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被动语态(2)
通过情境体验，能够了解一般过去时的被动语态的用法。
能够正确使用一般过去时的被动语态。
能够使用一般过去时的被动语态表述与父母产生矛盾的经历。
lazy
sofa
adj. 懒洋洋的，慵懒的
n. 长沙发
The lazy dog was carried to the sofa by its owner.
这只懒狗被它的主人抱到了沙发上。
term
n. 学期
A lot of time is spent on sports in our class this term.
这学期我们班的很多时间都用在了体育运动上。
spend
v. 花(时间)
conversation
n. 谈话，交谈，会话
A quiet conversation was heard in the next room just now. 刚才隔壁房间传来一阵轻声的交谈。
disagreement
n. 意见不合，分歧，争论
They had a small disagreement about where to go for lunch. 他们就去哪里吃午饭发生了一点小争执。
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.
(a) I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist.
(b) I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman.
5
一般过去时被动语态
一般过去时被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态的肯定句结构：
主语 + was /were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作的执行者)。
The promise wasn’t kept, so you can’t stay out late next time.
Now find one more sentence with this structure in the reading passage.
一般过去时的被动语态的否定句结构：
主语 + was /were +not + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作的执行者)。
在上一单元，我们学习了一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态。在本单元中，我们将学习一般过去时的被动语态，并对被动语态的用法进行归纳总结。
被动语态(二)
—一般过去时的被动语态
一、一般过去时的被动语态的构成
一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为：was / were +及物动词的过去分词。其各种句式结构与前面讲过的一般现在时的被动语态结构类似。
The poem was written by a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
The apples were sold by an old man.
The new supermarket wasn’t built last year.
Were those trees planted by the local villagers
Why was the dog hurt badly
二、被动语态用法总结
现在，我们根据时态变化的规则，将一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的主动语态和被动语态的结构总结如下（以 do 为例）：
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done
一般过去时 did was / were + done
一般将来时 will / be (am / is / are) going to + do will / be (am / is / are) going to + be + done
被动语态的肯定句形式、否定句形式和疑问句形式总结如下（以 do 为例）：
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
肯定句形式 主语 + am /is/are + done 主语 + was /were + done 主语 + will /be (am /is/are) going to + be + done
否定句形式 主语 + am /is/are + not + done 主语 + was /were + not + done 主语 + will not /be (am /is/are) not going to + be + done
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
一般疑问句形式 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done Was / Were + 主语 + done Will + 主语 + be + done;
Be (Am / Is / Are) + 主语 + going to + be + done
特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词 + am /is/are + 主语 + done 特殊疑问词 + was /were + 主语 + done 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done;
特殊疑问词 + be (am /is/are) + 主语 + going to + be + done
三、关于被动语态的几点注意事项
1. “不及物动词+介词/副词”构成的短语用于被动语态时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可漏掉，也不可与该结构中的动词拆开。
e.g. The cake was divided into five pieces.
I was woken up at 5 this morning.
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将主动句中的直接宾语(指物)或间接宾语(指人)变为被动句中的主语。如果把主动句中的直接宾语变为被动句中的主语，则需在间接宾语前加适当的介词to或for。
主动句：
The owner of the shop gave the girl some coins．
被动句：
Some coins were given to the girl by the owner of the shop. (直接宾语作主语)
The girl was given some coins by the owner of the shop. (间接宾语作主语)
3. 有些动词常用其主动形式表示被动意义，常见的有：
① sell, wash, write等用作不及物动词，且常与表示效果或程度的副词连用。
e.g. This pen writes well.
②表示感觉、知觉的系动词feel, sound, taste, smell等。
e.g. The silk scarf feels soft.
4. 在主动句中，使役动词(如make等)和感官动词(如see, watch, notice, hear等)后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；但在被动句中，这些词后面的动词不定式都需要带to。
e.g. The boss made them work nearly 14 hours a day.
→ They were made to work nearly 14 hours a day by the boss.
I noticed a little boy walk into the restaurant.
→ A little boy was noticed to walk into the restaurant by me.
Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple past.
