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Unit 4
Rules make for a better life!
Lesson 3
Spoken and unspoken rules
学习目标
1
2
3
能够掌握本课时单词、短语和句型。
能够理解一般现在时的被动语态的含义和结构,并掌握一般现在时被动语态的具体用法。
通过阅读文章，能够了解明文规定(spoken rules)和约定俗成的规则(unspoken rules)的含义。
新课讲授
New words
spoken / sp k n/
somewhere / s mwe (r)/
yell /jel/
hallway / h lwe /
test /test/
adj. 口头的，口语的
adv. 在某处
v. 大叫，叫喊
n.喊声，喊叫
n. 走廊，过道
n.&v. 测试，检验
新课讲授
New words
recognise /'rek gna z/
disrespectful / d sr spektfl/
western / west n/
distance / d st ns/
rude / ru d/
depend /d pend/
v. 接受，认识，认出
adj. 无礼的，不尊敬的
adj. 西方的，西部的
n. 距离，间隔，远方
adj. 无礼的，粗鲁的
v.取决于，依靠
What are spoken and unspoken rules Talk with your partner.
Free talk
Spoken rules means the rules that someone said or write.
Unspoken rules means the rules that are not said buy you know it
(言之有理即可)
Spoken rules are said or written somewhere. You might find spoken rules in school, public buildings, at home, or on the road.
Think of school rules. Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways Are you allowed to cheat on tests No! Think of rules in a public place, like a library or a park. Can you talk loudly in a library No! At home, your parents might have clear rules like “no throwing basketballs in the house”. And on the road, you are required to follow traffic rules. That keeps you and others safe.
Reading
Unspoken rules are mostly to do with respecting others. This type of rule is different between countries and cultures!
You should recognise and follow the rules in your own country. When you plan to visit another country, you should find out the differences to avoid being disrespectful. For example, in some western countries people don’t stand too close during a conversation. But in many other countries, closeness is considered normal. In some places, keeping more distance is seen as rude. All these ways are acceptable. It depends on where in the world you are!
Read the whole passage, divide the passage into 2 parts and summarize the man idea of each part.
Part 1 (para.______)
Part 2 (para.______)
What are spoken rules
What are unspoken rules
1-2
3-4
Read the passage and discuss the statements listed below. Are they spoken or unspoken rules
A Don’t climb on a park statue.
spoken rules
B Hold the door open for others.
C Cover your mouth when you cough.
D Don’t make a lot of noise late at night.
unspoken rules
unspoken rules
unspoken rules
Pair work
Do you know any other spoken rules and unspoken rules. Discuss with your partner.
Spoken rules
Unspoken rules
1. The Escalator Rule
Stand on the right, walk on the left.
2. The Phone Call Rule
Don’t talk on speakerphone in public.
3. The Queue Rule
Always wait for your turn in line. Never cut in front of someone.
1. The Park Rule
Please keep off the grass.
2. The Pool Rule
No diving.
3. The Museum Rule
Do not touch the exhibits.
Grammar focus
Read the sentences and pay attention to the parts in yellow.
Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
But in many other countries, closeness is considered normal.
被动语态
(passive voice)
When we do not know who does the action, or when this information is not important, we use passive voice.
Passive voice(被动语态)
1.基本结构：am/is/are + 动词过去分词（done） （am/is/are 随主语人称和数变化）
e.g. He is invited to the party. 他被邀请参加晚会。
2.过去分词变化规则
(1) 规则变化
① 一般情况：加 ed（work→worked、clean→cleaned）
② 不发音 e 结尾：加 d（love→loved、use→used）
③ 辅音 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied、carry→carried）
④ 重读闭音节：双写尾辅音加 ed（stop→stopped、plan→planned）
(2) 不规则变化
do→done; see→seen; eat→eaten; go→gone; write→written; take→taken等
3.四大基础句式
(1) 肯定句
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)（by sb. 表动作发出者，可省略）
① 每年会种很多树。
Many trees are planted every year.
② 这首歌是露西唱的。
This song is sung by Lucy.
(2) 否定句
主语 + am/is/are not + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)（缩写：isn’t/aren’t）
① 每年不会种很多树。
Many trees are not/ aren’t planted every year.
② 这首歌不是露西唱的。
This song is not/ isn’t sung by Lucy.
(3) 一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)
回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are./ No, 主语 + am/is/are not.
① —Are many trees planted every year
— Yes, they are.
② —Is the room cleaned by him
— No, it isn’t.
(4) 特殊疑问句
疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)
① What are planted every year
② Who is the letter written by
4.主动变被动转换步骤
e.g. We plant flowers in the garden.
Flowers
are planted
by us
in the garden
请将主动句改为被动句
My parents always buy me a present on my birthday.
1. A present is always bought for me by my parents on my birthday.(常用)
2. I am always bought a present by my parents on my birthday.
如果一个句子中有两个宾语，改被动时可以将两个宾语变成主语，两种用法都可以
1. 被动语态必须包含 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 be 动词或误用动词原形 / 现在分词，例如：The homework is finished（正确），The homework finished（错误）。
2. 不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆，不可套用规则变化，例如：write→written.
3. 主动变被动时，若主动句宾语是代词，需变为主格形式作主语，例如：主动：He helps her. 被动：She is helped by him（正确）。
Practice
1. Usually computers__________(use) to get information on the Internet.
2.I_________(ask) to clean my bedroom every day by my mother.
3. Trees____________(plant) in spring.
4.----How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
----Thank you. It____________(clean) every day.
