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(共30张PPT)
2. Whose birthday is it
Unit 1
Time to Relax
人教版 英语（八年级下册）
Section A
Grammar Focus
2. Whose birthday is it
01
02
03
学习目标
能够归纳总结动词不定式的基本结构（肯定式：to + 动词原形；否定式：not+to + 动词原形）；明确其语法功能（作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语）和用法特点。掌握带 to 和不带 to 动词不定式的区别，尤其是感官动词和使役动词后接不带 to 不定式的规则。（学习理解）
能在语境中正确运用动词不定式表达目的、愿望、计划等，能准确使用动词不定式完成句子填空和对话练习，能区分不同语境下动词不定式的正确形式。（应用实践）
能在小组活动中，运用动词不定式描述自己的课余活动和个人经历，做到语言准确、表达流畅，通过分享增进同伴间的了解和交流。（迁移创新）
Watch the video
Let’s enjoy a video about your favourite activities in your free-time.
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an objective complement or adverbial.
4a
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice-skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decide to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
做目的状语
做目的状语
做宾补
做宾补
Read the sentenses and tell the difference between two functions.
1
My dad called me to have dinner.
2
My dad told me to have dinner.
我爸爸打电话叫我是为了让我吃饭。
我爸爸告诉我去吃饭。
作状语（表目的）
作宾语补足语
不定式修饰的是整个谓语动作，说明“为什么做”。
不定式跟在宾语后面，说明“宾语做什么”。
动词不定式的用法
一、动词不定式的构成
　动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
Mr Li told me to listen carefully in class.　
李老师要求我上课认真听讲。
Please tell Jim not to come late next time.　
请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。
二、动词不定式的功能
1、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式可以在句中作状语，表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时通常放在句末，用于正式语境或需要强调时，也可以放在句首，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
He came to Beijing to have a meeting.
他来北京开会。
表目的
He is too young to look after himself.
他年龄太小，不能照顾自己。
表结果
To protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use.　
为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料的使用。
表原因
2、动词不定式作宾语补足语
宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分，使宾语的意义更加完整。此时可以是带to的不定式，也可以是不带to的不定式，这主要取决于谓语动词。
①接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有：tell、ask、order、allow、encourage、advise, want, wish, expect 、invite, choose，would like等。
She told me to finish homework first.
她让我先完成作业。
Then he asked me to sit down beside a girl.　
然后他让我坐在一个女孩旁边。
②接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词(see、hear、notice、watch、feel等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)。
I saw Tom play basketball on the playground.
我看见汤姆在操场打篮球。
I saw her get on the bus.
我看见她上了公共汽车。
see
watch
hear
feel
notice
sb.
doing
do
I saw the old man cross the busy street safely with the help of a volunteer.
When I passed the classroom, I saw the students discussing their group project.
强调动作的全过程，或动作是经常性、习惯性的
强调动作正在进行，侧重动作的瞬间
感
官
动
词
③动词help后可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
Can you help me (to) open the door
你能帮我打开门吗？
动词不定式其他用法
3、动词不定式作主语
To learn more about Chinese history is very important.
It is very important to learn more about Chinese history .
To do 作主语时，
为了避免句子的头重脚轻，
常用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语后置。It is + adj.+(for sb) to do sth
To help others brings happiness.
不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。
It takes us an hour get there by bus.
It’s our duty help the poor.
It is a great enjoyment spend our holiday in the mountains.
It + takes（sb.）+ 时间（金钱）+ to do sth
句型 1
句型 2
It is + 名词 + to do sth
to
to
to
不定式（to do）作主语常用句型
It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.
It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.
句型 3
It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth.
句型 4
It is very kind of you to give me some help.
描述人的品质/性格
Miss Wang’s work is to teach math.
The best way to relax is to listen to music.
4、动词不定式作表语
Her goal is to get over her fear of water.
1.用法： 放在系动词（如 be, seem）
之后，用来说明主语的具体内容或目的，常可译为“是…”。
2.结构： 主语（常为抽象名词/代词）
+ be + to do sth.
She likes to play the flute.
She likes to swim.
1.用法： 接在表示
“计划、决定、想要”等动词后，
作该动词的宾语。
2.结构：
decide / want / plan / hope + to do sth.
She likes to try ice skating.
She decided to give it a go.
