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(共30张PPT)
R·八年级英语下册
Stay Healthy
UNIT 2
Section B
(代词)他（或她、它）们自己
反身代词作宾语，与逻辑主语在人称或数上保持一致。
用法
They always push themselves too hard. 他们总是将自己逼得太紧。
例句
由“them［pron. 他（她、它）们］+ - selves”构成
themselves
含有反身代词的常见短语如下：
help oneself to... 随便吃/喝…… enjoy oneself 玩得开心
teach oneself 自学
look after oneself 照顾自己
by oneself 单独；独自
(代词)他（或她、它）们自己
themselves
（1）反身代词归纳如下：
（2）反身代词的构成规律：
(动词)油炸；油煎；油炒
fry
fried［动词］油炸的；油煎的
fried chicken炸鸡 fried rice 炒饭
第三人称单数形式：fries 过去式：fried
用法
I’ll fry some eggs for breakfast.
我要煎些鸡蛋当早餐。
例句
(副词)快乐地；高兴地
happily
The wind is light, and the children are flying their kites happily.
微风轻拂，孩子们正快乐地放风筝。
例句
happily的相关词：
由“happy（adj. 快乐的）变y为i+ - ly（副词后缀）”构成
burn
(1) [动词]燃烧；着火
过去式：burnt /b nt/ /burned
过去分词：burnt/burned
Paper burns easily at high temperatures. 纸在高温下很容易燃烧。
(2) [名词]烧伤 常用复数形式 burns。
He has to be in hospital for a month because of his burns.由于烧伤，他不得不住院一个月。
用法
例句
例句
burning［形容词］着火的；燃烧的
burnt［形容词］烧坏的；烧伤的
(名词)
惊恐；恐慌
in panic惊慌地；恐慌地
搭配
panic
例句
There was a panic when the building caught fire.
大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。
They ran out of the house in panic after hearing the loud noise.
听到巨大的响声后，他们慌张地跑出了屋子。
(介词)向；朝
He jumped onto the chair. 他跳到了椅子上。
例句
onto
throw
(1) [动词]猛动（身体部位）
(2) [动词]扔；抛
throw down 扔下 throw away 扔掉；丢弃
用法
例句
现在分词：throwing 过去式：threw
过去分词：thrown
Jenny threw herself onto the bed.
珍妮一头倒在床上。
用法
例句
She threw down her book and went out. 她扔下书就出去了。
throw
(3) [名词]扔；投（球）
例句
A good throw needs balance and strength.
一次好的投掷需要平衡感和力量。
(动词)（使）翻滚；滚动
roll
A ball rolled down the hill. 球滚下了山。
例句
quick
[形容词]快的；迅速的
副词形式：quickly 快速地；很快
(2) [副词]迅速地；快速地
常用于口语，显得随意自然。
Press down on your nose, quick.
按压你的鼻子，快点。
例句
He had a quick breakfast, and went to school quickly.他快速吃了早餐，然后迅速去上学了。
aid
[名词]帮助；援助
It’s rather important for us to learn something about first aid in our daily life.
在日常生活中学习一些急救知识对我们来说相当重要。
搭配
first aid 急救
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
例句
aid
(2)[动词]帮助；援助
Some people take up yoga to aid relaxation.
有些人通过练瑜伽来帮助放松。
They aided in solving the problem.
他们帮忙解决这个问题。
搭配
aid sb/sth 帮助某人/某物
aid（sb/sth）in 在……帮助（某人/某物）
例句
tonight
(1)[副词]在今晚
Most importantly, my sister will dance on stage tonight.
最重要的是，我妹妹今晚要在舞台上跳舞。
例句
(2)[名词]今夜；今晚
Tonight is a good time to get together.
今晚是团聚的好时光。
例句
sadly
(副词)伤心地；令人遗憾
形容词形式：sad 伤心的
反义词：happily 快乐地；高兴地
用法
例句
A piece of bad news made Mary cry sadly.
一则坏消息让玛丽伤心地哭了。
Sadly, Tom fell off his bike and his left leg is broken.很遗憾，汤姆从自行车摔下来，左腿骨折了。
smoke
(1) [名词]烟
例句
The room was filled with thick smoke.
