Unit 1 Past and present 单元知识清单 译林版新教材英语八年级下册

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Unit 1 Past and present 单元知识清单 译林版新教材英语八年级下册

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Unit 1 Past and present 单元知识点梳理
一、重点单词
1. past /pɑ st/ n. 过去;昔日(短语:in the past 在过去)
2. present / preznt/ n. 现在;目前(短语:at present 现在)
3. ago / ɡ / adv. 以前(短语:ten years ago 十年前)
4. change /t e nd / v. 改变;变化 n. 变化(短语:change a lot 变化很大)
5. used to /ju st tu / 过去常常(后接动词原形,表过去习惯性动作)
6. hometown / h mta n/ n. 家乡;故乡
7. transport / tr nsp t/ n. 交通;运输(短语:public transport 公共交通)
8. different / d fr nt/ adj. 不同的(反义词:same;短语:be different from 与……不同)
9. same /se m/ adj. 相同的(短语:the same as 和……一样)
10. just /d st/ adv. 刚刚;正好(用于现在完成时)
11. already / l redi/ adv. 已经(用于现在完成时肯定句)
12. yet /jet/ adv. 还;仍(用于现在完成时否定句和疑问句)
13. live /l v/ v. 居住;生活(过去式:lived;短语:live in 居住在)
14. work /w k/ v. 工作;劳动(过去式:worked;短语:work in a factory 在工厂工作)
15. study / st di/ v. 学习;研究(过去式:studied;短语:study at school 在学校学习)
16. play /ple / v. 玩;玩耍(过去式:played;短语:play football 踢足球)
17. watch /w t / v. 观看;注视(过去式:watched;短语:watch TV 看电视)
18. walk /w k/ v. 走;步行(过去式:walked;短语:walk to school 步行上学)
19. take /te k/ v. 乘坐;拿(过去式:took;短语:take the bus 乘公交车)
20. ride /ra d/ v. 骑;乘(过去式:rode;短语:ride a bike 骑自行车)
21. read /ri d/ v. 阅读;读(过去式:read;短语:read books 读书)
22. write /ra t/ v. 写;书写(过去式:wrote;短语:write letters 写信)
munication /k mju n ke n/ n. 交流;沟通(短语:face-to-face communication 面对面交流)
24. Internet / nt net/ n. 互联网;因特网(短语:surf the Internet 上网)
25. mobile / m ba l/ adj. 移动的;可移动的(短语:mobile phone 手机)
26. slow /sl / adj. 慢的;缓慢的(反义词:fast;副词:slowly)
27. fast /fɑ st/ adj.&adv. 快的(地);迅速的(地)
28. easy / i zi/ adj. 容易的;简单的(反义词:difficult;副词:easily)
29. difficult / d f k lt/ adj. 困难的;艰难的
30. happy / h pi/ adj. 高兴的;幸福的(副词:happily;反义词:unhappy)
二、重点短语
1. in the past 在过去
2. at present 现在;目前
3. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
4. be different from 与……不同
5. change a lot 变化很大
6. over the years 这些年来
7. walk to school 步行上学
8. ride a bike 骑自行车
9. take the bus 乘公交车
10. go to work 去上班
11. work in a factory 在工厂工作
12. study at home 在家学习
13. play football 踢足球
14. watch TV 看电视
15. read books 读书
16. write letters 写信
17. surf the Internet 上网
18. mobile phone 手机
19. face-to-face communication 面对面交流
20. the same as 和……一样
三、重点句型
1. —What did you do in the past
—I used to play football after school.
(—你过去常常做什么?—我过去放学后常常踢足球。)
2. My hometown has changed a lot over the years.
(这些年来我的家乡变化很大。)
3. Life is very different from what it was ten years ago.
(现在的生活和十年前大不相同。)
4. —Did you use to walk to school
—Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
(你过去常常步行上学吗?—是的,我是。/不,我不是。)
5. Now I take the bus to school, but I used to ride a bike.
(现在我乘公交车上学,但我过去常常骑自行车。)
6. —Have you ever surfed the Internet
—Yes, I have already surfed it. / No, I haven't surfed it yet.
(你曾经上过网吗?—是的,我已经上过了。/不,我还没有。)
7. My father used to work in a factory, but now he works in an office.
(我爸爸过去在工厂工作,但现在他在办公室工作。)
8. It was difficult to keep in touch with friends in the past.
(过去和朋友保持联系很难。)
9. Now we can communicate with each other easily by mobile phone.
(现在我们可以通过手机轻松地互相交流。)
10. How has your life changed since you came to middle school
(自从你上中学以来,你的生活变化了多少?)
四、重点词汇辨析
1. ago & before
词汇 含义与用法 例句
ago 副词,用于一般过去时,放在时间段后,表“多久以前” I left my hometown ten years ago.(我十年前离开了家乡。)
before 副词,可用于现在完成时或一般过去时,单独使用或接从句,表“之前” I have never been there before.(我以前从未去过那里。) He told me the news the day before.(他前一天告诉了我这个消息。)
2. used to & be used to
词汇 含义与用法 例句
