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/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
2025 - 2026学年八年级英语下册单元综合素养培优卷沪教版(2024)
Unit 7 Space exploration
注意事项
1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在指定区域，答在非答题区无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：60分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1． Many patients can't ____ to see a doctor, so we need to give a helping hand.
A．excuse B．afford C．finish D．freeze
2．—Why don't you buy the bike, Mary
— It's too expensive. I can't it.
A．sell B．lend C．keep D．afford
3． In order to keep fit, we should ____ to healthy eating habits.
A．keep B．stay C．stick D．take
4． —What do you think of the newest 5G mobile phone
—I really like it, but I can't____ it.
A．stand B．afford C．spend D．refuse
5． —You Only Live Once《热辣滚烫》became a ____all over China.
—I agree. Millions of people have seen it.
A．heat B．hit C．recorder D．fame
6．They walked home last night because they couldn't____ to take a taxi.
A．leave B．buy C．afford D．allow
7．—What is happening here
—Some pieces of glass ____________me and ____________my arms just now.
A．hit; hurt B．hitted; hurted C．hit; hurted D．hitted; hurt
8．—Will you buy the house with a garden
—No, I won't. It's so expensive that I can't it.
A．sell B．afford C．win D．reach
9．If you got _____ on the head, you should go to the hospital and get an X-ray.
A．nosebleed B．a nosebleed C．hit D．a hit
10．The car is too expensive. I can't it.
A．afford B．afford to C．afraid D．bought
11．It's warm inside. Why not your coat
A．take away B．take up C．take down D．take off
12．It is foggy(多雾的) today. The plane can't .
A．land B．landed C．take off D．taking off
13．—Good news! Car prices are dropping these days.
—Really Maybe I can ________ one soon.
A．expect B．offer C．afford D．receive
14．To make the children keep quiet, Mrs. Miller ________ them some candy.
A．served B．filled C．described D．poured
15．—Have you checked the weather in Wuhan recently It's so strange!
—Yeah. It's hard to believe that in early spring, the temperature nearly ________ 27℃!
A．changes B．rises C．climbs D．hits
二、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
Believe it or not, the day when you can go to the Moon to take a trip is coming soon. You can go into space by space shuttle (航天飞机). It 16 about three days for the shuttle to travel from the Earth to the Moon. The shuttle flies a long 17 to a space station. You can stay there for a short rest and then it will 18 you to the Moon.
Now you can jump out of the shuttle. You mustn’t 19 your spacesuit (宇航服), because it is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night on the Moon. As the Moon is much smaller than the Earth, things there are 20 than they are on the Earth. You can jump high every time you take a step and you will 21 that it is never tiring to walk on the Moon. You may even feel 22 as if you’re flying in the sky.
The Moon moves more 23 than the Earth, so one day on the Moon is as long as about 27 days on the Earth. What could you do in such 24 days and nights and in a silent world You can take photos of the beautiful stars and the faraway Earth, but you can’t hear any sounds because there is no air to 25 sound. It never rains on the Moon and everything on the Moon is 26 . There are no trees or other living things of any kind. The ground is covered with soft dust (灰尘) that feels 27 under your feet.
There is nothing to do there for fun. The Earth is a better 28 to live on with its blue sky, green trees and lovely animals. But scientists are trying to make the best use of the Moon. They hope to build a(n) 29 station there in the future, so more people can visit the Moon and learn about it. For now, this wonderful trip is just a dream for many, but who knows With the development of science and technology, it may 30 true sooner than we think.
16．A．includes B．saves C．takes D．spends
17．A．way B．experience C．land D．journey
18．A．put B．send C．show D．carry
19．A．get off B．take off C．turn off D．put off
20．A．stronger B．heavier C．lighter D．smaller
21．A．find B．worry C．hope D．believe
22．A．angry B．happy C．nervous D．sleepy
23．A．quickly B．carefully C．slowly D．nearly
24．A．hard B．long C．lonely D．busy
25．A．stop B．carry C．hide D．break
26．A．dry B．dirty C．alive D．empty
27．A．soft B．hard C．cold D．hot
28．A．place B．building C．garden D．home
29．A．sports B．science C．music D．art
30．A．come B．go C．turn D．keep
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
（A）
You know that dust storms (沙尘暴) happen on Earth. But do you know they can happen on Mars, too Now, Chinese scientists have a powerful new tool called the GoMars model. It can simulate (模拟) the dust cycle on the Red Planet just like a computer.
