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译林版（2024）八年级下册Unit 1 Past and present
现在完成时核心语法总结+专项练习题
现在完成时核心语法总结
1. 定义
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果，或过去开始的动作持续到现在，是过去和现在的时态结合。
2. 基本结构
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词 (done)
否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词？
用法口诀：主语加上have/has，过去分词跟在后，表影响、表持续，标志词来辨清楚。
3. have/has的选择
第一/二人称单复数（I/you/we/they）+ have
第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词）+ has
4. 核心标志词（必考）
（1）表“影响/结果”（动作已完成，强调现在的状态）
already（已经，肯定句）、yet（还/尚未，否定句/疑问句，放句末）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、before（以前）
（2）表“持续”（动作从过去到现在，常接时间段）
for + 时间段（for 3 years/for a month）、since + 时间点/一般过去时句子（since 2020/since he came here）
（3）其他高频标志
so far（到目前为止）、up to now（直到现在）、in the past/last + 时间段（in the past 5 years/last few months）、these days（近来）
5. 两大核心用法
用法1：过去的动作对现在造成的影响/结果
（动作完成，现在能看到/感受到结果，常搭配already/yet/just/ever/never）
例：I have finished my homework. （结果：现在可以玩了）
例：She hasn’t eaten breakfast yet. （结果：现在肚子饿）
用法2：过去开始的动作持续到现在
（动作未结束，还在进行，常搭配for/since，瞬间动词需变延续性动词）
例：He has lived here for 10 years. （从10年前住到现在，还住着）
例：I have known her since 2018. （2018年认识，现在还认识）
注意：大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。
6.不规则动词的过去分词变化： 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下：
现在完成时专项练习题
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. My mother ________ (cook) dinner. We can eat it now.
2. They ________ (not finish) their homework yet. They have to do it now.
3. —________ you ________ (see) the new film —Yes, I have. I saw it yesterday.
4. He ________ (just clean) the classroom. It’s very clean now.
5. I ________ (never be) to the Great Wall before. I want to go there this summer.
6. She ________ (live) in this city since she was five years old.
7. The students ________ (learn) English for more than 3 years.
8. So far, we ________ (make) many new friends in this school.
9. —Where is your father —He ________ (go) to the supermarket.
10. I ________ (know) Li Ming since we were in primary school.
11. The factory ________ (produce) 1000 cars in the past month.
12. She ________ (already drink) a glass of milk. She isn’t thirsty now.
13. They ________ (not visit) the museum yet. Let’s go there together.
14. —________ Tom ________ (finish) his homework —No, he hasn’t. He is still doing it.
15. His mother is a good teacher. She ________ (teach) in this school for ten years.
二、单项选择。
( )1. —How long ________ you ________ this book —For two weeks.
A. have; bought B. have; had C. did; buy D. do; have
( )2. I ________ my pen everywhere, but I can’t find it.
A. have looked for B. looked for C. have found D. found
( )3. —Have you ________ been to Nanjing —No, I have ________ been there.
A. ever; ever B. yet; never C. ever; never D. never; ever
( )4. He ________ here since 2010. He is a good teacher.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work
( )5. —Where is Lucy —She ________ to the library. She will be back in an hour.
A. went B. has gone C. has been D. goes
( )6. It is the third time that I ________ late for school this week.
A. was B. am C. have been D. will be
( )7. My grandfather ________ for 5 years. I miss him very much.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. was dead
( )8. In the past few years, our city ________ a lot of changes.
A. had B. has had C. is having D. have had
( )9. —________ have you studied English —Since I was six years old.
A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How often
( )10. I ________ just ________ my homework. I can watch TV now.
A. have; finish B. has; finished C. have; finished D. did; finish
( )11. They ________ in China for 10 years and they like China very much.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
( )12. —Have you finished your homework ________ —Yes, I have ________ finished it.
A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already
( )13. He borrowed a book from the library yesterday and he ________ it for a week.
A. has borrowed B. has kept C. borrowed D. keeps
( )14. So far, we ________ no news from him.
