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新版牛津英语 八下Unit 4 基础知识
I.重点词汇
1.master n.著名画家;绘画大师 n.主人 v.精通;掌握 master skills掌握技能
2. whenever conj.①每当;每次 ②无论什么时候 =no matter when
3. alone adv.独自;adj. 独自的 lonely adj.孤单的;寂寞的 leave sb.alone 让某人独自呆着
4. copy v.仿造;临摹 n.复印件;复制品
5. damage v.损坏;毁坏damaged adj.被破坏的 destroy v.摧毁;毁悼(全部)
6. separate adj.不同的;不相关的 separately adv.分别地;单独地s eparate...from...把....分开
7. exhibition n.展览;展出 exhibit n.展览品 v. 展览，陈列
8. detail n. 细部;局部;细节 detailed adj.详细的;细致的 in detail详细地;细致地
9. require v.需要requirement n.需求require sb.to do 要求某人做某事 sth require doing 某事需要被做=need doing
priceless adj.无价的
“-less”形容词词缀，表“没有..的”
homeless adj.无家可归的careless adj.粗心的useless adj.没有用的hopeless adj.没有希的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地 fortunate adj. 幸运的= lucky adj.幸运的
graduate v.毕业 graduation n.毕业 graduate n.毕业生
limit v.限量，减量 limited adj.有限的
preserve v.维持原装,保存 preservation n.保护，维护
promote v.促进;推动 promotion n.促销;推广
split v.分开;撕裂 split-split-split split...into...把...分成
display v. 展示;显露; n.展览,陈列
present v.颁发;授予;呈现 n. 目前 at present adj.目前的;在场的
surprise v./n.使惊讶;惊讶 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 surprisingly adv.令人惊讶地
compare v.比较comparison n.比较
announce v.宣布;公布announcement n.公告;宣布
simple adj.简单的 simply adv.仅仅
tirelessly adv.不知疲倦地 tireless adj.不知疲倦的 tired adj.疲倦的tire v.使..疲劳
shocking adj.令惊的 shocked adj.吃饮的:震惊的 shock n.震葸:惊吓 v.使震惊
II.重点短语
1.in one sitting 一口气的工夫 2.in the mood有心情 in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
3.pass along 向前行;沿......而过 pass v.及格，合格;走过;传递 pass the exam考试及格pass sth. to sb.递物给
pass away 去世 pass by路过;经过 pass down 传承
be at one with ..完全一致;是......的一部分 5. next to紧邻;在......近旁
6 at last 最后:终于 7. all walks of life 各行各业;各界人士
8 all the time 一直;始终 9 different forms of 不同形式的
10 make up one's mind 下决心 make one's mind to do 下定决心去做
11 be known as 作为...而闻名 be known for 因..闻名 12 present awards 颁奖
13 be devoted to doing致力于，献身于 14 work as....担任:以..身份工作
15 compare...with..把....比较
III.句式
1. hear of听说 hear from 收到...的来信= receive a letter from sb hear about 听说关于...事
hear sb do sth 看见某事做了某事 （全过程，经常性，已完成）/ hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事
练习
--How often do you _______your parents --Twice a month. They always write to me.
hear about B. hear of C. hear from D.receive
-- Do you know the famous singer Jay Chou --Yes, of course. I have _____him for a long time.
heard B. heard of C.heard from D.listened to
I heard him __________(go) out just now.
4. Have you ever___________(hear) of this story
5. She was heard ___________(play) the violin in the next room.
6. I look forward to___________(hear) from you soon.
2. a world-famous landscape painting named Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountain
分析结构:“名词+过去分词done”
语法逻辑:“name”与被修饰词“painting”构成‘被动关系’(画是“被命名”的)
用过去分词形式作定语，表“被动、完成”。
作用: 过去分词“done”作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，相当一个被动语态的定语从句。
还原公式: 名词+done= 名词+which/that+be+done
例：1.The car made in China sells well=The car which is made in China sells well.这辆中国制造的车很畅销。。
2.The bridge built in 1998 is still strong.= The bridge which was built in 1998 is still strong. 1998 年建造的那桥仍然坚固。
非谓语：分词
doing 现在分词 名词+doing ,表主动关系，意“正在做/经常做” a man sitting alone
done 过去分词 名词+dong, 表被动关系，意“被做/已经做” the book written by him
句型转换练习
1 The man who is standing at the gate is a policeman.
== The man ______________at the gate is a policeman.
