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山东临沂市2025-2026学年高二上学期普通高中学科期末素养水平监测英语试题
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Each year at Balloon Fiesta, balloon enthusiasts can get hands-on experience to learn about the sport and science of ballooning.
Located at the north end of Balloon Fiesta Park next to the Artisans tent, the Balloon Discovery Center draws more than 35,000 visitors of all ages each year.
· Admission is FREE once inside Balloon Fiesta gates.
· Hours: 5:00 AM to 10:00 AM; 3:30 PM to 7:30 PM
· Youth 12 and under can complete a passport activity by visiting the many interactive exhibits. Here are a few of the exhibits for this year:
Hot Air Balloon Wind Race: Participate on a 64" interactive table where users use the wind direction. You race other competitors to be the first to land on the “X” and win the game! Learn how to navigate the hot air balloon and test your flying skills!
Balloon Pilot Challenge: Another interactive table illustrates how wind and weather might affect a hot air balloon flight. Test your prediction skills by setting wind speed and see if you are a Student Pilot, Private Pilot, or the highest ranking, a Commercial Pilot!
The Albuquerque Box: Its unique weather and wind patterns make our city unique and perfect for flying balloons. This interactive exhibit illustrates how the “box effect” sits over Balloon Fiesta Park and surrounding areas.
Wicker Weaving: Some aspects of ballooning remain low-tech, and the basket, also called the Gondola, is one of them. Most gondolas are made from wicker to minimize the additional weight that the balloon must lift. When the wicker is soaked (浸泡) in water, it becomes flexible. It is woven in a pattern in and out of the vertical supports. As it dries, it becomes e test your skills in weaving wicker!
1. What can we know about the Balloon Discovery Center
A. It is free for visitors. B. It opens the whole day.
C. It is located in the center of the Park. D. It offers many interactive exhibits.
2. Which exhibit can test your pilot potential
A. Balloon Pilot Challenge. B. Wicker Weaving.
C. Hot Air Balloon Wind Race. D. The Albuquerque Box.
3. Why is wicker chosen as the material for gondolas
A. It is easy to get as a material. B. It becomes harder in water.
C. It reduces the weight of the balloon. D. It can be used to support the balloon.
B
In Mother Teresa’s “Anyway” poem, one of the lines is “If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior (不可告诉人的) motives; Be kind anyway.” Yes, there will be some people who question or judge our motives, but that shouldn’t stop us from being friendly, generous and considerate to others. Sometimes we are the giver of an act of kindness. Other times, we are the receiver. It doesn’t matter. Kindness makes everyone feel good.
My daughter shared this story. Many years ago a man who lived in New York City decided to visit his parents two hours north. As he approached their small town, his car broke down. A woman stopped to offer a ride to a mechanic in town, and as they chatted on the way in, he learned that she was a local realtor (房地产经纪人). He shared that he was from the city visiting his parents. They went their separate ways, but he never forgot her kindness.
Forty years later, his parents now deceased, and the son needed to sell their house. He remembered the realtor who had helped him all those years ago and called her office. Unfortunately, the woman had passed away, but her daughter and granddaughter were running the business and ended up being his realtors. As it turned out, they sold the parents’ house to my daughter and son-in-law A simple act of kindness had a continuous effect decades later.
In most cases, we never know the long-term effect of our acts of kindness. But the receiver often never forgets. So don’t let fear or judgment get in the way of being kind to someone. As the Greek philosopher Aesop once said,” No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted. “And sometimes, in a strange way, it might even come back to us.
4. Why is Mother Teresa’s poem mentioned in paragraph 1
A. To introduce the poem. B. To provide examples.
C. To support the author’s opinion. D. To encourage readers to share ideas.
5. Which of the following best describes the woman
A. Helpful. B. Traditional. C. Positive. D. Honest.
6. Why did the man choose the woman as the realtor
A. She was professional. B. She was trustworthy.
C. Their daughters were friends. D. They came from the same town.
7. What can we learn from the story shared by the author’s daughter
A. Love breaks down barriers. B. Good things come to those who wait.
C. What goes around comes around. D. A determined soul will always find a path.
C
A new study in Communications Earth & Environment reports a series of major droughts, each extending beyond 85 years, likely played a central role in the eventual fall of the Indus Valley Civilizations. This offers fresh insight into why this influential ancient society, a contemporary (同时代) of ancient Egypt, located near the present-day India-Pakistan border, experienced a slow reduction in its urban and cultural complexity. The research also underlines how long-lasting environmental pressures can shape the development and stability of early civilizations.
