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八年级英语下册Unit8词汇讲义
一、单词分类（Word Classification）
1. 名词（Nouns）
单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配
soil 土壤 ______ rich soil / soil pollution
chemical 化学制品 ______ harmful chemicals / chemical waste
truck 卡车 ______ drive a truck / truck driver
fuel 燃料 ______ fossil fuel / save fuel
air conditioning 空调系统 ______ turn on the air conditioning
resource 资源 ______ natural resources / water resources
management 管理 ______ waste management / time management
poster 海报 ______ make a poster / put up a poster
gas 气体；汽油 ______ greenhouse gas / gas station
seabird 海鸟 ______ protect seabirds / seabird population
battery 电池 ______ rechargeable battery / battery life
electricity 电 ______ save electricity / generate electricity
2. 动词（Verbs）
单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配
pour 倾倒 ______ ______ ______ pour into / pour out
separate 分开 ______ ______ ______ separate into / separate from
recycle 回收利用 ______ ______ ______ recycle waste / recycle paper
control 控制 ______ ______ ______ control pollution / under control
break 违背；破损 ______ ______ ______ break the law / break down
punish 惩罚 ______ ______ ______ punish sb. for / be punished
fine 处以罚款 ______ ______ ______ fine sb. for / pay a fine
pollute 污染 ______ ______ ______ pollute the environment
affect 影响 ______ ______ ______ be affected by / affect health
3. 形容词（Adjectives）
单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词
unclean 不洁净的 ______ —— clean
eco-friendly 环保的 ______ ______ environmentally unfriendly
strict 严格的 ______ ______ lenient
total 总的 ______ —— partial
single-use 一次性的 —— —— reusable
second-hand 二手的 —— —— new
electronic 电子的 ______ —— non-electronic
4. 副词（Adverbs）
单词 中文 比较级 用法
successfully 有成效地 ______ complete successfully / work successfully
wisely 明智地 ______ use wisely / choose wisely
hardly 几乎不 —— hardly ever / can hardly
5. 短语（写出中文）
短语 中文
separate ... into ______
run out ______
make a difference ______
二、重点单词用法与固定搭配（填空）
1. soil – n. 土壤
- 例句：Plants grow in rich __________.
- 填空：The __________ here is very fertile.
2. chemical – n. 化学制品 adj. 化学的
- 搭配：chemical waste 化学废物 / chemical reaction 化学反应
- 例句：Factories should not dump __________ into rivers.
- 填空：__________ fertilizers are harmful to the environment.
3. truck – n. 卡车
- 例句：A __________ was carrying goods to the city.
- 填空：The __________ driver stopped for a rest.
4. unclean – adj. 不洁净的
- 反义词：clean
- 例句：The water is __________ and cannot be drunk.
- 填空：__________ air causes health problems.
5. fuel – n. 燃料
- 搭配：fossil fuel 化石燃料 / save fuel 节约燃料
- 例句：Cars need __________ to run.
- 填空：We should use less __________ to protect the environment.
6. pour – v. 倾倒；倾泻
- 搭配：pour into 倒入 / pour out 倒出
- 例句：Don't __________ oil down the sink.
- 填空：She __________ the milk into the glass.
7. air conditioning – n. 空调系统
- 例句：Turn on the __________; it's too hot.
- 填空：We use __________ in summer to keep cool.
8. eco-friendly – adj. 环保的
- 例句：We should use __________ products.
- 填空：__________ bags are better than plastic ones.
9. separate – v. 分开；区分
- 搭配：separate ... into 把……分成 / separate from 与……分开
- 例句：Please __________ the recyclables from the trash.
- 填空：We need to __________ waste into different categories.
10. recycle – v. 回收利用
- 例句：We should __________ paper and plastic.
- 填空：__________ is important for protecting the environment.
11. level – n. 标准；水平
- 例句：The water __________ is rising.
- 填空：We need to improve our service __________.
12. successfully – adv. 有成效地
- 例句：They __________ completed the project.
- 填空：The mission was carried out __________.
13. total – adj. 总的
- 例句：The __________ cost was very high.
- 填空：The __________ number of students is 500.
14. strict – adj. 严格的
- 搭配：be strict with sb. 对某人严格 / be strict about sth. 对某事严格
- 例句：Our teacher is very __________ with us.
- 填空：There are __________ rules against pollution.