2. The letter which was received yesterday is from my brother.
==The letter ________________ yesterday is from my brother.
3. Do you know the boy who is talking to the teacher
== Do you know the boy_____________to the teacher
The question which was discussed at the meeting is very important.
==The question _______________at the meeting is very important.
The car which was stolen last night was found by the police.
===The car _________________last night was found by the police.
用括号内动词的适当形式(ing或done)填空
Most of the artists_____________(invite) to the party were famous.
Do you know the name of the play_____________(put) on in the theatre now
The meeting_____________(hold) yesterday was a great success.
The leaves_____________(fall) from the trees covered the ground.
The book_____________(lie) on the desk is mine.
such/so...that.，如此..以至于(结果状语从句)
句型结构:such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句(如此...以至于...)
1).such后必须接名词短语(形容词+名词)
2).名词是单数时必须加a/an;不可数名词或名词复数时则无需a/an
3).that引导的从句表示结果
翻译：1）这是福如此漂亮的话，大家都很喜欢。
他们是如此善良的人，总是帮助别人。
句型结构: so +形容词/副词+that从句 (如此....以至于...)
1).so后接形容词或副词，不能直接接名词
2). that引导的从句表示结果。
翻译：1）他跑得如此快，以至于没有人追上他。
2）箱子是如此的重，以至于我搬不动。
近义短语：so that / too...to do ..../ enough...to do.../ in order to/in order that...
She was so tired that she couldn't walk.== She was _______tired______walk.
I got up early so that I could catch the bus.=== I got up early ________ _________ ________ catch the bus.
It a such a good movie that everyone loved it.=== The movie was ________ _________ ________ everyone loved it.
The book is so interesting that I want to read it again.=== It is_______ ______ ______ ______ ______I want to read it again.
基础练习
I.用单词的适当形式填空
The _________(require) for a deep love for cultural heritage and professional knowledge.
2. She received a warm_________(invite) to attend the international conference on heritage protection.
3. The_________(preserve) of cultural heritage is a long-term task that requires joint efforts from all people.
4. Her_________(devote) to protecting ancient murals has made her respected figure in the field.
5. The _________(compare) between the original painting and the copy chows obvious differences in skills.
6. The _________(detail) introduction of the ancient city helps visitors understand its historical value.
7. _________(fortunate), the heavy rain didn't cause much damage to the outdoor exhibition.
8.She_________(gradual) developed a deep interest in traditional Chinese paintings.
9. After_________(graduate), she went to Dunhuang to work as a heritage protection volunteer.
10. He_________(simple) couldn't believe that the ancient relic was found in such a remote village.
11.People were_________(shock) by the news that the ancient temple was damaged by fire.
12. The cultural relics are_________(separate) stored in temperature-controlled rooms.
13. The_________(complete) of the project to protect the old town will take about three years.
14. He speaks_________(proud) of his grandfather, who is a famous heritage protection expert.
15. The_________(nature) scenery in the painting is so vivid that it feels like being in a real mountain village.
16. The _________(shock) news of the relic being damaged spread quickly across the country.
17. She worked_________(tireless) to collect and/sort out folk art works.
18. The_________(careful)we are in handling cultural relics, the fewer mistakes we will make.
19. The_________(own) of the ancient jade necklace decided to donate it to the national museum.
20. She couldn't hide her_________(proud) when talking about her team's achievements in relic protection.
II.从下面所给短语中选择合适语，并用其适当形式填空。
in one sitting; in the mood, be at one with; to one's surprise; make up one's mind to do; be known as; all walks of life; be devoted to doing; work as; compare...with...;
She doesn't feel ____________to go out tonight. She prefers to stay at home and read.
When he hikes in the mountains, he feels ____________nature.
The old artist____________"the master of landscape painting" for his amazing works.
The festival invites people from____________to share their stories and experiences.
He____________a doctor in a small town and has helped many patients.
____________, the simple exhibition displayed so many breathtaking works that it attracted thousands of visitors.
She ____________protecting wild animals and has spent most of her savings on it.
8.You can't ____________this book____________that one; they have different styles.
9.He ____________ learn English well and practices speaking every morning.