The Indus Valley Civilizations was among the earliest known urban cultures, developing between 5,000 and 3,500 years ago along the Indus River and its branches in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. At its height from 4,500 to 3,900 years ago, the society was known for its planned cities, extensive facilities, and innovative water management systems. But the reasons behind its long, gradual downturn have remained difficult for researchers to fully explain.
To investigate past conditions, Vimal Mishra and colleagues constructed climate patterns across the region spanning 5,000 to 3,000 years ago. Their analysis combined climate modeling with several indirect indicators of ancient environmental change. These included the chemical signatures preserved in two Indian caves and water level histories recorded in five lakes across northwest India. Together, the data pointed to a temperature increase of about 0.5 degrees Celsius during this interval, along with a 10 to 20 percent reduction in annual rainfall. The team also identified four extended drought periods occurring between 4,450 and 3,400 years ago, indicating widespread and long-lasting impacts on water availability.
According to the authors, these droughts likely influenced where people chose to establish settlements. Between 5,000 and 4,500 years ago, most communities were situated in regions that received higher rainfall. After 4,500 years ago, settlement patterns changed, with populations moving closer to the Indus River. This shift may reflect increasing dependence on a more reliable water source as drought conditions intensified.
Based on these findings, the researchers concluded the Indus Valley civilization did not collapse suddenly from a single climate event. Instead, the society likely experienced a prolonged and uneven fall in which repeated droughts became a significant contributing factor.
8. What can we learn from the new study
A. Ancient Egypt also experienced a slow reduction.
B. Environment greatly influenced the early civilizations.
C. The Indus Valley civilization extended beyond 85 years.
D. Droughts shaped the early civilizations in different ways.
9. What do we know about the Indus Valley civilization in paragraph 2
A. Where it originated is unknown.
B. Why it fell requires further study.
C. Its society initially had well-designed cities.
D. It lay between Pakistan and northwest India.
10. How did Vimal Mishra and colleagues carry out their research
A. By collecting the annual rainfall.
B. By monitoring the temperature change.
C. By studying the impact on water availability.
D. By using climate models and natural evidence.
11. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “intensified” in paragraph 4
A. Worsen. B. Improved. C. Disappeared. D. Eased.
D
For most mountaineers, some level of altitude (海拔) sickness is unavoidable. But native highlanders living on the Tibetan Plateau, known as Sherpas, have inhabited the high Himalaya long enough to have an evolutionary (进化的) edge at bearing altitude compared with lowlanders born and raised farther down. For a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, researchers compared Sherpa and lowlander blood samples (样本) during a Himalayan hike to investigate the Sherpas’ aptitude for altitude — and they found a crucial clue in the kidney (肾脏).
The thinner atmosphere up high can lead to hypoxia, a dangerous lack of oxygen. Hypoxic people breathe faster to bring more oxygen into their lungs. But extra breathing also empties the lungs of more carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) than usual, which in turn reduces the production of carbonic acid in the blood. And even tiny changes in acidity risk damaging the proteins that keep our cells functioning. Once blood acidity shifts, “the only thing that can fix it is the kidneys,” says study co-author Trevor Day, a physiologist at Mount Royal University in Alberta.
To examine highlanders’ blood acidity at altitude, Day and his colleagues enlisted 14 Sherpas and 15 lowlanders from among university students in Kathmandu, Nepal, and ran initial blood tests at 4,200 feet. Next came a nine-day journey to 14,000 feet to take another blood sample. The lowlanders’ blood became more basic as they climbed higher, but Sherpas’ blood acidity didn’t change; their kidneys’ cleaning action adjusted the basic and acidic ions. The Sherpas’ improved blood-acidity adjustment is most likely from everlasting differences between highlander and lowlander kidneys, the researchers say. Together, these findings highlight the kidneys as unsung heroes during hypoxia.
These results add to earlier findings that Sherpas have more blood plasma than other people. This watery liquid thins their blood so it can flow faster and deliver oxygen throughout the body more quickly. The researchers stressed the kidney as a key focus for future research on the effects of high altitude.