5. The brown desk____________(make) of wood.
6. As China grows stronger and stronger , Chinese___________(teach) in more and more schools out of our country.
7. A book____________(give) to me by my mother on my birthday.
are used
am asked
are planted
is cleaned
is made
is taught
is given
Read and rewrite the sentences.
People in society follow spoken rules.
Cultures influence unspoken rules.
She recognised her mother’s
handwriting on the envelope.
A
B
C
Spoken rules are followed by People in society.
Unspoken rules are influenced by cultures.
Her mother’s handwriting on the envelope was recognised by her.
Read and complete the conversation.
Li Ming: Are spoken rules always followed
Wang Mei: Well, not necessarily. Sometimes spoken rules ___________ (ignore).
Li Ming: What about unspoken rules then
Wang Mei: Unspoken rules________ often ___________ (take) for granted.
Li Ming: Can you give me an example
are ignored
are
taken
take sth for granted 认为……理所当然
Wang Mei: Sure. Think of a library. It is a spoken rule to keep quiet, but sometimes people still talk. However, the unspoken rule could be don’t lick your fingers to turn a page.
Li Ming: I see. Unspoken rules __________________
(not write) down. They are different between cultures and locations.
are not written
Language points
adj. 口头的，口语的 spoken language 口语 --- written language 书面语
e.g.
The spoken language in different from written language.
口语和书面语有差别。
拓展
unspoken adj. 未说出的，心照不宣的
e.g. Something unspoken hung in the air between them.
他们之间有些心照不宣的事情还没有解决。
1. spoken Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
2. somewhere Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.
adv. 在某处
(1) 常用于肯定句和表示委婉语气的问句中。在否定句或疑问句中用anywhere。
(2) 形容词修饰不定副词要后置。
e.g. You’d better keep the medicine somewhere safe, out of the children’s reach. 你最好把药放在安全的地方，远离孩子们的触碰范围。
pron. 某个地方
e.g. We need to find somewhere to live. 我们得找个住的地方。
其他常见的不定副词：
(1) everywhere 处处；到处(相当于here and there)
(2) nowhere 哪里都不(表示否定意义)
(3) anywhere 在任何地方(用于否定句或疑问句中)
3. yell Are you allowed to run around and yell in the hallways
v. 叫喊，喊叫 yell at sb/sth 朝……大叫
yell at sb to do sth 喊叫某人做某事 yell out 喊出来，大叫
yell with... ……地大叫
e.g. She yelled at the child to get down from the wall.
她喊着让孩子从墙上下来。
he yelled with excitement.
他激动地大叫。
n. 喊叫，叫嚷，大喊 let out /give a yell 大喊一声
4. disrespectful When you plan to visit another country, you should find out the differences to avoid being disrespectful.
adj. 无礼的；不尊敬的
be disrespectful to sb. 对某人不尊重
e.g. It’s not right to be disrespectful to your elders.
对长辈不尊重是不对的。
拓展：
respect n. & v. 尊重 respectful adj. 尊重的；有礼貌的
disrespect n. 不尊重；无礼
5. depend By working together, they show their courage and their drive.
v. 取决于；依靠 depend on 取决于；依靠；信赖
e.g. How well you perform depends on your preparation.
你的表现如何取决于你的准备情况。
It depends on your use. 这取决于你的用途。
拓展：
dependent adj. 依赖的 independent adj. 独立的
dependence n. 依靠 independence n. 独立
think of 想一想，想象
run around 跑来跑去
cheat on tests 考试作弊
sb be required to do sth 被要求做某事
be to do with 与……有关
mostly adv. 主要地，通常
=mainly， generally
between...and...在……之间
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
consider doing sth 考虑做某事
keep distance 保持距离
require sb to do sth要求某人做某事
require doing sth 要求做某事
当堂检测
（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. In our country, the tea leaves ____________ (pick) by hand when they are ready.
2. The candles ____________(light) by Susan.
3. The tea ____________(plant) on the sides of mountains by farmers.
4. The car ___________(wash) every week.
5. The patients ___________(look) after by ten nurses in this small hospital every day.
6. The artists ________________(encourage) to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.
are picked
are lighted/lit
is planted
is washed
are looked
are encouraged
（二）选择正确答案
1. ---Mum, could I watch the movie YOLO(《热辣滚烫》) starring Jia Ling tonight
---Of course, if your homework________.
A. finishes B. finished C. was finished D. is finished
2. Nowadays, more and more high-technology products_____ in China and some of them are quite popular among foreigners.
A. make B. are made C. made D. were made
D
B
3. Different electric cars, including XIAOMI SU7 are very popular. They___________ in many areas in China now.
A. produce B. produced C. are produced D. were produced
4. ---Maria, do you know how tea is produced
---Yes. When tea leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then _________ for processing.
A. send B. are sending C. are sent D. were sent
C
C
1. Parents should give their children more chances to be with family.
Children should______ ______ more chances to be with family by parents.
2. Nowadays, people use smart phones to take pictures instead of cameras.
Nowadays, smart phones________ _______ to take pictures instead of cameras.
be given
（三）改为被动语态
are used
3. My mother allows me to use her cellphone.
I ______ ________ _______ use my mother’s cellphone.
4. We must send the sick man to the hospital.
_________________________________________________________
5. People mustn’t park private cars in this street.
Private cars_________ ______ _______ by people in this street.
am allowed to
The sick man must be sent to the hospital by us.
mustn’t be parked
Review the language points and grammar.
Preview Unit 3 Lesson 4.
Homework

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