A. have got B. got C. get D. will get
( )15. —When ________ you ________ the bike —Last month.
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. did; have
( )16. She ________ the club since she graduated from college.
A. has joined B. joined C. has been a member of D. joins
( )17. We ________ each other since we met at the party last year.
A. have known B. knew C. will know D. know
( )18. —Has your father ________ come back from work —Yes, he has ________ come back.
A. yet; just B. just; yet C. already; yet D. ever; just
( )19. The film ________ for 10 minutes when we got to the cinema.
A. has been on B. had been on C. was on D. is on
( )20. I ________ never ________ such an interesting story before.
A. have; heard B. has; heard C. have; hear D. did; hear
三、句型转换。
1. I have finished my homework.（改为否定句）
I ________ ________ my homework.
2. He has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）
—________ he ________ in Beijing for 5 years —No, he ________.
3. They have visited the Great Wall twice.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ ________ have they visited the Great Wall
4. She bought the watch three years ago.（改为同义句，用for）
She ________ ________ the watch for three years.
5. My brother joined the football club last month.（改为同义句）
My brother ________ ________ ________ the football club for a month.
6. He has already left Shanghai.（改为否定句）
He ________ left Shanghai ________.
7. I have had the bike since 2021.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ have you had the bike
8. The meeting began 10 minutes ago.（改为同义句）
The meeting ________ ________ ________ for 10 minutes.
9. They have eaten breakfast.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
—________ they ________ breakfast —Yes, they ________.
10. She has gone to Paris.（对划线部分提问）
________ has she ________
四、完形填空。
My name is Li Jie. I ____1____ (live) in Nanjing since I was born. Nanjing is a beautiful city with a long history. I ____2____ (know) a lot about it because I ____3____ (visit) many places of interest here, like the Confucius Temple and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
My parents ____4____ (work) in a factory for 20 years. They are hard-working and they love their jobs. My sister is a student. She ____5____ (study) English for 5 years and she ____6____ (already win) some prizes in English competitions.
So far, our family ____7____ (have) many changes. We ____8____ (move) to a new flat last year. The flat is bigger and more comfortable. We ____9____ (buy) a new car, too. Now my father ____10____ (drive) us to school and work every day. I love my family and I love Nanjing.
1. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
2. A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know
3. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit
4. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
5. A. study B. studied C. has studied D. have studied
6. A. already wins B. has already won C. already won D. will already win
7. A. has had B. have had C. had D. will have
8. A. move B. moved C. have moved D. will move
9. A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy
10. A. drives B. drove C. has driven D. will drive译林版八下Unit1现在完成时专项练习答案+详细解析
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. has cooked 2. haven’t finished 3. Have; seen
4. has just cleaned 5. have never been 6. has lived
7. have learnt/learned 8. have made 9. has gone
