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八年级英语下册Unit4词汇讲义
一、单词分类（Word Classification）
1. 名词（Nouns）
单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配
read 读物 ______ a good read / interesting read
fiction 小说 ______ science fiction / fiction writer
non-fiction 非虚构作品 ______ non-fiction book
novel (长篇)小说 ______ best-selling novel / write a novel
stomach 腹部；胃 ______ stomach ache / empty stomach
rope 绳 ______ jump rope / rope ladder
army 军队 ______ join the army / army of volunteers
timetable 时间安排 ______ school timetable / train timetable
summary 总结 ______ write a summary / brief summary
ending 结局 ______ happy ending / story ending
rule 规章 ______ school rules / follow the rules
librarian 图书管理员 ______ ask the librarian / school librarian
publishing house 出版社 ______ work for a publishing house
sale 销售量 ______ sales figures / for sale
copy 一本；复制品 ______ a copy of / copy machine
literature 文学 无 English literature / literature class
must-read 必读的东西 ______ a must-read book
publisher 出版人 ______ major publisher / publishing company
pirate 盗版者 ______ pirate copy / software pirate
reader 读者 ______ young readers / reader's opinion
difficulty 困难 ______ have difficulty / face difficulties
copyright 版权 ______ copyright law / protect copyright
agreement 协议 ______ reach an agreement / sign an agreement
market 市场 ______ market price / job market
journal 日志 ______ keep a journal / academic journal
title 标题 ______ book title / title page
island 岛 ______ desert island / on the island
2. 动词（Verbs）
单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配
crash 撞击 ______ ______ ______ crash into / crash down
continue 继续 ______ ______ ______ continue to do / continue doing
pull 拉 ______ ______ ______ pull out / pull up
discuss 讨论 ______ ______ ______ discuss with / discuss about
advise 建议 ______ ______ ______ advise sb. to do / advise against
describe 描述 ______ ______ ______ describe as / describe in detail
excuse 原谅 ______ ______ ______ excuse me / excuse for
3. 形容词（Adjectives）
单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词
made-up 编造的 —— —— true / real
clear 清楚的 ______ ______ unclear
unwilling 不愿意的 ______ ______ willing
naughty 顽皮的 ______ ______ well-behaved
faraway 遥远的 —— —— nearby
4. 副词（Adverbs）
单词 中文 比较级 用法
either 也 —— 用于否定句句末
straight 径直地 ______ go straight / sit straight
especially 尤其 ______ especially for / especially when
5. 介词（Prepositions）
单词 中文 用法
within ______ within a week / within the city
6. 连词（Conjunctions）
单词 中文 用法
though ______ though + 从句，可与although互换
7. 短语（写出中文）
短语 中文
be tired out ______
fall over ______
break free ______
right away ______
hand in ______
give away ______
first of all ______
check out ______
have difficulty (in) doing sth ______
excuse me ______
at a time ______
二、重点单词用法与固定搭配（填空）
1. either – adv. 也（用于否定句）
- 例句：I don't like coffee, and I don't like tea __________.
- 填空：She can't swim, and I can't __________.
2. continue – v. 继续
- 搭配：continue to do / continue doing
- 例句：After a short break, they continued working.
- 填空：He __________ to talk even when I asked him to stop.
3. pull – v. 拉；拖
- 搭配：pull out 拔出 / pull up 停下
- 例句：She pulled the rope hard.
- 填空：The dentist __________ out my bad tooth yesterday.
4. break free – 挣脱
- 例句：The dog broke free from its leash.
- 填空：The prisoner tried to __________ __________.
5. straight – adv. 径直地
- 例句：Go straight and you'll see the post office.
- 填空：He looked __________ into my eyes.
6. right away – 立即
- 例句：I recognized her right away.
- 填空：If you need help, call me __________ __________.
7. discuss – v. 讨论
- 搭配：discuss with 与…讨论 / discuss about（×）直接接话题
- 例句：We discussed the plan with our teacher.
- 填空：Let's __________ this problem tomorrow.
8. clear – adj. 清楚的；清晰的
- 例句：It was clear that he was lying.
- 填空：Are you __________ about what to do
9. advise – v. 建议
- 搭配：advise sb. to do / advise doing
- 例句：I advise you to see a doctor.
- 填空：The teacher __________ us to read more books.
10. hand in – 提交
- 例句：You must hand in your essay on Friday.
