the disabled children in the community / the sick children in the Children's Hospital). (参与人数) students from our class have offered to take part in it. We are all willing to give our help and bring joy to them.We would like to hold the activity on (时间,如 Saturday, April 5th) at (地点,如 the community center / the Children's Hospital). During the activity, we plan to (活动内容1,如 teach them to sing and draw). We are also thinking about (活动内容2,如 help them tidy up their rooms / tell them interesting stories). Besides, we will (活动内容3,如 bring some gifts for them / organize a small game) to make them happy.This voluntary activity is very meaningful. It can help us learn to care for others and understand the importance of kindness. Could you please give us permission to organize it Thank you for your support. We look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,(你的姓名) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 1 Helping those in need 知识清单(背诵版).docx 沪教牛津八年级下册Unit 1 Helping those in need 知识清单(默写版).docx