10. have known 11. has produced 12. has already drunk
13. haven’t visited 14. Has; finished 15. has taught
1. 后句“现在能吃了”说明动作已完成且对现在有结果，mother是三单，用has cooked。
2. 标志词yet（否定句末），表“尚未完成”，they是复数，用haven’t finished。
3. 一般疑问句，现在完成时结构为Have/Has+主语+过去分词，主语是you，用Have; seen。
4. 标志词just（刚刚），he是三单，用has just cleaned。
5. 标志词never/before，I是第一人称，用have never been。
6. 标志词since+时间点，表动作持续，she是三单，用has lived。
7. 标志词for+时间段，students是复数，learn的过去分词有learnt/learned两种，用have learnt/learned。
8. 标志词so far，we是复数，用have made。
9. “爸爸去超市了（还没回）”，用have/has gone to，father是三单，用has gone。
10. 标志词since+句子，表持续，I是第一人称，用have known。
11. 标志词in the past month，factory是三单，用has produced。
12. 标志词already（肯定句），she是三单，drink的过去分词是drunk，用has already drunk。
13. 标志词yet（否定句），they是复数，用haven’t visited。
14. 一般疑问句，Tom是三单，用Has; finished。
15. 标志词for+时间段，she是三单，teach的过去分词是taught，用has taught。
二、单项选择
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C
11.C 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.A 19.B 20.A
1. B：how long提问“持续多久”，后接时间段，需用延续性动词；buy是瞬间动词，对应延续性动词为have，现在完成时结构have had。
2. A：“到处找笔但没找到”，找的动作从过去开始，对现在有影响（没找到），用现在完成时；look for表“寻找过程”，find表“找到结果”，此处用have looked for。
3. C：ever用于疑问句表“曾经”，never用于否定句表“从未”，固定搭配。
4. C：标志词since+时间点，表动作持续到现在，用现在完成时has worked。
5. B：have gone to表“去了某地还没回”，have been to表“去过某地已回”；后句“一小时后回来”说明没回，用has gone。
6. C：固定句型It is the+序数词+time that+主语+have/has done，表“第几次做某事”，I用have been。
7. C：标志词for+时间段，需用延续性动词；die是瞬间动词，对应延续性状态为be dead，现在完成时has been dead。
8. B：标志词in the past few years，city是三单，用has had（have的过去分词是had）。
9. A：答语since+时间点，提问“持续多久”用how long；how far问距离，how soon问“多久后”，how often问频率。
10. C：标志词just，I是第一人称，finish的过去分词是finished，用have; finished。
11. C：标志词for+时间段，表动作持续，用have lived。
12. A：yet用于疑问句末，already用于肯定句中/末，固定用法。
13. B：标志词for+时间段，需用延续性动词；borrow是瞬间动词，对应延续性动词为keep，现在完成时has kept。
14. A：标志词so far，用现在完成时have got。
15. B：答语last month是一般过去时标志，疑问句用did+主语+动词原形，buy表“购买动作”，用did; buy。
16. C：标志词since+句子，需用延续性动词；join是瞬间动词，对应延续性表达为be a member of，she是三单，用has been a member of。
17. A：标志词since+句子，表动作持续，用have known。
18. A：yet用于疑问句末，just用于肯定句中，表“刚刚”，符合语境。
19. B：“我们到电影院时，电影已经放了10分钟”，过去的过去发生且持续，用过去完成时；begin是瞬间动词，对应延续性为be on，过去完成时had been on。
20. A：标志词never/before，I是第一人称，hear的过去分词是heard，用have; heard。
三、句型转换
1. haven’t finished 2. Has; lived; hasn’t
3. How many times 4. has had
5. has been a member of 6. hasn’t; yet
7. How long 8. has been on
9. Have; eaten; have 10. Where; gone
1. 现在完成时否定句：直接在have/has后加not，即haven’t finished。
2. 一般疑问句：把has提前，过去分词lived不变；否定回答用No, he hasn’t。
3. 划线部分twice（两次）是次数，提问用How many times（多少次）。
4. for three years是时间段，buy（瞬间）变延续性have，she是三单，用has had。
5. for a month是时间段，join（瞬间）变延续性be a member of，brother是三单，用has been a member of。
6. already变否定句需替换为yet（放句末），即hasn’t; yet。
7. 划线部分since 2021是“持续的时间”，提问用How long。
8. for 10 minutes是时间段，begin（瞬间）变延续性be on，meeting是三单，用has been on。
9. 一般疑问句：把have提前，过去分词eaten不变；肯定回答用Yes, they have。
10. 划线部分Paris是地点，用where提问，gone不变。
四、完形填空
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.A
1. C：标志词since I was born，表动作从出生持续到现在，用have lived。
2. C：“了解南京”是从过去到现在的结果，用have known。
3. C：“参观很多名胜”的动作完成，且对现在“了解南京”有影响，用have visited。
4. C：标志词for 20 years，parents是复数，用have worked。
5. C：标志词for 5 years，she是三单，用has studied。
6. B：标志词already，且“获奖”对现在有影响，she是三单，用has already won。
7. B：标志词so far，family表“家人”是复数，用have had。
8. B：标志词last year，是一般过去时，用moved。
9. C：“买新车”的动作完成，且对现在“开车上学”有影响，用have bought。
10. A：标志词every day，是一般现在时，father是三单，用drives。

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