12. What is the difference between Sherpas and lowlanders in paragraph 1
A. Lowlanders’ blood samples indicate they are better at hiking.
B. Sherpas are more interested in mountaineering than lowlanders.
C. Lowlanders get a disease in kidney at high altitude more easily.
D. Sherpas have an evolutionary advantage in standing high altitude.
13. What is the potential harm of tiny changes in blood acidity
A. Speeding up the breathing rate.
B. Reducing the production of carbonic acid.
C. Increasing the amount of oxygen in the lungs.
D. harming the proteins essential for cellular function.
14. What role do kidneys play in hypoxia
A. They can produce more blood.
B. They can balance basic and acidic ions.
C. They can make people absorb more oxygen.
D. They can drive lungs to send out carbon dioxide.
15. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Comparing Sherpas with lowlanders.
B. The blood acidity control at high altitude.
C. Sherpas’ adaptive features to high altitude.
D. The kidney research on high-altitude sickness.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What if there was a kind of food that tasted delicious, came in thousands of varieties, could be eaten raw or cooked in an endless number of ways, and helped prevent most of the major diseases killing Australians Well, this kind of food does exist — it’s fruits and vegetables! ____16____ The Australian Dietary Guidelines currently recommend two servings of fruits and at least three servings of vegetables each day.
____17____ So we asked a few experts to address some of the reasons people cite for avoiding produce, and then to suggest ways to overcome them.
“They’re too expensive.”
“One barrier is the perishability (易腐性) of fruits and vegetables,” says Lauren M. Scott. “People think fruits and vegetables cost too much because they bought them but then the produce went bad and they had to throw them out.” ____18____ A quick price comparison check shows that a bag of popular potato chips costs around $25 a kilo. No apple or orange costs that much. If you find your schedule is too unpredictable and your vegetables are rotting before cooking, try either buying small amounts of produce more frequently or storing enough frozen fruits and veggies.
“They don’t taste good.”
“It’s not necessarily that you don’t like a specific fruit or vegetable. You just don’t know how you like it,” says Scott. For example, think about beetroot — you can have it cooked, in a salad, or on a burger. If you don’t like something prepared one way, find a different way to prepare it. ____19____
“It takes too much time.”
____20____ Not only can you buy canned or frozen vegetables that are already cut and washed, but you can buy fresh fruits and vegetables that way, too. Most supermarkets now offer a large range of cleaned, cut and chopped produce.
A. People were forced to eat certain vegetables as children.
B. Given their importance, how much should we actually eat
C. Plenty of people have grown up never eating healthy foods.
D. It’s easy to find new recipes by doing a quick online search.
E. This excuse may have once been reasonable, but not anymore.
F. But proper planning and storage can prevent food and money waste.
G. However, fruits and vegetables are actually not expensive relative to other foods.
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
It might sound strange, considering I make my living on television, but in my personal life, I shy away from the spotlight. That is why I tried my best to ____21____ my wife, Deborah Roberts, not to throw a party for my birthday last August. But I knew I couldn’t stop her. The truth was that I was feeling a little ____22____ about turning 70. My dad never made it to this age. He ____23____ at 69. Dad was my role model and inspiration for being a good husband and father. He would say simply, “There are no ____24____ to how much you can love.”
Nearing my dad’s age upset me, especially because I too almost didn’t make it to 70. In November 2022, after feeling breathless walking upstairs, scans ____25____ blood clots (血块) in my lungs and leg. “We’ve got to ____26____ you to the hospital,” my doctor said. Deborah immediately ____27____ from Europe to be at my plications (并发症) led to internal bleeding, and ____28____ briefly coming home for Thanksgiving — ____29____ hosting the Macy’s parade for the first time in 27 years — I was rushed back. ____30____, an eight-hour surgery was performed.
During my ____31____, I realized: “Don’t take your blessings for granted.” My family — Deborah, Leila, Nick, and Courtney — each ____32____ me uniquely. Colleagues like Hoda Kotb ____33____ so often that people thought she was hospital staff.
When I finally came home and Deborah’s ____34____ party arrived with 150 friends and family, I understood: it ____35____ not just me, but the love surrounding us. As I held Deborah close while we danced, I remembered Dad’s words — there are no limits to love. I felt it all around me.