- 填空：Don't forget to __________ your homework tomorrow.
11. summary – n. 总结
- 搭配：write a summary / in summary
- 例句：Write a summary of the story.
- 填空：The __________ of the report is very clear.
12. ending – n. 结局
- 例句：The movie had a happy ending.
- 填空：I didn't like the __________ of the book.
13. give away – 泄露；赠送
- 例句：Don't give away the secret.
- 填空：He __________ all his money to charity.
14. first of all – 首先
- 例句：First of all, let me introduce myself.
- 填空：__________ __________, we need to make a plan.
15. unwilling – adj. 不愿意的
- 搭配：be unwilling to do
- 例句：She was unwilling to accept the offer.
- 填空：He is __________ to help others.
16. copy – n. 一本；复制品
- 例句：I have a copy of that book.
- 填空：Please make a __________ of this document.
17. especially – adv. 尤其
- 例句：I love fruits, especially apples.
- 填空：She is good at languages, __________ English.
18. have difficulty (in) doing – 做某事有困难
- 例句：He had difficulty finding the place.
- 填空：I __________ __________ understanding his accent.
19. at a time – 每次
- 例句：Do one thing at a time.
- 填空：You can borrow two books __________ __________ __________.
20. describe – v. 描述
- 搭配：describe as
- 例句：Can you describe the thief
- 填空：He __________ himself as a painter.
21. though – conj. 尽管
- 例句：Though it was late, we continued working.
- 填空：__________ it was cold, he went swimming.
22. within – prep. 在…之内
- 例句：You must finish the work within a week.
- 填空：Please reply __________ three days.
三、配套练习
练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词
1. This book is a good r__________ for teenagers.
2. I prefer f__________ to non-fiction.
3. He told a m__________-up story to avoid punishment.
4. The car c__________ into a tree.
5. After running 10 km, I was t__________ out.
6. She has a stomach a__________ and can't eat.
7. Be careful, or you'll fall o__________.
8. The meeting will c__________ after lunch.
9. I don't like this film, and I don't like that one e__________.
10. He p__________ the door open.
练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The __________ (end) of the story surprised everyone.
2. You need to write a __________ (summarize) of the chapter.
3. The teacher __________ (advise) us to read more last week.
4. They __________ (discuss) the problem right now.
5. I have difficulty __________ (understand) his accent.
6. She was __________ (willing) to help, but she was too busy.
7. This book is a __________ (must-read) for all students.
8. The __________ (publish) will release the book next month.
9. __________ (first) of all, let's check the timetable.
10. He looked __________ (straight) at me and smiled.
练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式）
| be tired out | fall over | break free | right away | hand in |
| give away | first of all | check out | have difficulty | at a time |
1. After climbing the mountain, I __________.
2. The little boy __________ on the ice and cried.
3. The bird __________ from the cage and flew away.
4. I need to see the doctor __________; it's urgent.
5. Please __________ your homework before Friday.
6. Don't __________ the surprise ending of the movie.
7. __________, let me introduce our guest.
8. You can __________ books from the library for two weeks.
9. She __________ in learning English, but she never gives up.
10. Take two pills __________.
练习四：单项选择
1. The movie had a happy ______. Everyone was pleased.
A. ending B. end C. ended D. ends
2. She can't speak French, and I can't ______.
A. too B. also C. either D. as well
3. Please ______ your essays by Friday.
A. hand in B. hand out C. hand over D. hand down
4. The teacher ______ us to read the book carefully.
A. advised B. suggested C. let D. made
5. We ______ the plan with our teacher yesterday.
A. discussed about B. discussed C. discuss D. have discussed
6. He is ______ to help; he's too busy.
A. willing B. unwilling C. happy D. ready
7. I have difficulty ______ his handwriting.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
8. You can borrow two books ______.
A. at time B. at a time C. in a time D. on time
9. ______ it was raining, they went hiking.