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1. Betty’s dad didn’t allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Robert’s mum turned down his idea of hiking alone in the mountains.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Betty wasn’t allowed to have a lazy day on the sofa (by her dad).
Robert’s idea of hiking alone in the mountains was turned down (by his mum).
3. Sarah’s parents hid her birthday presents in their bedroom.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Sarah’s birthday presents were hidden in her parents’ bedroom (by her parents).
Dad,
You can’t just take my phone away. I actually use it for many important things. It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school. But now I _________ (cut off) from them! Do you still remember my space project from last term A lot of the research _________ (do) on my phone. And I did a really great job. Can I have my phone back, please
Samantha
Complete the messages with the correct form of the words and expression in brackets.
7
am cut off
was done
过去分词的不规则变化，如：cut – cut，do – done，
spend – spent，draw – drawn。
I’m sorry, Samantha.
I’m afraid that too much of your time _________ (spend) on your phone. That’s very bad for your eyes. At times, your attention _________ (draw) away during family meals. We need quality family time, too. How about this Let’s all put our phones down for a while every day and have a family conversation. What do you think
Dad
was spent
was drawn
Read the messages again and answer the questions.
1. Why does Samantha want her phone back
Because she uses the phone for many important things—like staying in touch with friends after school, and she did a lot of research for her last-term space project on the phone.
2. Why did Dad take Samantha’s phone away
Because he thinks too much of Samantha’s time was spent on the phone (which is bad for her eyes), and her attention was often drawn away by the phone during family meals.
3. What solution does Dad suggest
He suggests that the whole family put their phones down for a while every day and have a family conversation.
Have you had a difficult experience with your parents, just like Samantha and her dad
Yes, I have. Last month, my mom didn’t let me join the school camping trip because she thought it was unsafe. We argued a lot, but later we talked it out—she agreed to let me go after I showed her the trip’s safety plan.
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Write a story about a difficult experience with your parents. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you.
A difficult experience with my parents
When it happened
What caused it
How it ended
What I learnt / How our relationship changed
The problem was caused by...
I promised to... But...
My parents thought that...
In the end, we...
I’m sorry for...
After this disagreement, I learnt that...
When it happened：写具体时间，让故事更真实。
What caused it：说明矛盾起因。
How it ended：写矛盾的解决方式。
What I learnt：总结收获。
一、填充框架（明确要素）
二、串联内容（形成故事）
开头：点明时间 + 事件。
中间：详细写矛盾的发生、你的情绪，以及如何主动沟通。
结尾：写结局 + 感悟，呼应 “学到的道理”。
What caused it
Earlier, I promised my parents to do homework first after school. But after a busy day, I felt tired and just wanted to rest. However, my parents thought I should keep my promise.
How I dealt with it
I said sorry and explained my feelings.
How it ended
My parents understood and comforted me. After we talked, a fair solution was reached: I could relax for 30 minutes before homework.
What I learnt
It’s important to express myself clearly and listen to others patiently.
Last Tuesday, something unhappy happened.
Earlier, I promised my parents to do homework first after school. But after a busy day, I felt tired and just wanted to rest. However, my parents thought I should keep my promise. They kept asking me to do my homework. I felt sad and shouted at them. This made everyone unhappy.
Later, I calmed down. I said sorry and explained my feelings. My parents understood and comforted me. After we talked, a fair solution was reached: I could relax for 30 minutes before homework. Now I know: it’s important to express myself clearly and listen to others patiently.
1. Betty’s dad didn’t allow her to have a lazy day on the sofa.
Betty的爸爸不允许她懒洋洋地在沙发上耗一整天。
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
e.g. Mrs Black allows her son to play computer games on weekends.
布莱克夫人允许她的儿子在周末玩电脑游戏。
【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。
1) 他父母不会允许他在外面待到很晚。
His parents won’t _______ _______ _______ _______ out late.
2) 我们不允许在英语考试中使用词典。
We don’t _______ _______ a dictionary in the English exam.
allow him to stay
allow using
2. It helps me stay in touch with my friends after school.
它(手机)能帮我放学后和朋友们保持联系。
be / stay / keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
lose touch with sb. 与某人失去联系
e.g. Anyway, we must stay in touch.