10. It's impossible to rich reading this thick novel ____________;you need to take your time.
III.书面表达
学校学生会正在招募“手拉手”活动的志愿者，为外国来访学生展示传统手工制作(例如剪纸、风筝、灯笼等)，以弘扬中华传统文化。假如你是李欣，请你用英文给学校学生会写一封自荐信，在信中说明你申请成为志愿者的理由以及你会做什么。内容提示:
Why would you like to be a volunteer
(2) What do you think of traditional Chinese culture
(3) What can you do as a volunteer
注意:文中不得透露个人真实信息;词数不少于100;文中已给出的内容不计人总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
Learning that the student union is looking for volunteers, I'm writing to apply to become a volunteer._________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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语法：被动语态
概念:语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语动词之间的具体关系。分为主动和被动语态。主动语态的句子中主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才能使用被动语态。
（一）被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be+动词的过去分词，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与系动词be一样。变为否定式时，只需在助动词或情态动词后面加not即可。
一般现在时：am/is/are done 一般过去时：was/were done
一般将来时：will be done 情态动词：can be done
被动语态的用法
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，通常用被动语态
例：The bridge was built last year. His money was stolen last night.
强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者时，通常用被动语态。
The homework must be handed on time.
说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。
常用句型: It is said that...据说.... It is reported that....据报道....
It is hoped that...希望... It is believed that... 人们相信
主动语态转化为被动语态的方法
1.方法：1）把主动语态的宾语变力动语态的主语。
2）把语动词变为被动结构(be+动词的过去分词）。(注意:动词的时态保持不变。)
3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，若主语是人称代词，则把主格变为宾格。
(注意:如果不强调动作的执行者，by短语可以省略)。
带双宾语的主动语态变被动语态。
主动句中带有双宾语的动词在被动句中可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语，但用直接宾语作主语时应在间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。在动词 send,pass,give，post,leave 等后应加介词to，而在动词buy,sing，cook，draw，make等后应加介词for。
例: 1.I'll give her a present for her birthday.我将送她一件生日礼物。--> A present will be given to her for her birthday by me.
2. My father made me a kite.我爸爸给我做了一个风筝。 --> A kite was made for me by my father.
3.在主动句中，如果动词后是复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)，则被动语态中，只可用宾语作被动语态的主语，而不可用宾语补足语作主语。 We called that dog Huahua. -->That dog was called Huahua.
4.动词短语变被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。
(注意:在变被动语态时，不能丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。)
They will take good care of these children.-->These children will be taken good care of by them.
易错点
英语中有部分动词的主动语态常表示被动含义，比如wash，open，write，sell，wear等，当他们用于主动语态时，常常表示被动含义，常与easily，well，quickly等副词连用，用于描述事物的特征或状态。
例句: This book sells well.这本书很畅销。(sell是主动形式，表被动含义，强调书的特性-畅销)
The cloth washes well. 这种布料很好洗（wash是主动形式，表被动含义，强调布料的特性-好洗)
一．单选题
A new hospital _______ in our town last year, and it has benefited many people.
builds B. was built C. will be built D. is built
Many ancient buildings _______by the heavy rain last month, so they are being repaired now.
damaged B. were damaged C. will be damaged D. are damaged
According to the plan, more than 10 new buses _______to the city's public transport system next year.
will be added B. added C. were added D. are adding
--Why didn't you tend the meeting yesterday --Because I__ _____not _______about it at all.
am; told B.was; told C. will be; told D. have been; told
A lot of trees _______along the river bank next spring to prevent soil erosion.
planted B. were planted C. will be planted D. are planting
The famous writer's novel _______into three languages last year and it_______in more countries soon.
was translated; will be published B. translated; publishes
is translated; will publish D. was translating; is published
--_______ the school sports meeting _______next Friday --Yes, it_______because of the bad weather last week.
Will; be held; was put off B. Is; held; will be put off
C.Was; held; is put off D. Will; hold; put off
8.The number of rare plants_____greatly recently because more nature reserves_____to protect them.
A. increases; are set up B. has increased; are set up C. increased; were set up D. is increased; set up
9. More measures_____to improve the traffic condition in the downtown area, according to the official announcement.
A. take B. were taken C.will be taken D. are taking
10. --Do you know when the bridge_____ --Yes, it _____in 1998 and it's still in good condition.