21. A. encourage B. persuade C. beg D. urge
22. A. embarrassed B. depressed C. astonished D. annoyed
23. A. passed away B. moved away C. showed up D. broke down
24. A. means B. skills C. limits D. demands
25. A. revealed B. emphasized C. assumed D. patterned
26. A. appoint B. admit C. invite D. drive
27. A. heard B. escaped C. returned D. separated
28. A. by B. without C. regarding D. despite
29. A. avoiding B. appreciating C. missing D. delaying
30. A. Eventually B. Repeatedly C. Surprisingly D. Obviously
31. A. wait B. recovery C. departure D. holiday
32. A. defended B. suspected C. recalled D. supported
33. A. behaved B. called C. visited D. guided
34. A. surprise B. graduation C. promotion D. wedding
35. A. bothered B. convinced C. transformed D. celebrated
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1981, Karl was struck by a sea of bicycles when he was in Beijing. The city streets were defined more by ____36____ (simple) than speed.
Returning to the Chinese capital last week, Karl, ____37____ European from Berlin, described the results of the transformation as almost unrecognizable.
Such ____38____ (sweep) change is no accident, the 70-year-old said. While many factors have fueled China’s economic success, long-term planning ____39____ a governance model combining strategic five-year development ____40____ (plan) with flexible adjustments remain among the key drivers.
Pablo Iglesias Turrion, former Spanish deputy prime minister, said that China’s steady transformation is closely linked to the governing philosophy ____41____ (reflect) in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China. Since its first volume ____42____ (publish) in 2014, the series has been translated into more than 40 languages, reaching over 180 countries and regions. Iglesias said he is still working his way through the books and has closely followed China’s policy decisions, ____43____, he is convinced, are reshaping global dynamics.
While no planning system is perfect, Iglesias argued that China’s model has proved to be stable and ____44____ (effect), particularly compared with what he described as the United States’ tendency to prioritize the interests of the wealthy elite. Many policymakers from other countries are trying to learn as much as they can ____45____ China’s positive experience.
第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 近日，不少学校引入AI赋能教学和学习。你校英文报正在开展以“AI Assistants in High School Education”为主题的征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 你的体验和感受；
2. 你的观点和看法。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
AI Assistants in High School Education
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“And that’s why I think I’d be good for this job,” I finished typing, and then I smiled before remembering that my potential employer could not see me. We were talking online, via social media. We had not met in person yet. But from what I had read of her requirements for a personal assistant, I knew I wanted the position. She even had a little dog who had the final say on any applicants. “Your puppy sounds so cute,” I added. “I love dogs.” Then, I started to worry that typing that was too much at this early stage and moved my fingers away from the keys, stopping myself from adding anything more.
The bubbles appeared on screen, showing that the lady was typing something in response, when there was an urgent knock at the front door. I heard my neighbor’s call. She sounded upset. I hurried downstairs, answered the door and asked, “What’s going on ” My neighbour clutched (紧紧抓住) her little dog. Tears were streaming down her cheeks. “We were attacked,” she wept. “Big dog. It bit Marley.” Marley was quiet in her arms but alert. Thankfully, there was not much blood. “Are you okay ” I asked. She nodded shakily. “Yes. It didn’t go for me. But Marley is hurt.” “Okay. Then let’s take Marley to the vet’s.”
I took the stairs two at a time. I was supposed to be in the middle of an interview. There was more writing from my potential employer on the screen, but I took no time to read it. I quickly wrote: “So sorry. Have to go. Neighbour’s dog hurt, taking to vet’s.” I clicked send and did not wait for an answer, just snatched my bag and ran back downstairs.
The trip to the veterinary hospital was quiet. My neighbour silently wept in the front passenger seat while I drove and tried to comfort Marley. He made no noise, just quietly shivering (颤抖), and looked at me with his hopeless, black eyes. A broken front leg was the diagnosis (诊断). And shock. After some treatment, it was determined that Marley was well enough to take home.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
It was midnight when we got back.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But, as I scrolled (滚动) through the messages, I could see she was still online.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
山东临沂市2025-2026学年高二上学期普通高中学科期末素养水平监测英语试题
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Each year at Balloon Fiesta, balloon enthusiasts can get hands-on experience to learn about the sport and science of ballooning.
Located at the north end of Balloon Fiesta Park next to the Artisans tent, the Balloon Discovery Center draws more than 35,000 visitors of all ages each year.
· Admission is FREE once inside Balloon Fiesta gates.
· Hours: 5:00 AM to 10:00 AM; 3:30 PM to 7:30 PM
· Youth 12 and under can complete a passport activity by visiting the many interactive exhibits. Here are a few of the exhibits for this year:
Hot Air Balloon Wind Race: Participate on a 64" interactive table where users use the wind direction. You race other competitors to be the first to land on the “X” and win the game! Learn how to navigate the hot air balloon and test your flying skills!
