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过去分词作定语和宾语补足语学案
（必修二U4 History and traditions）
教学重点 · 作定语：单个前置、短语后置；表被动 / 完成，可替换为被动定语从句。· 作宾补：核心结构 v.+sb./sth.+done，适用于感官、使役、表希望 / 要求的动词等；with+n.+done 表被动 / 完成。· 关键区分：与现在分词对比，-ed 表被动 / 完成 / 感到…，-ing 表主动 / 进行 / 令人…；宾补中被动用 - ed，主动用 - ing。· 特殊用法：have + 宾语 + done 表 “让别人做” 或 “遭遇意外”。
教学难点 · 情绪类分词（excited/exciting 等）的修饰对象区分（-ed 修人、-ing 修物 / 事）。· being done 表 “被动且正在进行” 的场景运用。· 不及物动词过去分词作定语仅表完成（无被动）。· with 复合结构中 done/doing/to do 的时态语态辨析。· have + 宾语 + done 的语义理解，避免误判为主语亲自做。
一、核心语法知识点梳理
（一）过去分词作定语
1. 位置规律：单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰名词前；过去分词短语作定语时，需置于被修饰名词后，相当于定语从句。
例：a broken cup（破碎的杯子，单个过去分词前置）
the books written by Mo Yan（莫言写的书，过去分词短语后置）(=which were written by Mo Yan)
2. 逻辑关系：过去分词与被修饰名词之间是被动关系或完成关系。
例：a trained dog（受过训练的狗，被动关系） fallen leaves（落叶，完成关系）
（二）过去分词作宾语补足语
1. 常见结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词（即 “v. + sb./sth. + done”）
2. 适用动词：
感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel 等
使役动词：make, have, get, keep 等
表示“希望、要求、命令”的动词：want, wish, order, request 等
其他动词：find, leave, consider, regard 等
例：I found the door locked.（我发现门是锁着的）/ We want the work finished by Friday.（我们希望这项工作周五前完成）
with 复合结构：with +n.+ done（被动/完成）
With +n.+ doing（主动/进行）
with +n.+ to do（未做）
With his homework done, he went out to have a rest.
With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go out with you.
With the boy leading the way, we found the house easily.
（三）注意事项及易错点
1. 区分过去分词与现在分词作定语：过去分词表被动/完成，现在分词表主动/进行。
例：a confusing question（令人困惑的问题, -ing表令人...）/a confused student（困惑的学生, -ed表感到...）
boiling water(正在沸腾的水)/boiled water (开水)
2. 区分过去分词与现在分词作宾语补足语：宾语与过去分词是被动关系，与现在分词是主动关系。
例：I saw him beaten by a man.（我看见他被一个男人打了，被动关系用过去分词）
I saw him beating a dog.（我看见他在打狗，主动关系用现在分词）
We found the bridge being repaired,so we had to take another road.(我们发现桥正在被修理，done的进行时为doing)
3. “have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的特殊含义：表“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种情况”，而非主语亲自做。
例：I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天剪了头发。让别人剪的）
I had my wallet stolen last week.(我上周钱包被偷了。)
一、基础填空题
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. We need to buy some ____________ (wrap) gifts for the children in the orphanage.
2. The ____________ (burn) building was soon put out by the firefighters.
3. I heard my name ____________ (call) when I was walking in the street.
4. He slept with the window ____________ (close) .
5. The teacher kept the students ____________ (wait) outside the office for half an hour.
6. The ____________ (break) window will be repaired tomorrow.
7. They found the lost child ____________ (hide) in the woods.
8. This is a ____________ (write) report; you can take it to the manager.
9. The workers left the machines ____________ (run) all night to finish the task.
10. The ____________ (injure) soldiers were sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
二、提升填空题
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The project ____________ (design) by the famous architect has won several international awards.