房间里浓烟弥漫。
(2) [动词]吸烟
搭配
give up smoking 戒烟
例句
Your father should give up smoking.
你的爸爸应该戒烟。
搭配
thick smoke 浓烟
(3) [不及物动词]冒烟
例句
What makes the stove smoke？
什么东西使炉子冒烟？
smoke
smoke的一词多义：
luckily
(副词)幸运地
luckily的相关词：
Luck is strange. Lucky people smile, but unlucky people cry. Luckily, I always have good luck. Unluckily, my brother does not.
运气真不可思议。幸运的人微笑，而不幸的人哭泣。幸运的是，我总有好运。可惜我弟弟没有。
badly
I fell down and hurt myself badly.
我跌倒了并且伤得很严重。
例句
(副词)严重地
用法
比较级：worse
最高级：worst
harm
(1) [名词]伤害；损害
例句
Noise does harm to people’s hearing.
噪音对人们的听力有害。
(2) [动词]伤害；损害
例句
Smoking harms our health.
吸烟有害健康。
搭配
do harm to... 对……有害
=does harm to
(形容词)有害的
比较级：more harmful 最高级：most harmful
用法
be harmful to... 对……有害
搭配
harmful
由“harm（n. 损害；伤害）+ - ful （形容词后缀）”构成
Staying up late is harmful to your health.
熬夜有害健康。
例句
=be bad for=do harm to
=is bad for=does harm to=harms
hit
(1) [动词]碰撞；击；打
用法
现在分词：hitting 过去式：hit 过去分词：hit
Yesterday a bus hit the bridge. Luckily，no one was hurt.昨天一辆公交车撞到了桥上。幸运的是，没有人受伤。
My parents never used to hit me.
我的父母以前从来不打我。
例句
(2) [名词]打；击；击中
Give it a good hit. 用力打它一下。
例句
shock
(1) [名词]震惊；令人震惊的事
I got a terrible shock when I saw a big mouse in the room.
当我看到房间里有一只大老鼠时，我吓了一大跳。
例句
(2) [动词]使震惊；使惊愕
The news of his death shocked everyone.
他去世的消息使所有人震惊。
例句
shock
shocking［形容词］令人震惊的shocked［形容词］震惊的
常用于描述事物的特征或性质
常用于描述人的感受
We were all shocked when we heard the shocking news.
当我们听到这个令人震惊的消息时，我们都震惊了。
(动词)流血；出血
现在分词：bleeding 过去式：bled /bled/
过去分词：bled 名词形式：blood 血
用法
His nose is bleeding. Please help him press down on his nose quickly.
他的鼻子在流血。请赶紧帮他按住鼻子。
例句
bleed
check
(1) [动词]检查；查明
It’s important to check the machine first before using it.
使用机器前，先检查一下它很重要。
I called them yesterday to check when they would arrive.
为了弄清他们何时到达，我昨天给他们打了电话。
例句
(2) [名词]检查；调查
have a check 检查
搭配
Have a check in your bag first.
先检查一下你的袋子。
例句
(1)憋气的
Her throat felt tight, just looking at her baby quietly.
她喉咙哽咽得说不出话来，只是静静地看着她的婴儿。
例句
(2)紧的；牢固的
I kept a tight hold of my mother’s arm.
我紧紧抓着妈妈的胳膊。
The lid of the bottle is too tight to open.
这个瓶盖太紧了，打不开。
例句
(形容词)
tight
tightly［副词］紧紧地；牢固地
(副词)紧张不安地
“What’s the matter with you？”Mary asked nervously.
玛丽紧张不安地问： “你怎么了？”
例句
nervously
由“nervous（adj. 担忧的；焦虑的；胆怯的）+ - ly（副词后缀）”构成
allergic
be allergic to 对……过敏
Don’t give roses to Alice. She is allergic to pollen.
不要给爱丽丝送玫瑰花。她对花粉过敏。
搭配
例句
(形容词)过敏的(共34张PPT)
R·八年级英语下册
Stay Healthy
UNIT 2
Section A
(代词)我们自己
反身代词多用于动词或介词后作宾语，强调“某人自己”。反身代词与自己的逻辑主语在人称或数上保持一致。
用法
We should take good care of ourselves.