According to Xinhua News, Mars is like Earth’s close “sister” planet. Studying it could tell us about how life began, and one day, it might even become a future home for human beings. However, we still don’t know much about the weather on Mars, especially its dust cycle. This cycle is very complicated (复杂的) because it is about the dust, the thin air, and wind on the ground all working together. Big dust storms can cover the sky, making it hard for rovers (探测器) to work and making challenges for future space tasks.______
The GoMars model first came out in 2023. It’s very powerful because it can simulate the movement of not just dust, but also water and carbon dioxide (CO ) on Mars. In a new study, scientists used it to study how dust moves over a very long time—more than 100 years. The model also made an interesting discovery: dust activity on Mars is the strongest between 12 p.m. and 1 p.m. local time.
This research is very important. It helps scientists understand real-time weather on Mars, almost like having a weather forecast (预报) for another planet. In the future, when taikonauts land on Mars, this knowledge will help them pick safer times and places to explore, getting us ready to learn more about our “red neighbor”.
31．How does the writer start the passage
A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example.
C．By asking a question. D．By expressing feelings.
32．What can the GoMars model do
A．Stop dust storms on Mars.
B．Bring water and CO to Mars.
C．Help taikonauts land on Mars tomorrow.
D．Simulate the movement of dust, water and CO on Mars.
33．Which sentence can best fill in ________
A．Besides, Mars is very cold at night.
B．That’s why we need good tools to study them.
C．However, Mars is very far from Earth.
D．As a result, scientists want to live on Mars soon.
34．According to the text, when is dust activity the strongest on Mars
A．In the evening.
B．Between 12 p. m. and 1 p. m. local time.
C．Between 12 a. m. and 1 a. m. local time.
D．Scientists are still not sure.
35．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．A New Tool for Studying Mars’ Dust Storms
B．Creative Weather Forecasts on Earth
C．How to Become a Spaceman on Mars
D．Water and CO on Our Neighbor Planet
（B）
A great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the Moon. It could change how we think about living on the Moon in the future! They wrote about their discovery in a science magazine called The Innovation. Their discovery indicates that by using lunar soil, scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon.
In the past, it was shown that there might be ice at the Moon’s north and south poles (南北极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar soil-only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent. As a result, it is hard to find and use water there. Humans may have a difficult time living on the Moon.
The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the Moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spaceship. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (熔化) when it reaches over 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it produces water vapor (蒸汽). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water. So, if we had one ton (吨) of lunar soil, we could get between 51kg and 76kg of water. That’s enough to give drinking water to 50 people for one day!
All in all, this research opens up new possibilities (可能性) for finding water on the Moon. It’s important for future trips to the Moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about ways to make water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of living on the Moon. This discovery could help make that dream come true!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
36．What does the underlined word “indicates” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Disagrees. B．Worries. C．Regrets. D．Shows.
37．Why does the writer mention the earlier research in Paragraph 2
A．To show that it was totally wrong.
B．To compare it with the new discovery.
C．To prove that there is no running water on the Moon.
D．To explain why people wanted to live on the Moon before.
38．Which condition is needed for lunar soil to produce water vapor according to the passage
A．It needs to be mixed with ice from the Moon’s poles.
B．It needs to be brought back to Earth by a spaceship.
C．It needs to reach a temperature over 1,000℃ and melt.
D．It needs to be kept in a special box for a few days.
39．How much water may scientists get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil
A．约20克。 B．约60克。 C．约100克。 D．约120克。
40．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．It’s possible to get water on the Moon. B．The great success of the Chang’e-5 task.
