模块6 句子种类和简单句 2026年广东省中考英语一轮大单元主题复习课件(共59张PPT)

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模块6 句子种类和简单句 2026年广东省中考英语一轮大单元主题复习课件(共59张PPT)

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(共59张PPT)
第二部分 语法模块复习
模块6 句子种类和简单句
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中考导航
04
分层优练
03
Section A
02
知识导图
05
SectionB
06
分层优练
考点 2023年~2025年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用) 考查题型 2025年 2024年 2023年
1.六种基本句型(包括存现句) 语法选择 / 1分(There is) /
2.疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句) 回答问题 10分 10分 10分
3.祈使句 / / / /
4.感叹句 语法选择 / / 1分(how)
考情分析 2024年语法选择考了基本句型中的there be句型;2023年2025年回答问题都以特殊疑问句为主(2023年和2025年都分别考查了一个选择疑问句)。感叹句(how/what)一般在语法选择和短文填空中考查。2023年语法选择考查了how感叹句;祈使句有可能在语法选择中考查;There be句型(存现句)可在语法选择中结合时态和单复数考查,也可能在短文填空中考查。 简单句的六种基本句型
基本句型 说明 举例
主+谓(+状语) (SV) 谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 She always smiles.
Mike works in a library.
主+系+表 (SVP) 谓语动词通常是连系动词,这个结构更确切地说叫“主+动+补”,表语实际是主语补足语。 He is a doctor.
Ming feels sad.
主+谓+宾 (SVO) 谓语动词通常是及物动词,后接宾语。此结构的谓语动词叫作“单宾语及物动词”。 We like cartoons.
I had a cold last week.
基本句型 说明 举例
主+谓+间宾+直宾 (SVOO) 这种结构的谓语动词叫作“双宾语及物动词”。 My mother bought me a pen.
The cinema will show us a new movie.
主+谓+宾+宾补 (SVOC) 谓语动词之后必须跟宾语和宾语补足语,这种动词叫作“复杂宾语及物动词”。 You should keep your room tidy.
Dad saw John playing volleyball.
存现句 (there be句型) (2024语法选择考) 表示“某时/处有(存在)某人或某物”。(详见下面的讲解) There is a tree behind the shop.
存现句(there be句型)(2024语法选择考)
1.句型结构
There be句型表示“某时/处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为:There be (is, are, was, were, have/has/had been)+名词+地点或时间状语。如:
There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。
There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。
There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。
2.否定句和一般疑问句结构
(1)否定结构:There be (is, are, was, were, have/has/had been)+not+名词。
也可用“no”来表示,即:There be (is, are, was, were, have/has/had been)+no+名词=There be+not+a/an/any+名词。
注意:
·no+n.(可数名词单数)=not a/an+n.(可数名词单数)
·no+n.(可数名词复数)=not any+n.(可数名词复数)
·no+n.(不可数名词)=not any+n.(不可数名词)
如:
①There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag.
②There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag.
③There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle.
(2)一般疑问句及其回答
一般疑问句结构:Be动词+there+主语…?(难点:句中出现的some要改成any。)
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.
否定回答:No, there isn’t/aren’t.
如:
①There is an apple on the tree.→Is there an apple on the tree?
肯定回答:Yes, there is. 否定回答:No, there isn’t.
②There are five pens on the desk.→Are there five pens on the desk?
肯定回答:Yes, there are. 否定回答:No, there aren’t.
③There is some water in the cup.→Is there any water in the cup?
肯定回答:Yes, there is. 否定回答:No, there isn’t.
3.注意事项
There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
情况 举例
(1)如果句子的主语是单数可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用is或was。 There is a basketball in the box.盒子里有一个篮球。
There is a little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。
(2)如果句子的主语是复数名词,be动词就用are或were。 There are many birds in the tree.树上有许多鸟儿。
There were many people in the street yesterday.
昨天街上有许多人。
(3)如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。 There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
篮子里有一个橘子和一些香蕉。
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
篮子里有一些香蕉和一个橘子。
按要求改写句型。
1.There is a book in the bag.(改为复数句)
There       many       in the bag.
2.Are there forty students in your class?(作肯定回答)
____________________________________________________________
are
books
Yes, there are.
3.There is an old woman in the store.(改为一般疑问句)