5、动词不定式作宾语
要求、选择和同意
ask
choose
agree
期望、决定和学习
expect decide learn
宁可、假装和计划
prefer pretend plan
希望、想要和愿意
wish
hope
want
would like
5、动词不定式作宾语
I find it interesting to work with him.
What do you think of our new colleague
it作形式宾语
it作形式宾语
find
think
feel
make
consider
it
adj.
to do sth.
n.
I find (that) it is difficult to lose weight.
= I find it difficult to lose weight.
真正的宾语
Think about how to break down the problem into small parts.
I hope you’ll advise me what to do.
疑问词 + to do 整体相当于名词性结构，可直接作主语、宾语、表语。
5、疑问词+不定式
Practice
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of words in brackets.
_______ (learn) English well is important.
It is imprtant for you _______ (learn) English well.
It’s not polite of him _______ (speak) to old people like that.
I couldn’t afford _____ (buy) a digital camera then.
I find it difficult _______ (read) English stories.
My mother encourages me _______ (think) it over carefully.
I often hear Li Ming _____ (sing) in the evening.
To learn
to learn
to speak
to buy
to read
to think
sing
作主语
作主语
作主语
作宾语
作宾语
作宾补
作宾补
You must help me _______ (do) my housework this afternoon.
He is looking for a room ________ (live) in.
I had something cold _______ (drink).
_____ (be) a good student, one must study hard.
We are sorry _______ (trouble) you.
He is old enough _____ (go) to school.
She is too young _____ (go) to school.
His dream is _____ (be) a doctor like Zhong Nanshan.
(to) do
to drink
To be
to trouble
to go
to go
to be
作宾补
to live
作定语
作定语
作目的状语
作原因状语
作结果状语
作表语
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of words in brackets.
1.A: Thanks for your advice! It made me__________ (decide) to try skiing.
B:You're welcome.Try_________(forget) your fears and have fun!
2.A:My cousin often asks me__________(fly) kites with her when it's windy.
B:That sounds fun! I'd love to watch you_________(fly) kites sometime.
3.A:I love to watch kung fu movies_________(relax).
B:Really When I want___________(relax), I watch animal videos.
4.A: My parents told me ___________(not push) myself too hard.
B:Yes, it's important____________ (not forget) to relax once in a while.
decide
to forget
to fly
fly
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
try to do sth. 尝试做某事
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
watch sb. do sth.看某人做某事
用动词不定式 “to relax”作目的状语
want to do sth. 想要做某事
tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事
“it's + 形容词 + not to do sth.” 是常用结构
plete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _________ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ___________ after that. He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likes ______ at home and ________movies, _________to music, and __________ with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying at home too much. They also wanted us ___________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us ______ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
chat (not) come do listen play spend stay watch
to play
not to come
to stay
watch
listen
chat
to spend
do
用动词不定式 “to play”作目的状语
decide not to do sth.决定不做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
4c. Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
动词不定式
形式：to+动词原形（to有时省略） 否定：not to+动词原形
没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语
概述
用法
作宾语
作宾补
作目的状语
作主语
to 的省略
疑问词+不定式
常用 it 作形式主语
want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn…
it 作形式宾语
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help…
可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾
感官动词 + 使役动词
Summary
I like ______ (read) every day because it helps me ________ (learn) new things.
She encourages me ________ (start) with 10 minutes a day.
Our slogan is: “Read ________ (lead) your mind!”
They ask me ________ (join) their basketball team.
It’s a great way ________ (make) friends and ________ (relax).
I decided ________ (give) it a go after I saw my cousin play.
We remind you ________ (practice) every day if you want ________ (improve).
One of my tips is ________ (ask) a friend ________ (join) you.
The purpose of this activity is _____ (help) you ________ (develop) a new skill.
I encourage everyone ________ (try) something new ________ (have) fun!
to read
to learn
to start
to lead
to join
to make
to relax
to give
to practice
to improve
to ask
to join
to help
(to) develop
to try
to have
用所给词的适当形式填空
Homework
基础作业：根据老师和同学的评价优化课堂的设计活动。
进阶作业：把课堂设计转为海报，并在班级群分享。
拓展作业：以“Be a Fun Time Planner”为主题，完成一份小项目报告，包括：介绍一项你真正想尝试的活动；列出它的3个好处和2个困难；为想尝试的人提供3条实用建议。
2. Whose birthday is it
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for watching!

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