C．The future life on the Moon. D．There are some creative ways to make water.
（C）
Have you ever dreamed of travelling in space For many kids, staring at the stars leads to daydreams about what it would be like to be an astronaut (宇航员). Just think about how amazing it would be to set foot on the moon or another planet!
Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. Travelling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation.
Once you are in space, nothing can come on board the ship and nothing can go out. You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things “inputs”, including food, water and oxygen. ①Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty Every piece of rubbish you create in space will remain on the ship with you. Your body will also output food and water. Since nothing can leave the spaceship, you will have to think of another way to deal with the bodily waste.
②Even breathing creates an output of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)! It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe. ③If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive. You must also consider another type of output rubbish in the ship after taking the fruit as snacks—the banana peel.
④See how carefully you have to plan for a trip to outer space How can you plan your actions to have the least influence on the environment You have to think about all the things you’ll need, and you will also have to consider the influence of those things because of the waste they may create.
41．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A．It’s challenging to travel in space. B．It’s boring to live on the moon.
C．It’s relaxing to stare at the stars. D．It’s difficult to be an astronaut.
42．What do we know about the input in space
A．It will make astronauts sleepy. B．It only means things to eat and drink.
C．It is quite important to astronauts. D．It can help astronauts deal with rubbish.
43．Which of the following is an “output” according to Paragraph 3
A．Some cookies. B．Food and water. C．Your oxygen mask. D．The empty cookie box.
44．Where should we put the sentence “However, plants have other input needs.” in the passage
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
45．What can be the best title for the passage
A．How to Prepare for a Trip to Outer Space B．The Reasons for the Waste in the Spaceship
C．Differences Between Inputs and Outputs D．Different Ways to Deal with the Waste in Space
第二部分 非选择题（满分：60分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．Tiangong ________ (travel) at about 28,000 kilometers an hour.
47．The ________ (loud) noise woke me up.
48．We ________ (collect) many space photos.
49．He practices ________ (control) the spaceship every day to become an astronaut.
50．Exercise is an important part of our daily ________ (routine).
51．BDS can be used for two-way ________ (通信) in areas without mobile networks.
52．Your phone receives the ________ (信号) and compares it to the time of arrival.
53．BDS is a group of ________ (卫星) in orbit around the Earth.
54．Tianhe was sent into space on 29 April 2021 and arrived at its ________ (目的地).
55．They did different kinds of ________ (实验) and even performed a spacewalk.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大成就。
China ________ ________ great ________ in space exploration.
57．他们成功发射了一颗新的人造卫星。
They ________ ________ ________ a new man-made satellite.
58．我们希望有一天能探索宇宙的未知部分。
We hope ________ ________ the unknown parts of the universe ________ ________.
59．科学家们发现了一颗银河系中的新行星。
Scientists ________ ________ ________ ________ in the Milky Way.
60．这艘宇宙飞船将于下周安全着陆在月球。
The spaceship ________ ________ on the moon ________ next week.
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
要求：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s space programme has made remarkable progress in recent years. One of the 61 (great) achievements is the construction of the Tiangong space station. The name “Tiangong” means “Heavenly Palace” and comes from ancient Chinese legends, 62 shows the rich cultural heritage behind modern science.
The first core module, Tianhe, 63 (send) into space on 29 April 2021. Soon after, astronauts arrived 64 the station and began their work. Life in space is very different from 65 on Earth. Everything floats because there is no gravity. Astronauts have to stick their sleeping bags 66 the wall to stop 67 (float) around.
68 spite of the challenges, astronauts enjoy their life in space. They can see the sun rise 16 times a day and perform spacewalks. Nie Haisheng, one of China’s first astronauts to enter Tiangong, said he was always ready 69 (face) the next challenge.
Besides the space station, China has also developed the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). It can be used for two-way communication, even in areas 70 mobile network is not available. This makes BDS special and useful for people all over the world.