Balloon Pilot Challenge: Another interactive table illustrates how wind and weather might affect a hot air balloon flight. Test your prediction skills by setting wind speed and see if you are a Student Pilot, Private Pilot, or the highest ranking, a Commercial Pilot!
The Albuquerque Box: Its unique weather and wind patterns make our city unique and perfect for flying balloons. This interactive exhibit illustrates how the “box effect” sits over Balloon Fiesta Park and surrounding areas.
Wicker Weaving: Some aspects of ballooning remain low-tech, and the basket, also called the Gondola, is one of them. Most gondolas are made from wicker to minimize the additional weight that the balloon must lift. When the wicker is soaked (浸泡) in water, it becomes flexible. It is woven in a pattern in and out of the vertical supports. As it dries, it becomes e test your skills in weaving wicker!
1. What can we know about the Balloon Discovery Center
A. It is free for visitors. B. It opens the whole day.
C. It is located in the center of the Park. D. It offers many interactive exhibits.
2. Which exhibit can test your pilot potential
A. Balloon Pilot Challenge. B. Wicker Weaving.
C. Hot Air Balloon Wind Race. D. The Albuquerque Box.
3. Why is wicker chosen as the material for gondolas
A. It is easy to get as a material. B. It becomes harder in water.
C. It reduces the weight of the balloon. D. It can be used to support the balloon.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
B
In Mother Teresa’s “Anyway” poem, one of the lines is “If you are kind, people may accuse you of selfish, ulterior (不可告诉人的) motives; Be kind anyway.” Yes, there will be some people who question or judge our motives, but that shouldn’t stop us from being friendly, generous and considerate to others. Sometimes we are the giver of an act of kindness. Other times, we are the receiver. It doesn’t matter. Kindness makes everyone feel good.
My daughter shared this story. Many years ago a man who lived in New York City decided to visit his parents two hours north. As he approached their small town, his car broke down. A woman stopped to offer a ride to a mechanic in town, and as they chatted on the way in, he learned that she was a local realtor (房地产经纪人). He shared that he was from the city visiting his parents. They went their separate ways, but he never forgot her kindness.
Forty years later, his parents now deceased, and the son needed to sell their house. He remembered the realtor who had helped him all those years ago and called her office. Unfortunately, the woman had passed away, but her daughter and granddaughter were running the business and ended up being his realtors. As it turned out, they sold the parents’ house to my daughter and son-in-law A simple act of kindness had a continuous effect decades later.
In most cases, we never know the long-term effect of our acts of kindness. But the receiver often never forgets. So don’t let fear or judgment get in the way of being kind to someone. As the Greek philosopher Aesop once said,” No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted. “And sometimes, in a strange way, it might even come back to us.
4. Why is Mother Teresa’s poem mentioned in paragraph 1
A. To introduce the poem. B. To provide examples.
C. To support the author’s opinion. D. To encourage readers to share ideas.
5. Which of the following best describes the woman
A. Helpful. B. Traditional. C. Positive. D. Honest.
6. Why did the man choose the woman as the realtor
A. She was professional. B. She was trustworthy.
C. Their daughters were friends. D. They came from the same town.
7. What can we learn from the story shared by the author’s daughter
A. Love breaks down barriers. B. Good things come to those who wait.
C. What goes around comes around. D. A determined soul will always find a path.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C
C
A new study in Communications Earth & Environment reports a series of major droughts, each extending beyond 85 years, likely played a central role in the eventual fall of the Indus Valley Civilizations. This offers fresh insight into why this influential ancient society, a contemporary (同时代) of ancient Egypt, located near the present-day India-Pakistan border, experienced a slow reduction in its urban and cultural complexity. The research also underlines how long-lasting environmental pressures can shape the development and stability of early civilizations.
The Indus Valley Civilizations was among the earliest known urban cultures, developing between 5,000 and 3,500 years ago along the Indus River and its branches in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. At its height from 4,500 to 3,900 years ago, the society was known for its planned cities, extensive facilities, and innovative water management systems. But the reasons behind its long, gradual downturn have remained difficult for researchers to fully explain.
To investigate past conditions, Vimal Mishra and colleagues constructed climate patterns across the region spanning 5,000 to 3,000 years ago. Their analysis combined climate modeling with several indirect indicators of ancient environmental change. These included the chemical signatures preserved in two Indian caves and water level histories recorded in five lakes across northwest India. Together, the data pointed to a temperature increase of about 0.5 degrees Celsius during this interval, along with a 10 to 20 percent reduction in annual rainfall. The team also identified four extended drought periods occurring between 4,450 and 3,400 years ago, indicating widespread and long-lasting impacts on water availability.