4.There are some pens on my desk.(改为否定句)
____________________________________________________________
Is there an old woman in the store?
There aren’t any pens on my desk./There are no pens on my desk.
疑问句
1.一般疑问句
类型 结构 回答 举例
肯定 否定 含be动词的一般疑问句 be动词+主语+表语+其他? Yes,主语+be动词. No,主语+ be动词否 定式.  ①—Is he tall?他高吗? —Yes,he is.是的。
②—Are you going to be a volunteer teacher next month?下个月你打算去支教?
—No,I’m not.不,我不去。
类型 结构 回答 举例
肯定 否定 含实义动词的一般疑问句 助动词+主语+谓语+其他? Yes,主语+助动词. No,主语+ 助动词否 定式.  ①—Does Lily go to school by bike?莉莉骑自行车上学吗?
—Yes,she does.是的。
②—Have you ever been to Beijing?你去过北京吗?
—No,I haven’t.不,我没去过。
含情态动词的一般疑问句 情态动词+主语+谓语+其他? Yes,主语+情态动词. No,主语+情态动词否定式. —Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?
—Yes,I can./No,I can’t.是的,我会。/不,我不会。
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句。它不用yes或no来回答,而应该根据实际情况用较为完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑问词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,why,how以及how引出的词组how many,how long,how often,how soon,how far等。中考题型“回答问题”的5个问句以特殊疑问句为主,同学们要熟练掌握每个特殊疑问句的用法及答语的表达方式。(说明:关于特殊疑问句的用法和回答的详细讲解请参见本书赠送的《中考解题技巧 周末题组特训》。)
3.选择疑问句
在句中提供两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的问句叫做选择疑问句。回答时选什么答什么。在口语中,选择疑问句的语调应是or前用升调↗,or后用降调↘。如:
—Is it by the father or the son?这是父亲写的还是儿子写的?
—By the father.父亲写的。
—Would you like coffee,tea or soda?你想喝咖啡、茶还是苏打水?
—Tea, please.茶,谢谢。
—Did you come here by bus or by car?你是坐公共汽车还是开车过来的?
—By bus.坐公共汽车。
按要求改写句型。
1.Last weekend,Judy went to the zoo with her friends.(根据画线部分提问)

2.He plays football twice a week with his classmates.(根据画线部分提问)

Who/Whom did Judy go to the zoo with last weekend?
How often does he play football with his classmates?
3.How will we work with AI technology?(learn to use it)
根据提示回答问题:____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ 
4.Why did the trees on the streets fall down?(typhoon)
根据提示回答问题:____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ 
5.What color is your cup?(red,green)
根据提示改成选择疑问句:_____________________________________ 
By learning to use it./We will work with AI technology by learning to use it.
Because of the typhoon./The trees on the streets fell down because of the typhoon.
What color is your cup, red or green?
祈使句
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令,朗读时用降调。祈使句对象(即主语)是第二人称时,主语通常都省略。
巧学妙记
祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;
动词原形谓语当,句首加don’t否定变;
朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。
按要求改写句型。
1.Don’t talk here.(改为同义句)________________________________ 
2.me,please,truth,the,tell(.)(连词成句)
______________________________________________________________
3.Let the girl have a try.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________________________
No talking!
Please tell me the truth./Tell me the truth, please.
Don’t let the girl have a try./Let the girl not have a try.
一、语法选择基础练(单项填空)
(  )1.     a shopping mall near Peter’s home.
A.There is      B.It is      C.They are
(  )2.“Li Ming, ____________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes,” said his mum.
A.does B.did C.do
A
C
(  )3.Look! There     some information about traffic rules in this book.
A.is B.are C.was
(  )4.Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in structure?
A.We call her Ms Liu. 
B.He likes playing the piano.
C.You have a very nice sister.
A
A
(  )5.     go swimming on your way home.It’s really dangerous.
A.Shouldn’t B.Don’t C.Doesn’t
B
二、回答问题基础练(根据提示回答问题)
1.How long do you do homework?(two hours)

2.Where does Sam work?(hospital)

3.Which do you like, coffee or tea?(tea)

I do homework for two hours.
Sam works in a hospital.
I like tea.
4.When will he arrive?(next month)

5.How much did they sell this skirt?(sixteen yuan)