used to 后接动词原形,表“过去常常做某事”(现在已不做) She used to play the piano every day.(她过去每天都弹钢琴。)
be used to 后接名词/动名词,表“习惯于做某事”;后接动词原形,表“被用来做某事” I am used to getting up early.(我习惯早起。) Knives are used to cut things.(刀被用来切东西。)
3. already & yet
词汇 含义与用法 例句
already 用于现在完成时肯定句,表“已经” I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。)
yet 用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句,表“还;仍” Have you finished your homework yet (你完成作业了吗?) I haven't finished my homework yet.(我还没完成作业。)
五、重点语法
1. 一般过去时
含义:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
句式结构:
① 肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他
例:He played football yesterday.(他昨天踢足球了。)
② 否定句:主语+didn't+动词原形+其他
例:He didn't play football yesterday.(他昨天没踢足球。)
③ 一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答:No, 主语+didn't.
例:Did he play football yesterday Yes, he did./No, he didn't.
标志词:yesterday, last week, ten years ago, in 2000等。
2. used to的用法
含义:表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,现在已不存在。
句式结构:
① 肯定句:主语+used to+动词原形+其他
例:I used to walk to school.(我过去常常步行上学。)
② 否定句:主语+didn't use to+动词原形+其他
例:I didn't use to walk to school.(我过去不常步行上学。)
③ 一般疑问句:Did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他?
例:Did you use to walk to school Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
3. 现在完成时(初步)
含义:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果,或从过去持续到现在的动作。
句式结构:主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他
标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never, over the years等。
例句:
I have finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。)
My hometown has changed a lot.(我的家乡变化很大。)
4. 一般现在时与一般过去时的对比
一般现在时:表现在的动作、状态或习惯性动作,标志词:every day, usually, often等。
一般过去时:表过去的动作或状态,标志词:yesterday, last week, ago等。
例句:
Now I take the bus to school.(现在我乘公交车上学。)
I used to ride a bike to school.(我过去常常骑自行车上学。)
六、写作指导(介绍过去与现在变化类短文)
1. 写作结构
部分 内容要点 常用表达
开头 点明主题,引出过去与现在的变化 My life has changed a lot over the years. Today I want to talk about the changes between the past and present.
主体 分点对比过去和现在的生活(如学习、交通、娱乐、交流等) In the past, I used to walk to school. Now I take the bus every day. Before, I played football with friends after school. But now I have to do my homework and surf the Internet to study.
结尾 表达对变化的感受,或总结变化的意义 These changes make my life easier and more colorful. I love the present life, but I also miss the happy days in the past.
2. 范文示例
My Life in the Past and Present
Time flies! My life has changed a lot in the last three years. Let me tell you about it.
In the past, I lived in a small village. I used to walk to school every day, which took me about 30 minutes. After school, I often played football with my friends in the field. We didn't have mobile phones or the Internet, so we spent a lot of time playing outside. My parents worked in the fields all day, and we lived a simple but happy life.
Now, I live in a big city with my parents. I take the bus to school every morning, which is faster and more comfortable. After school, I have to do my homework first, then I can surf the Internet to learn more knowledge or chat with friends on WeChat. My parents now work in offices, and we live in a big apartment with a lot of modern furniture.
I think the changes are good. They make my life easier and more interesting. But sometimes I miss the old days when I played freely with my friends in the village. Anyway, I will cherish the present and look forward to the future.

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