七、材料作文（本大题共25分）
71．李华对太空非常感兴趣，他将要参加学校的太空俱乐部。假如你是李华，给你的笔友Peter写了一封信，介绍俱乐部将要进行的活动。请根据以下内容提示，写一篇英文短文。
要点：
1.在第一节课里将要了解月亮和行星，制作模型空间站；
2.科学老师卢老师已经邀请到了一位著名的科学家；
3.将要了解到最新的太空新闻，例如科学家最近发现了几个行星；
4.这次讲座将在科技楼一楼的科技实验室进行，时间是周四下午五点；
5.内心感到无比兴奋，期盼着这个讲座，并且已经准备了几个问题要问科学家。
要求：
1.字数50-70个单词，开头部分不计入总词数；
2.要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
参考词汇：recently 最近 Science Building 科技楼
Dear Peter,
I am going to join in the school Space Club.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Would you like to join it
Best wishes,
Li Hua
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 单元培优卷 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．B
【解析】句意：很多病人负担不起看医生的费用，所以我们需要伸出援手。 A：excuse（动词 v.），意为 "原谅；宽恕；为…… 辩解" B：afford（动词 v.），意为 "负担得起；买得起；抽得出（时间）" C：finish（动词 v.），意为 "完成；结束" D：freeze（动词 v.），意为 "结冰；冻结；惊呆；冷藏" 。根据后文 "so we need to give a helping hand（所以我们需要伸出援手）" 的因果逻辑，以及固定搭配afford to do sth.（负担得起做某事） 可知，前文表达的是病人无经济能力承担看医生的开销，结合选项的含义和用法，只有 afford 符合语境，故选 B。
【点评】考查动词辨析。注意抓准句间逻辑关系：题干中的连接词（so/but/and/because 等）会提示因果、转折、并列等逻辑，本题 "so" 表因果，由 "伸出援手" 反推前文是 "有困难（负担不起）"，明确逻辑可避免偏离语境。
2．D
【解析】句意：—玛丽，你为什么不买这辆自行车？—它太贵了，我付不起。can't afford sth付不起某物，A. sell 卖；B. lend借出；C. keep 保持；D. afford负的起；结合语境故选D
【点评】考查动词辨析的用法。
3．C
【解析】句意：为了保持健康，我们应该坚持健康的饮食习惯。A.保持；B.保持；C.坚持；D.带走。keep/stay healthy保持健康，固定搭配；stick to sth.坚持......，固定搭配，healthy eating habits指的是sth.，所以用stick，故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析，首先识记单词词义，然后识记固定搭配stick to sth.，理解句意。
4．B
【解析】句意：——你怎么看待最新的5G手机？——我真的很喜欢，但是我买不起。stand站；afford负担得起；spend花费；refuse拒绝。根据"I really like it, but I can't…it."可知，此处指的是"我买不起"，can't afford意为"买不起"。故选B。
【点评】考查动词辨析。熟练掌握动词的意思以及用法区别，分析推断设空处所表示的汉语意思，分析对比选项，确定正确的动词。
5．B
【解析】句意：——《热辣滚烫 》火遍全国。——我同意。数百万人都看过。A. heat - "热"通常指温度或热情，但它不常用来描述电影或作品的流行度。B. hit - "热门作品"或"成功之作"是一个常用的表达，用来描述受到广泛欢迎和成功的电影、歌曲等。C. recorder - "录音机"或"记录器"，与句子内容不符。D. fame - "名声"虽然与作品的成功有关，但它更侧重于作品或人物在社会上的知名度，而不是直接描述作品的流行度。
根据 Millions of people have seen it. 数百万人都看过 ，我们可以推断出这里需要的是一个描述作品流行的词。故选B。
【点评】考查可数名词单数。注意熟记可数名词单数hit - "热门作品"或"成功之作"。
6．C
【解析】句意：昨晚他们步行回家, 因为不能支付坐出租车的费用。"leave"离开"; buy"买"; afford"负担得起"; allow"允许", 根据 They walked home last night，可知他们付不起费用。故选C。
【点评】考查动词辨析。根据上下文的联系确定句子中所缺的成分，根据所给的选项选择正确答案。
7．A
【解析】句意：——这儿正发生什么？——刚才有几块玻璃砸了我，伤了我的胳膊。hit打击，实义动词，过去式是hit；hurt受伤，实义动词，过去式是hurt。由时间状语just now可知，动词的时态用一般过去时。动词hit和hurt的过去式不变。故选A。
【点评】考查一般过去时，首先识记动词过去式，然后识记一般过去时的标志词。
8．B
【解析】句意：——你会买这个有花园的房子吗？——不，不会。它太贵了我买不起。sell 卖出；afford 买得起；win 赢得；reach 到达。根据“expensive”可知，价格昂贵，所以我买不起这个有花园的房子。故选B。
【点评】考查动词辨析。此类题要熟记单词的意思，结合语境抓关键词，就可以得出答案。
9．C
【解析】句意：如果你的头被击中了，你应该去医院做X光检查。根据句意，可知是撞击头部，故排除A和B，hit在这里是名词，击中，命中，表示总体概念，因此不用冠词，故选C。