He will arrive next month.
They sold this skirt for sixteen yuan.
三、语法选择
At school, students pass their school work through different hands, from their group leader to the subject leader, and finally to the teacher.It might not sound too 1 , but sometimes it can go wrong and take much time.To help with this problem, Zhang Xirui from Shenzhen came up with  2  useful tool—a smart homework collecting robot.
(  )1.A.difficult B.difficultly C.difficulty
(  )2.A.a B.an C.the
A
A
The robot is made of a reader and a special tag (标签) that can communicate without  3  each other.It can help find and know  4  it is looking for. 5  a special tag on each student’s notebook too.
(  )3.A.touch B.to touch C.touching
(  )4.A.that B.which C.what
(  )5.A.It is B.There has C.There is
C
C
C
It has his or her name and subject on it.Students only need to place  6  notebooks on the robot.The machine “sees” the notebook, reads its tag and  7  it out of the name list.Teachers can connect their phones with the robot  8  Wi-Fi to find out if someone hasn’t handed in his or her homework.
(  )6.A.they B.them C.their
(  )7.A.take B.takes C.took
(  )8.A.in B.under C.through
C
B
C
The robot is Zhang’s second model.Now he’s planning to make a third one.He hopes to develop this robot so that it  9  read lots of tags from far away.That means if a special tag  10  on your notebook, the robot can read the information from many notebooks at once.
(  )9.A.need B.can   C.must
(  )10.A.put B.is put C.was put
B
B
感叹句(2023语法选择考)
感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。感叹句一般由what或how开头。what用来强调名词,how则强调形容词、副词或动词。
1.感叹句的基本句型
(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!
What cold weather it is!多冷的天气啊!
What beautiful flowers they are!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!
在感叹句中,what a/an常用来修饰单数可数名词,若该名词前面的形容词为元音音素开头,则用what an。what用来修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。但有些不可数名词(rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等)前面有形容词修饰,从而使抽象名词具体化时,则要用what a/an。
(2)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
How kind you are!你心肠真好!
How fast they are working!他们的工作速度真快啊!
how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句,由“How+主语+谓语!”构成。如:
How time flies!光阴似箭!(how 修饰动词)
2.选用what和how的高效方法
判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how,先把主谓和其他部分去掉,如果最后一个词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。若没有主谓则根据句末一词来定。句末一词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。如:
What a smart man he is! (主谓是he is,把它们去掉,最后一词是man,名词,故用what)
他是多么聪明的一个人啊!
How excellent he is!(主谓是he is,把它们去掉,最后一词是excellent,形容词,故用how)
他多么优秀啊!
What exciting news! (本句没有主谓,最后一词是news,名词,故用what)
多么令人兴奋的消息啊!
单项填空。
(  )1.     meaningful day!We volunteered to clean up our city park.
A.How B.What C.What a
(  )2.—Hi,guys!Our team won the first place in the table tennis match.
—     exciting news it is!We are so happy about it.
A.What B.How C.What an
C
A
(  )3.     helpful the speech is!It tells us to use the Internet safely.
A.What B.What a C.How
C
【写作句式升格训练】把下列句子升格为感叹句。
4.The boys run so quickly.