According to the authors, these droughts likely influenced where people chose to establish settlements. Between 5,000 and 4,500 years ago, most communities were situated in regions that received higher rainfall. After 4,500 years ago, settlement patterns changed, with populations moving closer to the Indus River. This shift may reflect increasing dependence on a more reliable water source as drought conditions intensified.
Based on these findings, the researchers concluded the Indus Valley civilization did not collapse suddenly from a single climate event. Instead, the society likely experienced a prolonged and uneven fall in which repeated droughts became a significant contributing factor.
8. What can we learn from the new study
A. Ancient Egypt also experienced a slow reduction.
B. Environment greatly influenced the early civilizations.
C. The Indus Valley civilization extended beyond 85 years.
D. Droughts shaped the early civilizations in different ways.
9. What do we know about the Indus Valley civilization in paragraph 2
A. Where it originated is unknown.
B. Why it fell requires further study.
C. Its society initially had well-designed cities.
D. It lay between Pakistan and northwest India.
10. How did Vimal Mishra and colleagues carry out their research
A. By collecting the annual rainfall.
B. By monitoring the temperature change.
C. By studying the impact on water availability.
D. By using climate models and natural evidence.
11. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “intensified” in paragraph 4
A. Worsen. B. Improved. C. Disappeared. D. Eased.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
D
For most mountaineers, some level of altitude (海拔) sickness is unavoidable. But native highlanders living on the Tibetan Plateau, known as Sherpas, have inhabited the high Himalaya long enough to have an evolutionary (进化的) edge at bearing altitude compared with lowlanders born and raised farther down. For a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, researchers compared Sherpa and lowlander blood samples (样本) during a Himalayan hike to investigate the Sherpas’ aptitude for altitude — and they found a crucial clue in the kidney (肾脏).
The thinner atmosphere up high can lead to hypoxia, a dangerous lack of oxygen. Hypoxic people breathe faster to bring more oxygen into their lungs. But extra breathing also empties the lungs of more carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) than usual, which in turn reduces the production of carbonic acid in the blood. And even tiny changes in acidity risk damaging the proteins that keep our cells functioning. Once blood acidity shifts, “the only thing that can fix it is the kidneys,” says study co-author Trevor Day, a physiologist at Mount Royal University in Alberta.
To examine highlanders’ blood acidity at altitude, Day and his colleagues enlisted 14 Sherpas and 15 lowlanders from among university students in Kathmandu, Nepal, and ran initial blood tests at 4,200 feet. Next came a nine-day journey to 14,000 feet to take another blood sample. The lowlanders’ blood became more basic as they climbed higher, but Sherpas’ blood acidity didn’t change; their kidneys’ cleaning action adjusted the basic and acidic ions. The Sherpas’ improved blood-acidity adjustment is most likely from everlasting differences between highlander and lowlander kidneys, the researchers say. Together, these findings highlight the kidneys as unsung heroes during hypoxia.
These results add to earlier findings that Sherpas have more blood plasma than other people. This watery liquid thins their blood so it can flow faster and deliver oxygen throughout the body more quickly. The researchers stressed the kidney as a key focus for future research on the effects of high altitude.
12. What is the difference between Sherpas and lowlanders in paragraph 1
A. Lowlanders’ blood samples indicate they are better at hiking.
B. Sherpas are more interested in mountaineering than lowlanders.
C. Lowlanders get a disease in kidney at high altitude more easily.
D. Sherpas have an evolutionary advantage in standing high altitude.
13. What is the potential harm of tiny changes in blood acidity
A. Speeding up the breathing rate.
B. Reducing the production of carbonic acid.
C. Increasing the amount of oxygen in the lungs.
D. harming the proteins essential for cellular function.
14. What role do kidneys play in hypoxia
A. They can produce more blood.
B. They can balance basic and acidic ions.
C. They can make people absorb more oxygen.
D. They can drive lungs to send out carbon dioxide.
15. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Comparing Sherpas with lowlanders.
B. The blood acidity control at high altitude.
C. Sherpas’ adaptive features to high altitude.
D. The kidney research on high-altitude sickness.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. B 15. C
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What if there was a kind of food that tasted delicious, came in thousands of varieties, could be eaten raw or cooked in an endless number of ways, and helped prevent most of the major diseases killing Australians Well, this kind of food does exist — it’s fruits and vegetables! ____16____ The Australian Dietary Guidelines currently recommend two servings of fruits and at least three servings of vegetables each day.