A. Because B. Since C. Though D. As
10. He ______ the rope and pulled it hard.
A. pulled B. pushed C. caught D. held
练习五：翻译句子
1. 这个故事有一个出人意料的结局。
________________________________
2. 他不会弹钢琴，我也不会。
________________________________
3. 请务必按时提交作业。
________________________________
4. 老师建议我们多练习口语。
________________________________
5. 我们正在讨论周末的计划。
________________________________
6. 他很不愿意承认自己的错误。
________________________________
7. 我听懂他的口音有困难。
________________________________
8. 每次只能借两本书。
________________________________
9. 尽管很累，他仍然继续工作。
________________________________
10. 他用力拉绳子。
________________________________
【教师版】（含答案）
一、单词分类（Word Classification）
1. 名词（Nouns）
单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配
read 读物 reads a good read / interesting read
fiction 小说 fictions science fiction / fiction writer
non-fiction 非虚构作品 non-fictions non-fiction book
novel (长篇)小说 novels best-selling novel / write a novel
stomach 腹部；胃 stomachs stomach ache / empty stomach
rope 绳 ropes jump rope / rope ladder
army 军队 armies join the army / army of volunteers
timetable 时间安排 timetables school timetable / train timetable
summary 总结 summaries write a summary / brief summary
ending 结局 endings happy ending / story ending
rule 规章 rules school rules / follow the rules
librarian 图书管理员 librarians ask the librarian / school librarian
publishing house 出版社 publishing houses work for a publishing house
sale 销售量 sales sales figures / for sale
copy 一本；复制品 copies a copy of / copy machine
literature 文学 无 English literature / literature class
must-read 必读的东西 must-reads a must-read book
publisher 出版人 publishers major publisher / publishing company
pirate 盗版者 pirates pirate copy / software pirate
reader 读者 readers young readers / reader's opinion
difficulty 困难 difficulties have difficulty / face difficulties
copyright 版权 copyrights copyright law / protect copyright
agreement 协议 agreements reach an agreement / sign an agreement
market 市场 markets market price / job market
journal 日志 journals keep a journal / academic journal
title 标题 titles book title / title page
island 岛 islands desert island / on the island
2. 动词（Verbs）
单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配
crash 撞击 crashed crashed crashing crash into / crash down
continue 继续 continued continued continuing continue to do / continue doing
pull 拉 pulled pulled pulling pull out / pull up
discuss 讨论 discussed discussed discussing discuss with / discuss about
advise 建议 advised advised advising advise sb. to do / advise against
describe 描述 described described describing describe as / describe in detail
excuse 原谅 excused excused excusing excuse me / excuse for
3. 形容词（Adjectives）
单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词
made-up 编造的 —— —— true / real
clear 清楚的 clearly clearer unclear
unwilling 不愿意的 unwillingly more unwilling willing
naughty 顽皮的 naughtily naughtier well-behaved
faraway 遥远的 —— —— nearby
4. 副词（Adverbs）
单词 中文 比较级 用法
either 也 —— 用于否定句句末
straight 径直地 straighter go straight / sit straight
especially 尤其 more especially especially for / especially when
5. 介词（Prepositions）
单词 中文 用法
within 在…之内 within a week / within the city
6. 连词（Conjunctions）
单词 中文 用法
though 尽管 though + 从句，可与although互换
7. 短语（Phrases）
短语 中文 例句
be tired out 累极了 After the game, I was tired out.
fall over 摔倒 He fell over on the ice.
break free 挣脱 The bird broke free from the cage.
right away 立即 I'll do it right away.
hand in 提交 Please hand in your homework.
give away 泄露 Don't give away the ending.
first of all 首先 First of all, let's introduce ourselves.
check out 借出 You can check out up to five books.
have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 He had difficulty solving the problem.
excuse me 劳驾 Excuse me, where is the library
at a time 每次 Take two pills at a time.
二、重点单词用法与固定搭配（填空）
略
三、配套练习
练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词
答案：1. read 2. fiction 3. made-up 4. crashed 5. tired 6. ache 7. over 8. continue 9. either 10. pulled
练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空
答案：1. ending 2. summary 3. advised 4. are discussing 5. understanding 6. willing 7. must-read 8. publisher 9. First 10. straight
练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式）
答案：1. was tired out 2. fell over 3. broke free 4. right away 5. hand in 6. give away 7. First of all 8. check out 9. has difficulty 10. at a time
练习四：单项选择
答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A
练习五：翻译句子
答案：
1. The story has a surprising ending.
2. He can't play the piano, and I can't either.
3. Please hand in your homework on time.
4. The teacher advised us to practice speaking more.
5. We are discussing the plan for the weekend.
6. He is unwilling to admit his mistake.
7. I have difficulty understanding his accent.
8. You can borrow only two books at a time.
9. Though he was tired, he continued working.
10. He pulled the rope hard.

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