我们应该好好照顾自己。
例句
由“our （pron. 我们的）+ selves”构成
ourselves
(代词)我们自己
ourselves
ourselves的相关词：
(形容词)疼痛的；酸痛的
在句中作定语或表语。
用法
have a sore+身体部位 ……疼痛
搭配
sore
Judy has a sore throat. 朱迪喉咙痛。
My legs are sore after walking for an hour.
步行一小时后，我的腿很酸痛。
例句
stomachache
My sister has a stomachache because she eats too much.
我姐姐因为吃太多而肚子疼。
例句
(名词)胃痛；肚子疼
“身体部位+ache”表示“身体某部位疼”，如：
由“stomach（n. 胃；腹部）+ache（n. 疼痛）”构成
=stomach ache
(动词)
受苦；遭受
suffer from 受苦；受折磨
搭配
suffer
例句
I can’t stand seeing animals suffering.
我无法忍受看到动物受苦。
My mother suffered from a stomachache last month.
我妈妈上个月遭受了胃病之苦。
(动词)压；按
第三人称单数形式：presses
用法
She pressed the doorbell and waited for someone to open the door.
她按了门铃，然后等着有人来开门。
例句
press
press的相关词：
(名词)
牙科医生
dentist
I have a toothache. I have to see a dentist. 我牙疼。我得去看牙医。
see a/the dentist看牙医
搭配
例句
(名词)发烧
have a fever 发烧
搭配
My sister had a fever last night.
我妹妹昨天晚上发烧了。
例句
fever
have a/an+表示疾病的名词 得……病
have a cold 感冒 have a headache 头疼
(动词)避免；防止
其后可接名词、代词或动词 ing 形式作宾语，但不可接动词不定式。
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
用法
You’d better leave early to avoid the rush hour.
你最好早点出发以避开交通高峰期。
To stay healthy, we should avoid eating too many snacks.
为了保持健康，我们应该避免吃太多零食。
例句
avoid
(名词)气体；燃气
natural gas 天然气
搭配
Don’t forget to turn off the gas or the lights before you leave home.
出门前别忘了关掉燃气和电灯。
例句
gas
ache
(1) [名词]疼痛
have an ache in the/one’s+身体部位 ……疼
She has a terrible ache in the stomach.
她的胃疼得厉害。
(2) [动词]疼痛
My head ached last night, and I didn’t sleep well.
昨晚我头疼，没睡好。
搭配
例句
例句
(名词)出外游玩；远足
反义词：careful 小心；注意；细致的
副词形式：carelessly 不小心地；粗心地
搭配
The boy was so careless that he failed the exam.
这个男孩太粗心了以至于考试不及格。
例句
careless
由“care（n. 小心）+ - less（形容词后缀）”构成
careless的相关词：
runny
have a runny nose 流鼻涕
That child’s nose is runny because she has a cold.
那个女孩因感冒而流鼻涕。
搭配
例句
(形容词)流鼻涕的；流眼泪的
=That child has a runny nose
cough
(1) [名词]咳嗽
have a cough 咳嗽
(2) [动词]咳嗽
She caught a cold and coughed all the night.
她感冒了，咳嗽了一整晚。
例句
例句
搭配
David should go to the doctor because he has a cough and a sore throat. 戴维应该去看医生，因为他咳嗽并且喉咙痛。
bruised
Her bruised knee still aches so she can’t run now.
她淤青的膝盖还在疼，所以她现在没法跑步。
例句
(形容词)受了瘀伤的
test
(1) [名词]检查；测验
(2) [动词]检查；测验
Mum takes me to the hospital to test my hearing.
妈妈带我去医院检查听力。
例句
例句
There is something wrong with Jeff’s eyes，so he needs to do an eye test. 杰夫的眼睛有些问题，所以他需要做个眼睛检查。
Helen got good grades in the English test.
海伦在英语测验中取得了好成绩。
flu
She didn’t go to work because she had the flu.
她没去上班，因为她得了流感。
例句
(名词)流行性感冒
搭配
have the flu 患流感
“have a/an+表示疾病的名词”意为“得……病”，而flu前不用a，要用the。
medicine
(名词)药；医学
搭配
take（some）medicine 吃药
I want to study medicine when I grow up.
我长大后想去学医。
Take the medicine twice a day.