【点评】考查名词。注意识记hit的用法。
10．A
【解析】句意：这辆车太贵了，我买不起。afford意为“承担，买得起”。bought为buy的过去式。但“can+动词原形”，故排除D项，答案为A。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析。
11．D
【解析】句意：里面很暖和。为什么不脱下你的外套呢 take away意为“拿走”；take up意为“开始从事，占据(时间、地方)”；take down意为“写下，记下”；take off意为“脱下”。故选D。
【点评】考查动词短语辨析。
12．C
【解析】句意：今天多雾，飞机不能起飞。Land着陆。Take off起飞。故答案为C。
【点评】考查动词的形式和句意理解，记住情态动词+动词原形。
13．C
14．A
15．D
16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．B 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了未来可能实现的月球旅行，描述了航天飞机前往月球的过程、月球的环境特点以及科学家对月球开发的展望。
16．句意：航天飞机从地球飞到月球大约需要三天的时间。
includes包含；saves节省；takes花费，主语通常为it；spends花费，主语为人。根据“It...about three days for the shuttle”可知，此句的主语为It，且表示花费三天的时间，所以takes符合语境。故选C。
17．句意：航天飞机飞行很长一段路抵达空间站。
way距离；experience经历；land陆地；journey旅行。根据“The shuttle flies a long...to a space station.”可知，此处表示航天飞机要飞行很长一段距离才能到达空间站。a long way表示“很长的一段距离”。故选A。
18．句意：你可以在那里稍作休息，然后它就会载你去月球。
put放；send发送；show展示；carry携带，搭载。根据“it will...you to the Moon”可知，此处表示航天飞机搭载人去往月球。故选D。
19．句意：你绝不能脱下宇航服，因为月球上白天非常热，而夜晚则极其寒冷。
get off下车；take off脱下；turn off关闭；put off推迟。根据“it is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night on the Moon”可知，后文提到月球昼夜温差大，所以不能脱下宇航服。故选B。
20．句意：由于月球比地球小得多，那里的物体都比地球上轻。
stronger更强的；heavier更重的；lighter更轻的；smaller更小的。根据“You can jump high every time you take a step”可知，后文提到人们可以在月球上跳得高，说明月球重力小，物体更轻。故选C。
21．句意：你每走一步都能跳得很高，你会发现，在月球上行走根本不累。
find发现；worry担心；hope希望；believe相信。根据“it is never tiring to walk on the Moon”可知，此处描述的是根据实际体验发现的事实。故选A。
22．句意：你甚至可能会感到无比快乐，仿佛正在天空中飞翔。
angry愤怒的；happy快乐的；nervous紧张的；sleepy困倦的。根据“as if you’re flying in the sky”可知，在月球行走就像在空中飞行，这会给人带来愉悦感。happy符合语境。故选B。
23．句意：月球比地球移动得更慢，因此月球上的一天相当于地球上的大约27天。
quickly快速地；carefully小心地；slowly缓慢地；nearly几乎。根据“one day on the Moon is as long as about 27 days on the Earth”可知，月球上的一天大约相当于地球上的27天，说明月球自转速度很慢。故选C。
24．句意：在这样漫长的日日夜夜中，在这个寂静的世界里，你能做些什么呢？
hard困难的；long漫长的；lonely孤独的；busy忙碌的。根据“one day on the Moon is as long as about 27 days on the Earth”可知，月球上的一天大约相当于地球上的27天，说明月球上的白天和黑夜很漫长。故选B。
25．句意：你可以拍摄美丽的星星和遥远的地球，但你听不到任何声音，因为没有空气可以传播声音。
stop停止；carry传播；hide隐藏；break打破。根据“there is no air to...sound”可知，月球上没有空气可以传播声音。故选B。
26．句意：月球上从不下雨，月球上一切都是干燥的。
dry干燥的；dirty肮脏的；alive活着的；empty空的。根据“It never rains on the Moon”可知，月球从不下雨，所以月球的环境是干燥的。故选A。
27．句意：地面上覆盖着柔软的灰尘，在你脚下感觉很柔软。
soft柔软的；hard坚硬的；cold寒冷的；hot炎热的。根据“The ground is covered with soft dust (灰尘)”可知，地面上覆盖着柔软的灰尘，所以踩在上面会感觉很柔软。故选A。
28．句意：地球是一个更适合居住的地方，它有蓝天、绿树和可爱的动物。
place地方；building建筑；garden花园；home家。根据“The Earth is a better...to live on”可知，与月球相比，地球是一个更适合居住的地方。故选A。
29．句意：他们希望未来能在那里建立一个科学站，这样更多的人就能参观月球并了解它。
