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(共20张PPT)
Section A Grammar Focus 4a—4c
Unit 1
Time to Relax
Objectives
To use infinitives to show purpose or provide more information about a sentence’s object.
Let’s review!
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice-skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
4a
试一试某事
Infinitive 不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的语义特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语，如 to make new friends、to reach the top much faster等。
构成
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语等。
用法
句法作用 例句
作主语 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。
用it作形式主语，
把真正的主语
动词不定式置于句后。
句子的
谓语动词
用单数
句法作用 例句
作宾语 Do you want to visit the Great Wall
你想去参观长城吗？
I like to play badminton in my free time.
我喜欢在空闲时间打羽毛球。
On Saturday, James decided to make fried chicken.
星期六，詹姆斯决定做炸鸡。
常用动词不定式短语
作宾语的动词有：want、love、begin、
need、learn、agree、
decide、hope、start、refuse等。
句法作用 例句
作表语 My dream is to be a scientist.
我的梦想是当一名科学家。
放在
连系动词be
后面
句法作用 例句
作定语 Who was the first one to arrive
谁是第一个到的？
动词不定式
作定语，
要放在它所修饰的
名词或代词后面
句法作用 例句
作宾语补足语 My instructor encouraged me to get back up whenever I fell.
我的教练鼓励我每次跌倒都要站起来。
Dr Cooper asked him to be more careful in future.
库珀博士要他今后更加小心。
My parents told me not to push myself too hard.
我父母告诉我不要把自己逼得太紧。
tell、ask、want、invite
等动词后常跟动词不定式
作宾语补足语。
句法作用 例句
作状语 What other animals can we train to help people 我们还能训练其他什么动物来帮助人？
I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
He is too young to go to school.
他太小了，不能去学校。
在句首或句尾
表示目的
用在too … to … 结构中，
作结果状语
用在作表语的
形容词或过去分词
之后，作原因状语
动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not + 动词不定式”构成。
I would prefer not to talk about it. It’s private.
我不想谈论这件事。这是私密的。
“Try not to make any noise when you eat,” his mother said. “吃东西的时候尽量不要发出声音，”他妈妈说。
This book has taught me not to give up or doubt my self.
这本书教会了我不要放弃或怀疑自己。
“疑问词+不定式” 结构
动词不定式可以和what、which、how、where、when等连用。
He didn’t know what to say to Ella. 他不知道该对艾拉说什么。I have no idea which book to choose from my book report.
我不知道从我的读书报告中选哪本书。
She asked me how to use the washing machine.
她问我如何使用洗衣机。
The tour guide will tell you where to go next.
导游会告诉你下一站去哪里。
不带to的动词不定式
（1）有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to， 这种动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，如see、hear 、watch、feel、notice等；另一类是使役动词，如let、make、have等。
The referee saw Matt push the other player.
裁判看到马特推了另一名球员。
He heard some one walk down the stairway. 他听见有人走下楼梯。
I noticed him take a quick look at his watch.
我注意到他匆匆看了一眼手表。
If you have any questions, please let me know.
如果你有任何问题，请告诉我。
Hobbies can make feel good about yourself.
爱好能让你自我感觉良好。
（2）在固定短语had better之后。had better do sth的否定形式是had better not do sth。
We had better take off our coats. 我们最好把外套脱掉。
You had better not do that. 你最好不要那样做。
（3）动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时，可带to也可不带to。
This charity aims to help people (to) help themselves.
这个慈善机构的宗旨是帮助人们自力更生。
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4b
1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me (decide)
to try skiing.
B: You’re welcome. Try (forget) your fear and
have fun!
2. A: My cousin often asks me (fly) kites with her
when it’s windy.
B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you (fly)
kites sometime.
to forget
to fly
decide
fly
3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies (relax).
B: Really When I want (relax), I watch animal
videos.
4. A: My parents told me (not push) myself too
hard.
B: Yes, it’s important (not forget) to relax
once in a while.
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
push sb to do sth
督促某人做某事
偶尔；间或
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
4c
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided after that. He doesn’t like sport very much! Instead, he likes at home and
movies, to music, and chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us more time together as a family. So, now they let us our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
to stay
watch
not to come
to play
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
listen
to spend
do
chat with sb 与某人闲聊
看起来很像
出外游玩
A review of the infinitive
to加动原，用法很多面，否定not加在前；
名、形、副角色，句中灵活变；
特殊动词省略to，使役感官要记牢。
Do you remember
作主语，表目的
作宾语，常接在动词后
作表语，说明主语是什么
作状语，表原因或结果
作宾补，补充说明宾语动
作定语，后置修饰名词走
一感（feel）二听（listen to、hear）
三让（let、make、have）
四看（look at、see、watch、notice）
宾语补语用原形，
to字一定要甩掉。
但变被动to回来，
这个规则别忘掉。
1. This computer is too expensive for us
(买得起) .
2. Use your head (think) it over.
3. We should learn (respect) each
other’s differences.
4. The teacher encouraged the students
(ask) questions in class.
5. He always does what he can (save)
others.
Let’s do some exercises!
to think
to afford
save
to respect
to ask
Homework
Review the infinitive.
2. Preview the next part.

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