A. was built; was built B. will be built; built C. is built; was built D. was built; will be built
11. The final exam_____to next Monday because the teacher has a training course this week.
A. postpones B. was postponed C. will be postponed D. is postponing
12. Many valuable cultural relics_____during the excavation(挖掘) last year and they_____in the new museum soon.
A. discovered,will display B. were discovered; will be displayed
C. are discovered; displayed D. were discovering; are displayed
13.--______the tickets for the concert online --Yes, and they_____quickly yesterday.
A. Can; be bought; were sold B. Will; buy; sold
C. Are; bought; will be sold D were; bought; are sold
14. A new subway line _____our city now and it _____to the airport when it's completed next year.
A. is built, connects B. was built; will connect C. is being built; will be connected D. will be built; was connected
15. The problem _____at the meeting yesterday, but no solution_____ yet.
A. discussed, was found B. was discussed; has been found C. will be discussed, found D. is discussed; will be found
16. --How soon______the project _____ -- It _____in about three months.
A. will; complete, will finish B. is; completed; finishes
C. will, be completed; will be finished D. was; complete, finished
17. The naughty boy ______by his parents because he broke the neighbor's window this morning.
A. punished B. was punished C. will be punished D. is punishing
18.I _____that the famous actor will visit our school next month. We're all looking forward to it.
A. says B. is said C. said D. was said
19. The results of the competition _____to the participants by email last night, and he awards at the ceremony next Saturday.
A. sent; will present B.were sent; will be presented C. are sent; presented D. were sending; are presented
20. It is suggested that more after-school activities_____ for students to develop their hobbies, and these activities _____by professional teachers.
A. be organized; should be guided B. organize; guide
C. are organized; are guided D. will be organized; will guide
二.根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The Khan (可汗)offered Su Wu a job, but it ___________(refuse).
2. Poet Du Fu wrote this poem in springtime, when he ___________(catch) by An Lushan's rebel army(叛军).
3. However, the 72-year-old director said that he felt very lucky ___________ (choose) to direct the ceremonies for both Beijing Olympics.
4. But before the responses are posted, an AI program reads all of them. Only positive word can___________(show).
5. If you stand together, you can not ___________(hurt) by anyone.
6. Before they were rescued, they___________(force) to perform for tourists.
7. Originally, tea ___________(value) for its medicinal qualities.
8. The night art school Yang attends___________(set) up by the local government in 2016.
9. Before the series came out, there were some reports of relics which___________(steal) from the British Museum in London.
10. The old temple___________(damage) he earthquake ten years ago and it ___________(not rebuild) yet.
11. The novel___________(translate) into tie languages since it was published in 2023.
12. Three quarters of the land in this area___________(cover) with forests.
13. Some equipment___________ (donate) to the rural school yesterday. It ___________ (include) computers and printers.
14. The police___________ (call) to the scene immediately after the accident happened.
15. Jinggang Mountain in Jiangxi, known as one of the cradles (摇篮) of the Chinese revolution,___________ (admire) by young visitors.
16.The 24 solar terms___________ (regard) as an important part of Chinese culture for centuries.
17. A lot of ancient coins___________ (find) during the excavation of the old city last month.
18. The United Nations___________ (found) in 1945. It___________ (play) an important role in world peace.
19. Not only the teacher but also the students___________ (invite) to the school celebration last week.
20. A number of new houses___________ (build) in our community since last year.
21. The sports meeting___________ (cancel) last week because of the heavy snow, but it ___________ (hold) next month.
Unit 4参考答案
I. 重点句式练习答案
1. hear 相关短语辨析
1. C (hear from sb. 意为“收到某人的来信”)
2. B (hear of 意为“听说”)
3. go (hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做了某事/经常做某事)
4. heard (现在完成时)
5. playing (hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事)
6. hearing (look forward to doing sth.)
2. 非谓语动词（分词作定语）
(1) 句型转换练习
1. standing (The man who is standing...)
2. received (The letter which was received...)
3. talking (Do you know the boy who is talking...)
4. discussed (The question which was discussed...)
5. stolen (The car which was stolen...)
(2) 用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1. invited (artists与invite是被动关系)
2. being put (now提示正在进行，且play与put on是被动关系，故用being put)
3. held (meeting与hold是被动关系)
4. fallen (fallen leaves 落叶，表示已完成的动作)
5. lying (book与lie是主动关系，表示正躺在...)