sports体育运动；science科学；music音乐；art艺术。根据“scientists are trying to make the best use of the Moon”可知，科学家们正努力充分利用月球资源，所以他们想要建造的应该是科学站。故选B。
30．句意：随着科学技术的发展，它可能比我们想象的更快实现。
come来；go去；turn转动；keep保持。come true意为“实现”，为固定搭配。故选A。
31．C 32．D 33．B 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了中国科学家研发的GoMars模型，它可以模拟火星上的尘埃循环，帮助人类更好地了解火星天气，为未来的火星探测任务提供支持。
31．细节理解题。根据文章开头“But do you know they can happen on Mars, too ”可知，作者通过提问的方式开启了这篇文章。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s very powerful because it can simulate the movement of not just dust, but also water and carbon dioxide (CO ) on Mars.”可知，GoMars模型可以模拟火星上尘埃、水和二氧化碳的运动。故选D。
33．推理判断题。前文提到“我们对火星的天气，尤其是尘埃循环知之甚少，这给未来的太空任务带来了挑战”，后文则引出了GoMars这一强大工具。因此，此处应填入一个承上启下的句子，说明我们需要好的工具来研究它们。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“dust activity on Mars is the strongest between 12 p.m. and 1 p.m. local time”可知，火星上的尘埃活动在当地时间中午12点到下午1点最为强烈。故选B。
35．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了用于研究火星尘埃风暴的新工具GoMars模型，以及它的重要作用。因此，“A New Tool for Studying Mars’ Dust Storms”（研究火星尘埃风暴的新工具）最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
36．D 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了中国科学家发现利用月球土壤在月球上制造水的新方法，阐述了这一发现对未来月球探索和居住的重要意义。
36．词句猜测题。根据文章第1段“Their discovery indicates that by using lunar soil, scientists can create a lot of water on the Moon.”可知，他们的发现“表明”通过使用月球土壤，科学家可以在月球上制造大量的水。因此，“indicates”在这里表示“表明”的意思。故选D。
37．推理判断题。文章第2段提到过去认为月球两极可能有冰，但月球土壤中水含量极低，难以获取。第3段则介绍了新发现（通过加热土壤产生水）。因此，提及早期研究是为了与新的发现进行对比，突出新方法的突破性。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts when it reaches over 1,000°C. When it begins to melt, it produces water vapor.”可知，月球土壤需要达到1,000°C以上并熔化才能产生水蒸气。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can give us 5.1g to 7.6g of water.”计算可知，1,000g（即1kg）月球土壤可产水51g至76g，大约在60克左右。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。文章围绕中国科学家发现利用月球土壤制造水的方法这一核心展开，阐述了其原理、产水量以及对未来月球探索的意义。因此，文章的主要内容是“在月球上获取水是可能的”。故选A。
41．A 42．C 43．D 44．C 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了太空旅行的挑战，重点讲解了在太空中“输入”（生存必需物资）和“输出”（产生的废弃物）的关系，以及如何为此进行周密的准备。
41．细节理解题。根据“Although it sounds like it would be great fun to travel to outer space, it would be a lot of work too. Travelling to outer space needs lots and lots of preparation.”可知，太空旅行不仅有趣，也充满挑战，需要大量准备工作。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“You must take all you need into outer space to keep yourself alive. Let’s call these things ‘inputs’, including food, water and oxygen.”可知，“输入”是宇航员维持生命的必需品，对他们来说非常重要。故选C。