这药一天吃两次。
例句
medicine的相关词：
mask
wear a mask 戴口罩
搭配
例句
Cindy wears a mask once in a while when she has a sore throat.
辛迪喉咙痛的时候，偶尔会戴口罩。
(名词)口罩
description
(名词)描写；形容
give a description of 对……进行描述
搭配
例句
He can give a good description of the movie because he watched it twice.
他能把这部电影描述得很清楚，因为他看了两遍。
describe［动词］描述；形容
patient
(1) [名词]病人
例句
Dr Smith cares about all the patients.
史密斯医生关心所有的病人。
(2) [形容词]有耐心的
搭配
be patient with 对……有耐心
例句
Our maths teacher is a patient man and he’s very patient with us.
我们的数学老师是一个很有耐心的人，他对我们很有耐心。
patient
patiently［副词］耐心地
He is always patient with his patients and listens to them patiently.
他总是对病人很有耐心，并且耐心地倾听他们。
injury
(名词)伤害；损伤
复数形式：injuries head injury 头部受伤
搭配
例句
The leg injury stopped him from playing in the match.
这次腿伤使他无法参加比赛。
illness
(名词)疾病
复数形式：illnesses
搭配
例句
She was absent from classes because of illness.
她因为生病缺课了。
由“ill （adj. 生病的）+ - ness（名词后缀）”构成
knife
(名词)刀
复数形式：knives
搭配
例句
We should be careful when using a knife, or we may hurt ourselves.
我们在用刀时要小心，否则可能会伤到自己。
以 - f （e）结尾且复数形式变为 - ves的名词
小贼（thief）携刀（knife）去偷羊，
半（half）路遇见一只狼（wolf）。
为保己（self）命（life）叶（leaf）中藏，
家中妻子（wife）急得慌。
safety
(名词)安全；安全处所
for safety 为了安全 in safety 安全地
搭配
例句
The firemen led the children to safety.
消防队员把孩子们带到了安全处。
Follow the rules, and you can cross the road in safety.
遵守规则，你就能安全过马路。
clear
(1) [形容词]清晰的；清楚的
搭配
副词形式：clearly 清楚地
Her pronunciation is so clear that everyone could hear her clearly. 她的发音如此清晰，以至于每个人都能听清楚。
(2) [动词]清理
搭配
clear up 清理；整理
clear out 清理；把……清空
例句
John is clearing the snow in front of his house. 约翰正在清理屋前的积雪。
My sister cleared out some old books and gave them away.
我姐姐清理出来一些旧书，并把它们捐了出去。
clear
pain
(名词)疼痛；痛苦
同义词：ache in pain 痛苦
搭配
用法
The girl had a bad stomachache and she cried out in pain.
这个女孩胃疼得厉害，她疼得大哭。
The doctor asked him to have a rest to reduce the pain in the back.
医生让他休息一下来减轻背部疼痛。
例句
pain后接“in+表示身体部位的名词”，可指“某部位疼痛”。
pain
(名词)疼痛；痛苦
painful［形容词］（身体部位）疼痛的；令人痛苦的
My hands are painful and I plan to do a test this weekend.
我手疼，我计划这周末去做个检查。
brightness
(名词)亮度
You need to change the screen’s brightness of your mobile phone at night.
晚上你需要调节手机屏幕的亮度。
例句
形容词加后缀 - ness构成的名词如下：
kind→kindness （仁慈） good→goodness （美德）
sweet→sweetness （甜） sad→sadness （悲伤）
happy→happiness （快乐） ill→illness （疾病）
brightness的相关词：
由“bright （adj. 明亮的）+ - ness（名词后缀）”构成
environment
(名词)环境
We can protect the environment by reducing waste.
我们可以通过减少废弃物来保护环境。
例句
protect the environment 保护环境
搭配
environmental［形容词］自然环境的；有关环境的
(1)[动词]穿越；横过 相当于go across。
例句
Never cross the street when the traffic light is red.不要在交通指示灯是红色时横穿马路。
(2)[名词]交叉
例句
The two streets crossed in the centre of the city.
这两条街在城市中心交叉。
cross
=go across
(3)[名词]叉字形记号；十字形记号
例句
He puts a cross on the map to show where the school is.他在地图上打叉标记学校的位置。

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