2. I want the documents ____________ (check) again before they are submitted.
3. The ____________ (excite) crowd cheered loudly when the team won the championship.
4. Having read the novel ____________ (translate) into English, she decided to learn the original version.
5. The boss had the contract（合同） ____________ (sign) by all the employees before the meeting.
6. We made a snowman with the thick ____________ (fall) snow in the yard.
7. We noticed the old man ____________ (help) by a young man when we passed by the park.
8. The lecture ____________ (give) by the professor last week was about environmental protection.
9. She kept her eyes ____________ (fix) on the painting, lost in thought.
10. The ____________ (surprise) news made everyone in the room silent for a moment.
三、翻译题
1. 你读过那本由一位年轻作家写的畅销书(best-selling)吗？
____________________________________________________________________________________
他们让这些问题在会议上被讨论了吗？
____________________________________________________________________________________
是什么让你如此困惑？
____________________________________________________________________________________
我们看到那个被遗弃（abandon）的婴儿正被一位善良的妇人照顾着。
____________________________________________________________________________________
在事故中受伤的男孩被送去了医院。
____________________________________________________________________________________
四、高考真题精选
1. (2024·全国卷Ⅱ) The ____________ (pollute) river in the city has been cleaned up, and now people can swim in it.
2. (2023·浙江卷) I found the letter ____________ (lie) on the desk when I got home, but I didn't open it.
3. (2023·新课标卷Ⅰ) The museum ____________ (build) in memory of the heroes attracts thousands of visitors every year.
4. (2022·全国卷Ⅰ) —Why did you leave the meeting early
—Because I found the speech ____________ (bore) and couldn't stand it anymore.
5. (2022·江苏卷) The boss wants the task ____________ (complete) before the end of the month, so we have to work overtime.
6. (2021·全国卷Ⅲ) We saw a group of children ____________ (play) on the playground, and their laughter filled the air.
7. (2021·山东卷) The ____________ (damage) bridge was closed to traffic last month, and it is still under repair.
8. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ) I had my car ____________ (repair) yesterday, but it still doesn't work properly.
9. (2020·浙江卷) The ____________ (interest) story told by the old man made all the children laugh.
10. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) When we arrived at the hotel, we found our rooms ____________ (clean) thoroughly.
参考答案
一）基础填空题
1. wrapped（过去分词作定语，gifts 与 wrap 是被动关系）
2. burning（现在分词作定语，building 与 burn 是主动关系，表“正在燃烧的”）
3. called（过去分词作宾语补足语，name 与 call 是被动关系）
4. closed （过去分词作宾语补足语）
5. waiting（现在分词作宾语补足语，students 与 wait 是主动关系）
6. broken（过去分词作定语，window 与 break 是被动关系）
7. hidden（过去分词作宾语补足语，child 与 hide 是被动关系）
8. written（过去分词作定语，report 与 write 是被动关系）
9. running（现在分词作宾语补足语，machines 与 run 是主动关系）
10. injured（过去分词作定语，soldiers 与 injure 是被动关系）
（二）提升填空题
1. designed（过去分词短语作定语，project 与 design 是被动关系）
2. checked（过去分词作宾语补足语，documents 与 check 是被动关系）
3. excited（过去分词作定语，crowd 与 excite 是被动关系，表“感到兴奋的”）
4. translated（过去分词短语作定语，novel 与 translate 是被动关系）
5. signed（过去分词作宾语补足语，contract 与 sign 是被动关系）
6. fallen（过去分词作定语，不及物动词，表动作已经完成）
7. being helped（现在分词被动式作宾语补足语，man 与 help 是被动关系，表“正在被帮助”）
8. given（过去分词短语作定语，lecture 与 give 是被动关系）
9. fixed（过去分词作宾语补足语，eyes 与 fix 是被动关系，“眼睛盯着”）
10. surprising（现在分词作定语，news 与 surprise 是主动关系，表“令人惊讶的”）
（三）翻译题
1. Have you read the best-selling book written by a young writer
2. Do they want these problems discussed at the meeting
3. What makes you so confused
4. We saw the abandoned baby being taken care of by a kind woman.
5. The boy injured in the accident was sent to hospital.
（四）高考真题精选
1. polluted
2. lying
3. built
4. boring
5. completed
6. playing
7. damaged
8. repaired
9. interesting
10. cleaned
目标导航
知识精炼
基础过关
能力提升
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）

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