不管怎样，我们一定要保持联系。
【语境应用】根据所讲内容将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。
1) 我也会想念你们的。咱们保持联系。
_________________________________________________
2) 我和很多老朋友失去了联系。
_________________________________________________
3) 我今天下午曾试图与你取得联系。
_________________________________________________
I’ll miss you, too. Let’s keep in touch.
I lost touch with many old friends.
I tried to get in touch with you this afternoon.
3. I’m afraid that too much of your time was spent on your phone.我担心你花了太多时间在手机上。
spend v. 花 (金钱；时间) ，其主语通常为人。
spend some money / time on ... 在……上花费金钱/时间
spend some money / time doing sth. 花费金钱/时间做某事
e.g. We spend a lot of money on food every month.
我们每个月都要在食物上花很多钱。
I spend two hours on my homework every day.
我每天花两个小时做作业。
Tom spent 200 yuan building a model plane.
汤姆花了 200 元制作一架模型飞机。
My grandmother spent most of her life looking after others.
我奶奶大半生都在照顾别人
spend v. 度过
spend some time with sb. 与某人一起度过一段时间
spend some time in / on / at some place 在某地度过一段时间
e.g. I’m going to spend the holiday with my family.
我打算和家人一起度假。
We spent the weekend in Paris.
我们在巴黎度过了这个周末。
take和cost也可以表示“花费”。
take表示花费时间。
It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事
cost表示花费金钱，主语通常是物。
sth. cost sb. + 金钱， 某物花了某人多少钱
e.g. It took me two hours to do my homework last night.
昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。
This picture cost Wu Juan 100 yuan.
这幅画花了吴娟 100 元。
【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。
1) 我姐姐每天花一个小时练习英语。
My sister ________ an hour ________ English every day.
2) 我花了五元钱买了这本书。
I ________ five yuan ________ this book.
3) 我上周末在奶奶家过的。
I ________ last weekend ________ my grandmother’s home.
4) 这个房子花了我很多钱。
The house ________ me a lot of money.
5) 完成这个工作花了我一个月时间。
It ________ me a month to finish the work.
spends practicing
spent on / buying
spent at
cost(s)
took
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。下面几种情况要用被动语态：
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者。
2. 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
3. 只需要强调动作的承受者。
一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词，其否定形式在was / were后加not，疑问句形式将was / were提到主语前。
Ⅰ. 根据语境及括号内所给的词语提示填空。
1. It’s said that tea __________(drink) for the first time about 5,000 years ago.
2. Jenny __________(ask) to clean the fridge and she accepted.
3. These cookies __________(make) by my sister yesterday morning.
4. The door __________(lock) so we had to wait outside the classroom.
was drunk
was asked
were made
was locked
5. His novels _____________(translate) into many different languages last year.
6. These beautiful flowers _____________(not plant) by me, but I once took care of them.
7. The fruit on the shelf _____________(sell) well every day.
8. Mr. Smith created a new game. Soon all his students _____________(teach) rules to play it.
were translated
weren’t planted
sells
were taught
Ⅱ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
1. The tall building was designed by a young man. (改为否定句)
The tall building ________ ________ by a young man.
2. The photos in my WeChat Moment were taken by my brother. (改为一般疑问句)
________ the photos in your WeChat Moment ________ by your brother
wasn’t designed
Were taken
3. Students put up the pictures on the wall yesterday. (改为被动语态)
The pictures ________ ________ ________ on the wall by students yesterday.
4. We saw the tall man enter the office. (改为被动语态)
The tall man ________ ________ ________ ________ the office by us.
5. A model plane was sent to me by John. (改为主动语态)
John ________ ________ a model plane.
were put up
was seen to enter
sent me
I CAN
通过情境体验，能够了解一般过去时的被动语态的用法。
正确使用一般过去时的被动语态。
使用一般过去时的被动语态表述与父母产生矛盾的经历。
用一般过去时的被动语态写五个句子。
使用一般过去时的被动语态表述与父母产生矛盾的一次经历。
Thank you!

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