5.It’s a fantastic song.
              the song is!
              song it is!
How quickly the boys run!
How fantastic
What a fantastic
主谓一致(课标新增)
  主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系,这种一致关系常由三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.语法一致
主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
考点 举例
(1)由and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(若连接的是不可数名词,谓语动词也用复数形式)。 Tom and Mike are good friends.
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
(2)用one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither等+of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Every one of the students is studying hard.
每个学生都在用功读书。
考点 举例
(3)不定代词either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Is there anything wrong with your bike?
你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
(4)不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。 To teach is to learn.教学相长。
(5)在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致: A+with/besides/but/except/as well as/including/rather than/like+B+谓语动词+… The boy with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母每周去一次博物馆。
考点 举例
(6)由“some(of)/plenty of /a lot of /lots of /most(of)/the rest(of)/all(of)/half(of)/分数或百分数+名词”等短语作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果所修饰的是可数名词的复数,则谓语动词用复数;如果所修饰的是不可数名词或可数名词的单数,则谓语动词用单数。 Most of the students in our class were for the plan.
我们班多数学生赞成这个计划。
(7)“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A number of trees were cut down.
许多树木被砍伐了。
The number of students in our class is 32.
我们班的学生人数是32。
考点 举例
(8)none作主语指代不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;指代可数名词时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。 —Is there any milk in the cup?杯子里有牛奶吗?
—No,there is none.没有,一点也没有。
None of them has/have arrived.
他们当中还没有人到达。
(9) 表示成双成套的名词,如:trousers,shoes,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 My glasses were broken.我的眼镜坏了。
注意:如果这类词被a pair/two pairs修饰,谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。 This pair of compasses is made in Beijing.
这副圆规是在北京制造的。
Five pairs of shoes have been sold in the morning.
早晨已卖出去5双鞋。
考点 举例
(10)由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”或“名词+of this kind”,以及由与kind意义相似的type,sort等词构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。 A kind of birds has been discovered by them.
一种鸟类已被他们发现。
2.意义一致
考点 举例
(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时,谓语用单数。 Two years is quite a long time.
两年是相当长的一段时间。
(2)集体名词作主语时,若作为一个整体来看待,谓语动词用单数;若强调整体中的每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。通常有这几个名词:family,class,team,group等。 His family isn’t very large.他家成员不多。
考点 举例
(3)表示学科的以s结尾的名词,如:physics,politics,maths,或不可数名词news,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 The news makes us happy.这消息让我们很高兴。
(4)police等表示“总称”的名词作主语时,是复数概念,谓语动词用复数,常见的有:people,police,cattle等。 The police are running after a thief.
警察正在追赶一个小偷。
(5)“the+形容词”作主语,表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数;表示“一类事物”时谓语动词用单数。 The poor were not able to buy it.穷人买不起这个。
The beautiful is not the useful.好看的不一定实用。
3.就近原则
考点 举例
(1)由or,not,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…连接的并列结构作主语,其后的谓语动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。 Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.蒂娜或卡罗尔肯定知道答案。
Not only my father but also their fathers are coming.不但我的父亲会来,他们的父亲也会来。
Neither Jane nor I am going.简和我都不去。
(2)there be+并列主语结构中,be动词与邻近的主语保持一致。 There is an apple and two oranges on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两个橙子。
(  )1.Neither Saturday nor Sunday     OK because I will be quite busy these two days.
A.are B.is C.am
(  )2.—Using public chopsticks     necessary when eating with others.
—That’s right.
A.is B.are C.was
B
A
(  )3.In our school library,there     a number of books on art.The number of the books     still growing larger and larger.
A.is;is B.are;is C.is;are
(  )4.Everyone     here.Let’s go.
A.am B.are C.is
B
C
一、语法选择基础练(单项填空)
(  )1.—     wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves!
—I’m glad you had a good time.
A.What B.How C.What a
(  )2.—Li Lei won the first place.     good news it is!
—Yes, we’re all happy for him.
A.How B.What a C.What
C
C
(  )3.—Look! The students are learning paper cutting in the club.
—Wow!     interesting it is.
A.What B.How C.What an
(  )4.Having good manners     necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A.are B.is C.was
B
B
(  )5.—     fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic.
—Exactly.I simply can’t wait!
A.How B.What C.What a
B
二、语法选择
Friday 10 October
It’s a sunny and pleasant day.While I  1  my room this morning, I found an old photo in a notebook. 2  I was looking at it, the lovely memory of that day came back to me.
(  )1.A.tidy   B.is tidying   C.was tidying
(  )2.A.Until B.Before C.As
C
C
It was my 3  35th birthday ten years ago.And I decided  4  her with home-made scrambled eggs(炒鸡蛋).I woke up really early and walked to the kitchen  5 .I had never cooked anything before, so I tried to copy  6  she did it.But somehow they ended up burnt.
(  )3.A.mother B.mother’s    C.mothers’
(  )4.A.surprising  B.to surprise    C.surprise
(  )5.A.quiet B.quietly     C.quieter
(  )6.A.why B.when C.how
B
B
B
C
I was about to throw everything away when my mother came in.When the eggs  7  to her, I sadly explained what happened.To my surprise, she tasted them and said they weren’t bad! I guess love is indeed a magical ingredient(成分). 8  last, we took this wonderful photo, laughed and ate them all. 9  happy and unforgettable moment it was!
(  )7.A.showed B.are showed C.were showed
(  )8.A.At B.On C.In
(  )9.A.How B.What       C.What a
C
A
C
This weekend 10  her 45th birthday.I’ll make her scrambled eggs again.This time, they won’t be burnt!
(  )10.A.are B.is C.be
B

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