____17____ So we asked a few experts to address some of the reasons people cite for avoiding produce, and then to suggest ways to overcome them.
“They’re too expensive.”
“One barrier is the perishability (易腐性) of fruits and vegetables,” says Lauren M. Scott. “People think fruits and vegetables cost too much because they bought them but then the produce went bad and they had to throw them out.” ____18____ A quick price comparison check shows that a bag of popular potato chips costs around $25 a kilo. No apple or orange costs that much. If you find your schedule is too unpredictable and your vegetables are rotting before cooking, try either buying small amounts of produce more frequently or storing enough frozen fruits and veggies.
“They don’t taste good.”
“It’s not necessarily that you don’t like a specific fruit or vegetable. You just don’t know how you like it,” says Scott. For example, think about beetroot — you can have it cooked, in a salad, or on a burger. If you don’t like something prepared one way, find a different way to prepare it. ____19____
“It takes too much time.”
____20____ Not only can you buy canned or frozen vegetables that are already cut and washed, but you can buy fresh fruits and vegetables that way, too. Most supermarkets now offer a large range of cleaned, cut and chopped produce.
A. People were forced to eat certain vegetables as children.
B. Given their importance, how much should we actually eat
C. Plenty of people have grown up never eating healthy foods.
D. It’s easy to find new recipes by doing a quick online search.
E. This excuse may have once been reasonable, but not anymore.
F. But proper planning and storage can prevent food and money waste.
G. However, fruits and vegetables are actually not expensive relative to other foods.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. F 19. D 20. E
第三部分 语言运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
It might sound strange, considering I make my living on television, but in my personal life, I shy away from the spotlight. That is why I tried my best to ____21____ my wife, Deborah Roberts, not to throw a party for my birthday last August. But I knew I couldn’t stop her. The truth was that I was feeling a little ____22____ about turning 70. My dad never made it to this age. He ____23____ at 69. Dad was my role model and inspiration for being a good husband and father. He would say simply, “There are no ____24____ to how much you can love.”
Nearing my dad’s age upset me, especially because I too almost didn’t make it to 70. In November 2022, after feeling breathless walking upstairs, scans ____25____ blood clots (血块) in my lungs and leg. “We’ve got to ____26____ you to the hospital,” my doctor said. Deborah immediately ____27____ from Europe to be at my plications (并发症) led to internal bleeding, and ____28____ briefly coming home for Thanksgiving — ____29____ hosting the Macy’s parade for the first time in 27 years — I was rushed back. ____30____, an eight-hour surgery was performed.
During my ____31____, I realized: “Don’t take your blessings for granted.” My family — Deborah, Leila, Nick, and Courtney — each ____32____ me uniquely. Colleagues like Hoda Kotb ____33____ so often that people thought she was hospital staff.
When I finally came home and Deborah’s ____34____ party arrived with 150 friends and family, I understood: it ____35____ not just me, but the love surrounding us. As I held Deborah close while we danced, I remembered Dad’s words — there are no limits to love. I felt it all around me.
21. A. encourage B. persuade C. beg D. urge
22. A. embarrassed B. depressed C. astonished D. annoyed
23. A. passed away B. moved away C. showed up D. broke down
24. A. means B. skills C. limits D. demands
25. A. revealed B. emphasized C. assumed D. patterned
26. A. appoint B. admit C. invite D. drive
27. A. heard B. escaped C. returned D. separated
28. A. by B. without C. regarding D. despite
29. A. avoiding B. appreciating C. missing D. delaying
30. A. Eventually B. Repeatedly C. Surprisingly D. Obviously
31. A. wait B. recovery C. departure D. holiday
32. A. defended B. suspected C. recalled D. supported
33. A. behaved B. called C. visited D. guided
34. A. surprise B. graduation C. promotion D. wedding
35. A. bothered B. convinced C. transformed D. celebrated
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1981, Karl was struck by a sea of bicycles when he was in Beijing. The city streets were defined more by ____36____ (simple) than speed.
Returning to the Chinese capital last week, Karl, ____37____ European from Berlin, described the results of the transformation as almost unrecognizable.
Such ____38____ (sweep) change is no accident, the 70-year-old said. While many factors have fueled China’s economic success, long-term planning ____39____ a governance model combining strategic five-year development ____40____ (plan) with flexible adjustments remain among the key drivers.