3. 结果状语从句 (such/so...that)
翻译练习
1. This is such a beautiful flower that everyone likes it.
2. They are such kind people that they always help others.
3. He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.
4. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
句型转换练习
1. too...to (too tired to walk)
2. in order to (in order to catch)
3. so good a movie that (同义句转换)
4. such an interesting book that (so...that转换为such...that)
II. 基础练习答案
I. 用单词的适当形式填空
1. requirement (The requirement for... ...的要求)
2. invitation (a warm invitation 一个热情的邀请)
3. preservation (The preservation of... ...的保护)
4. devotion (Her devotion to... 她对...的奉献)
5. comparison (The comparison between... ...的比较)
6. detailed (detailed introduction 详细的介绍)
7. Fortunately (Fortunately, ... 幸运地是...)
8. gradually (gradually developed 逐渐发展)
9. graduation (After graduation 毕业后)
10. simply (simply couldn't believe 根本不敢相信)
11. shocked (People were shocked by... 人们被...震惊了)
12. separately (separately stored 被分别储存)
pletion (The completion of... ...的完成)
14. proudly (speaks proudly of... 骄傲地谈论...)
15. natural (natural scenery 自然风景)
16. shocking (shocking news 令人震惊的消息)
17. tirelessly (worked tirelessly 不知疲倦地工作)
18. more careful (The more careful... 越仔细...)
19. owner (The owner of... ...的主人)
20. pride (her pride 她的骄傲)
II. 选词填空
1. in the mood (doesn't feel in the mood 没心情)
2. at one with (feel at one with nature 与自然融为一体)
3. is known as (is known as... 被称为...)
4. all walks of life (people from all walks of life 来自各行各业的人)
5. works as (works as a doctor 担任医生)
6. To his surprise (To one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是)
7. is devoted to (is devoted to doing 致力于...)
8. compare... with (compare A with B 把A和B比较)
9. makes up her mind to (make up one's mind to do 下定决心做某事)
10. in one sitting (impossible to finish in one sitting 不可能一口气读完)
III. 语法专项：被动语态练习答案
一、单选题
1. B (last year提示一般过去时，hospital是被建)
2. B (last month提示一般过去时，buildings是被损坏)
3. A (next year提示一般将来时)
4. B (yesterday提示一般过去时，I was told)
5. C (next spring提示一般将来时)
6. A (last year用was translated; soon提示一般将来时)
7. A (next Friday提示一般将来时的被动语态; because of...提示被推迟了)
8. B (recently提示现在完成时；nature reserves是被建立)
9. C (according to...提示一般将来时的被动语态)
10. A (when问的是建成时间，用一般过去时被动语态)
11. C (next week提示一般将来时，exam被推迟)
12. B (last year用被动语态; soon提示一般将来时被动语态)
13. A (Can the tickets be bought... 票能被买吗？yesterday提示一般过去时)
14. C (now提示现在进行时被动语态; when完成时用一般将来时被动语态)
15. B (yesterday提示一般过去时; yet提示现在完成时)
16. C (How soon提问将来时间; project被完成)
17. B (this morning提示一般过去时，boy被惩罚)
18. B (It is said that... 据说...)
19. B (last night提示一般过去时; next Saturday提示一般将来时)
20. A (It is suggested that... 后接 (should) + 动词原形，被动用be organized)
二、根据句意填空
1. was refused (job被拒绝)
2. was caught (he被抓住)
3. to be chosen (feel lucky to do sth.; he与choose是被动关系)
4. be shown (word被展示)
5. be hurt (you与hurt是被动关系)
6. were forced (they被强迫)
7. was valued (tea被看重)
8. was set (school被建立)
9. were stolen (relics被偷)
10. was damaged; has not been rebuilt (ten years ago用过去时; yet用现在完成时)
11. has been translated (since提示现在完成时)
12. is covered (land是不可数名词，被动)
13. was donated; included (yesterday提示过去时; 描述过去事实用过去时)
14. were called (police被叫去)
15. is admired (被动语态，被钦佩)
16. have been regarded (for centuries提示现在完成时)
17. were found (last month提示一般过去时)
18. was founded; plays (1945年被建立; 现在发挥重要作用)
19. were invited (last week提示过去时; Not only...but also...遵循就近原则，students是复数)
20. have been built (since last year提示现在完成时)
21. was cancelled; will be held (last week用过去时; next month用将来时)

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