43．细节理解题。根据“Every input creates an output. If you open a box of cookies for breakfast, what will you do with the box when it’s empty ”可知，吃完饼干后剩下的空盒子就是一种“输出”（产生的废弃物）。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据“It’s true that plants depend on carbon dioxide in the same way humans depend on oxygen to breathe.”和“If you take a banana tree with you, you will need to bring enough water to keep it alive.”可知，第③处前文提到植物依赖二氧化碳，后文紧接着说明需要带足够的水来养活香蕉树，句子However, plants have other input needs.“然而，植物还有其他的输入需求”正好承接了植物有其他需求这一内容，适合放在第③处。故选C。
45．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕太空旅行前的准备展开，重点说明了需要考虑物资的“输入”和“输出”问题，How to Prepare for a Trip to Outer Space“如何为太空旅行做准备”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
46．travels
【解析】句意：天宫号以每小时约28,000公里的速度飞行。本句描述的是客观事实和科学规律，应使用一般现在时。主语“Tiangong”是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词“travel”需要使用第三人称单数形式“travels”。故填travels。
47．loud
【解析】句意：那吵闹的声音把我吵醒了。loud“大声的，吵闹的”，形容词，修饰名词“noise”作定语。故填loud。
48．collect
【解析】句意：我们收集很多太空照片。collect“收集”，句子表示习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语是“We”，动词用原形即可。故填collect。
49．controlling
【解析】句意：他每天练习控制宇宙飞船，以成为一名宇航员。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，固定搭配，故空处需动名词。故填controlling。
50．routine
【解析】句意：锻炼是我们日常生活的重要组成部分。daily是形容词，修饰名词，routine意为“常规、日常生活”，名词。故填routine。
51．communication
【解析】句意：北斗系统可以在没有移动网络的区域用于双向通信。根据汉语提示“通信”可知，communication“通信”，不可数名词，作宾语。故填communication。
52．signal
【解析】句意：你的手机接收信号并将其与到达时间进行比较。根据汉语提示可知，signal“信号”，名词，作动词的宾语，根据下文“it”可知此处用单数形式。故填signal。
53．satellites
【解析】句意：北斗系统是由一组环绕地球轨道运行的卫星组成的。根据汉语提示可知，satellite“卫星”，可数名词，a group of后接复数名词，故填satellites。
54．destination
【解析】句意：2021年4月29日，天和被送入太空并抵达目的地。根据汉语提示可知，可数名词destination“目的地”符合句意，空前有its修饰，应用单数形式。故填destination。
55．experiments
【解析】句意：他们做了不同种类的实验，甚至进行了太空行走。“different kinds of”意为“不同种类的”，后面需要跟可数名词的复数形式。“实验”的英文单词是“experiment”，其复数形式为“experiments”。故填experiments。
56．has made achievements
【解析】此处缺少“取得成就”，英语表达为make achievements，结合语境可知，此处应用现在完成时，结构是have/has+过去分词，主语是China，助动词用has，后接过去分词，故填has；made；achievements。
57．succeeded in launching
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“成功发射了”。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功地做某事”，此处动作已发生，所以使用过去式succeeded；launch“发射”，动词，需使用其动名词形式launching。故填succeeded；in；launching。
58．to explore one day
【解析】根据中英文对比可知，空格处应填入意为“去探索”和“有一天”的单词或短语。explore作动词，意为“探索”，且位于“hope to do”结构中，故explore应用动词原形。one day意为“有一天”，符合句意，故填to；explore；one；day。
59．discovered a new planet
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“发现一颗新行星”。“发现”discover，句子时态是一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，故用过去式；“一颗新行星”a new planet。故填discovered；a；new；planet。
60．will land safely