15. control – v. & n. 控制
- 搭配：under control 在控制中 / out of control 失控
- 例句：We must __________ pollution.
- 填空：The fire was finally brought under __________.
16. break – v. 违背；破损
- 搭配：break the law 违法 / break down 出故障
- 例句：Don't __________ the rules.
- 填空：If you __________ the law, you will be punished.
17. punish – v. 惩罚
- 搭配：punish sb. for sth. 因某事惩罚某人
- 例句：They will __________ him for stealing.
- 填空：Students who cheat will be __________.
18. fine – v. 处以罚款 n. 罚款
- 搭配：fine sb. for sth. 因某事罚款某人 / pay a fine 交罚款
- 例句：The driver was __________ for speeding.
- 填空：If you litter, you may have to pay a __________.
19. resource – n. 资源
- 例句：Water is an important natural __________.
- 填空：We should use our __________ wisely.
20. wisely – adv. 明智地
- 例句：Use your time __________.
- 填空：We must use natural resources __________.
21. run out – 用完，耗尽
- 搭配：run out of sth. 用完某物
- 例句：We have __________ of water.
- 填空：Time is __________.
22. make a difference – 有作用，有影响
- 例句：Every small action can __________.
- 填空：Don't think you can't __________; even a little helps.
23. management – n. 管理
- 例句：Good waste __________ is important.
- 填空：He studied business __________.
24. poster – n. 海报
- 例句：They put up a __________ about the event.
- 填空：We designed a __________ for the campaign.
25. pollute – v. 污染
- 例句：Factories __________ the air and water.
- 填空：Don't __________ the environment.
26. affect – v. 影响
- 例句：Pollution __________ our health.
- 填空：The change in climate __________ agriculture.
27. gas – n. 气体；汽油
- 搭配：greenhouse gas 温室气体 / gas station 加油站
- 例句：Cars release harmful __________.
- 填空：We need to stop at a __________ station.
28. seabird – n. 海鸟
- 例句：Oil spills kill many __________.
- 填空：__________ are affected by ocean pollution.
29. hardly – adv. 几乎不
- 例句：I can __________ believe it.
- 填空：There is __________ any water left.
30. single-use – adj. 一次性的
- 例句：We should avoid __________ plastic bags.
- 填空：__________ products are bad for the environment.
31. second-hand – adj. 二手的
- 例句：I bought a __________ car.
- 填空：__________ books are cheaper.
32. battery – n. 电池
- 例句：This toy needs two __________.
- 填空：Don't throw __________ in the trash; recycle them.
33. electronic – adj. 电子的
- 例句：__________ devices use a lot of energy.
- 填空：We should recycle __________ waste properly.
34. electricity – n. 电
- 例句：Save __________ by turning off lights.
- 填空：We use __________ for heating and lighting.
三、配套练习
练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词
1. Plants grow in rich s__________.
2. Don't p__________ oil down the sink.
3. We should r__________ paper and plastic.
4. The teacher is very s__________ with us.
5. If you break the law, you will be p__________.
6. He was f__________ for speeding.
7. Water is an important natural r__________.
8. We have r__________ out of time.
9. Every small action can make a d__________.
10. Factories p__________ the air and water.
练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. __________ (chemical) waste is harmful to the environment.
2. We need to use resources __________ (wise).
3. The project was completed __________ (successful).
4. The __________ (total) cost was very high.
5. She bought a __________ (second-hand) car.
6. __________ (electricity) devices need power.
7. There is __________ (hard) any water left.
8. __________ (single-use) plastic bags are bad for the environment.
9. The __________ (manage) of waste is very important.
10. The __________ (pollute) of rivers is a serious problem.
练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式）
| separate...into | run out of | make a difference | be strict with | pay a fine |