Pablo Iglesias Turrion, former Spanish deputy prime minister, said that China’s steady transformation is closely linked to the governing philosophy ____41____ (reflect) in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China. Since its first volume ____42____ (publish) in 2014, the series has been translated into more than 40 languages, reaching over 180 countries and regions. Iglesias said he is still working his way through the books and has closely followed China’s policy decisions, ____43____, he is convinced, are reshaping global dynamics.
While no planning system is perfect, Iglesias argued that China’s model has proved to be stable and ____44____ (effect), particularly compared with what he described as the United States’ tendency to prioritize the interests of the wealthy elite. Many policymakers from other countries are trying to learn as much as they can ____45____ China’s positive experience.
【答案】36. simplicity 37. a 38. sweeping 39. and 40. plans 41. reflected 42. was published 43. which 44. effective 45. from
第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 近日，不少学校引入AI赋能教学和学习。你校英文报正在开展以“AI Assistants in High School Education”为主题的征文活动，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 你的体验和感受；
2. 你的观点和看法。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
AI Assistants in High School Education
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
AI Assistants in High School Education
This semester, our school introduced AI learning assistants, and my experience with them has been truly positive. Once I struggled with math problem-solving, but the AI assistant patiently broke down complex steps for me, adapting to my pace until I fully understood. It also tailored personalized exercise plans based on my weak points, making my study more efficient.
In my view, AI assistants are powerful complements to traditional teaching. They offer targeted support that teachers can’t always provide to every student individually. However, we shouldn’t rely on them completely. Face-to-face interactions with teachers and peers are irreplaceable for cultivating critical thinking and communication skills. Used properly, AI can definitely boost our learning journey.
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“And that’s why I think I’d be good for this job,” I finished typing, and then I smiled before remembering that my potential employer could not see me. We were talking online, via social media. We had not met in person yet. But from what I had read of her requirements for a personal assistant, I knew I wanted the position. She even had a little dog who had the final say on any applicants. “Your puppy sounds so cute,” I added. “I love dogs.” Then, I started to worry that typing that was too much at this early stage and moved my fingers away from the keys, stopping myself from adding anything more.
The bubbles appeared on screen, showing that the lady was typing something in response, when there was an urgent knock at the front door. I heard my neighbor’s call. She sounded upset. I hurried downstairs, answered the door and asked, “What’s going on ” My neighbour clutched (紧紧抓住) her little dog. Tears were streaming down her cheeks. “We were attacked,” she wept. “Big dog. It bit Marley.” Marley was quiet in her arms but alert. Thankfully, there was not much blood. “Are you okay ” I asked. She nodded shakily. “Yes. It didn’t go for me. But Marley is hurt.” “Okay. Then let’s take Marley to the vet’s.”
I took the stairs two at a time. I was supposed to be in the middle of an interview. There was more writing from my potential employer on the screen, but I took no time to read it. I quickly wrote: “So sorry. Have to go. Neighbour’s dog hurt, taking to vet’s.” I clicked send and did not wait for an answer, just snatched my bag and ran back downstairs.
The trip to the veterinary hospital was quiet. My neighbour silently wept in the front passenger seat while I drove and tried to comfort Marley. He made no noise, just quietly shivering (颤抖), and looked at me with his hopeless, black eyes. A broken front leg was the diagnosis (诊断). And shock. After some treatment, it was determined that Marley was well enough to take home.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
It was midnight when we got back.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But, as I scrolled (滚动) through the messages, I could see she was still online.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
It was midnight when we got back. I helped my neighbor settle Marley on a soft cushion, fetching warm water and the vet’s medication. Her eyes brimmed with gratitude as she thanked me repeatedly, her voice still shaky from the day’s panic. Exhausted, I trudged back home, my mind racing with worry about the abandoned interview. Would the employer think I was irresponsible I hesitated before opening the chat, dreading the worst — maybe a cold rejection or no reply at all.
But, as I scrolled through the messages, I could see she was still online. My heart sank as I clicked the chat box, only to gasp at her words: “Your kindness to Marley says more than any interview. A personal assistant needs empathy above all, and you’ve proven that.” She added a photo of her own puppy, asking how Marley was faring. Overjoyed, I shared updates about the little dog, and we soon restarted the interview. By dawn, I’d landed the job — proof that doing the right thing, even when it’s unplanned, always pays off.

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