【解析】根据中英文对比可知，英文句子缺少“将着陆”和“安全地”。land作动词，意为“着陆”，且根据“next week”提示，句子应用一般将来时，采用“will+动词原形”结构，故动词land应用原形。safely作副词，意为“安全地”，在句中修饰动词land。故填will；land；safely。
61．greatest 62．which 63．was sent 64．at 65．that 66．to 67．floating 68．In 69．to face 70．where
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国近年来在航天领域取得的重大成就，同时也展现了中国航天事业背后深厚的文化底蕴和科技实力。
61．句意：最伟大的成就之一是天宫空间站的建造。one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词“最……之一”，因此great需要变为最高级形式。故填greatest。
62．句意：“天宫”这个名字的意思是“天上宫殿”，源自中国古代传说，这展现了现代科学背后丰富的文化遗产。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，用关系代词which。故填which。
63．句意：第一个核心舱“天和”于2021年4月29日被送入太空。根据时间状语 “29 April 2021” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时。又因为 “天和” 核心舱是 “被送入” 太空，所以要用被动语态。主语是单数，用was。故填was sent。
64．句意：不久之后，宇航员抵达空间站并开始工作。arrive at + 小地点；arrive in + 大地点。空间站属于小地点，用at。故填at。
65．句意：太空生活与地球上的生活非常不同。比较结构中用that代替前面出现过的不可数名词life以避免重复。故填that。
66．句意：宇航员必须把睡袋粘在墙上，以防止四处漂浮。stick A to B“把A粘在B上”是固定搭配。故填to。
67．句意：宇航员必须把睡袋粘在墙上，以防止四处漂浮。stop sb. doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。故填floating。
68．句意：尽管面临挑战，宇航员们很享受太空生活。in spite of“尽管”，固定短语。句首首字母需大写。故填In。
69．句意：聂海胜说他随时准备迎接下一个挑战。be ready to do“准备好做某事”。故填to face。
70．句意：它可用于双向通信，即使在没有移动网络的地区也能用。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 “areas”，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
71．范文：
Dear Peter,
I am going to join in the school Space Club.
In the first class, we’ll learn about the moon and planets and make a model space station. Mr. Lu, our science teacher, has invited a famous scientist. We’ll learn the latest space news, like the recent discovery of several planets. The lecture will be in the science lab on the first floor of the Science Building at 5 p.m. on Thursday. I’m really excited and looking forward to it. I’ve prepared some questions to ask the scientist.
I think I can learn a lot from the activities. Would you like to join it
Best wishes,
Li Hua
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇书信作文；
②时态：时态以“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”为主；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生写作时应注意围绕要点内容写，需涵盖题目中给定的5个具体要点，根据实际情况可适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，开头表明要加入学校太空俱乐部；
第二步，依次介绍第一节课程内容、科学家邀请情况、最新太空新闻、讲座时间地点等要点；
第三步，表达自身兴奋期待及准备问题的情况，结尾发出参与邀请。
[亮点词汇]
①join in 参加
②learn about 了解
③on the first floor 在一楼
④look forward to 期待
⑤learn a lot from … 从……学到很多
[高分句型]
①I’ve prepared some questions to ask the scientist. (动词不定式作目的状语)
②I think I can learn a lot from the activities. (含有宾语从句的复合句)
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