| under control | break the law | affect health | pour...into | recycle waste |
1. Please __________ the recyclables __________ different bins.
2. We have __________ water. We need to buy some.
3. Every little effort can __________.
4. Our teacher __________ us.
5. If you litter, you may have to __________.
6. The fire is now __________.
7. If you __________, you will be punished.
8. Air pollution can __________.
9. Don't __________ oil __________ the sink.
10. We should __________ to protect the environment.
练习四：单项选择
1. Plants need rich ______ to grow well.
A. soil B. water C. air D. sun
2. Don't ______ waste into the river.
A. pour B. put C. take D. bring
3. We should ______ paper and plastic to protect the environment.
A. recycle B. reuse C. reduce D. repeat
4. Our teacher is very ______ with us.
A. strict B. kind C. friendly D. nice
5. If you ______ the law, you will be punished.
A. break B. make C. do D. take
6. He was ______ for driving too fast.
A. fined B. punished C. caught D. stopped
7. Water is an important natural ______.
A. resource B. source C. material D. product
8. We have ______ of time. We need to hurry.
A. run out B. run over C. run down D. run away
9. Every small action can ______.
A. make a difference B. make a decision C. make a plan D. make a mistake
10. Air pollution can ______ our health.
A. affect B. effect C. infect D. perfect
练习五：翻译句子
1. 植物在肥沃的土壤中生长。
________________________________
2. 不要把油倒进水槽。
________________________________
3. 我们应该回收纸张和塑料。
________________________________
4. 我们的老师对我们很严格。
________________________________
5. 如果你违法，你会受到惩罚。
________________________________
6. 他因超速被罚款。
________________________________
7. 水是重要的自然资源。
________________________________
8. 我们的时间用完了。
________________________________
9. 每一个小小的行动都能产生影响。
________________________________
10. 空气污染影响我们的健康。
________________________________
【教师版】（含答案）
一、单词分类（Word Classification）
1. 名词（Nouns）
单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配
soil 土壤 soils rich soil / soil pollution
chemical 化学制品 chemicals harmful chemicals / chemical waste
truck 卡车 trucks drive a truck / truck driver
fuel 燃料 fuels fossil fuel / save fuel
air conditioning 空调系统 —— turn on the air conditioning
resource 资源 resources natural resources / water resources
management 管理 —— waste management / time management
poster 海报 posters make a poster / put up a poster
gas 气体；汽油 gases greenhouse gas / gas station
seabird 海鸟 seabirds protect seabirds / seabird population
battery 电池 batteries rechargeable battery / battery life
electricity 电 —— save electricity / generate electricity
2. 动词（Verbs）
单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配
pour 倾倒 poured poured pouring pour into / pour out
separate 分开 separated separated separating separate into / separate from
recycle 回收利用 recycled recycled recycling recycle waste / recycle paper
control 控制 controlled controlled controlling control pollution / under control
break 违背；破损 broke broken breaking break the law / break down
punish 惩罚 punished punished punishing punish sb. for / be punished
fine 处以罚款 fined fined fining fine sb. for / pay a fine
pollute 污染 polluted polluted polluting pollute the environment
affect 影响 affected affected affecting be affected by / affect health
3. 形容词（Adjectives）
单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词
unclean 不洁净的 uncleanly —— clean
eco-friendly 环保的 eco-friendlily more eco-friendly environmentally unfriendly
strict 严格的 strictly stricter lenient
total 总的 totally —— partial
single-use 一次性的 —— —— reusable
second-hand 二手的 —— —— new
electronic 电子的 electronically —— non-electronic
4. 副词（Adverbs）
单词 中文 比较级 用法
successfully 有成效地 more successfully complete successfully / work successfully
wisely 明智地 more wisely use wisely / choose wisely
hardly 几乎不 —— hardly ever / can hardly
5. 短语（Phrases）
短语 中文 例句
separate ... into 把……分成 Please separate the waste into different bins.
run out 用完，耗尽 We have run out of water.
make a difference 有作用，有影响 Every small action can make a difference.
二、重点单词用法与固定搭配（填空）
略
三、配套练习
练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词
答案：1. soil 2. pour 3. recycle 4. strict 5. punished 6. fined 7. resource 8. run 9. difference 10. pollute
练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空
答案：1. Chemical 2. wisely 3. successfully 4. total 5. second-hand 6. Electronic 7. hardly 8. Single-use 9. management 10. pollution
练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式）
答案：1. separate, into 2. run out of 3. make a difference 4. is strict with 5. pay a fine 6. under control 7. break the law 8. affect health 9. pour, into 10. recycle waste
练习四：单项选择
答案：1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A
练习五：翻译句子
答案：
1. Plants grow in rich soil.
2. Don't pour oil down the sink.
3. We should recycle paper and plastic.
4. Our teacher is very strict with us.
5. If you break the law, you will be punished.
6. He was fined for speeding.
7. Water is an important natural resource.
8. We have run out of time.
9. Every small action can make a difference.
10. Air pollution affects our health.

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