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组合练11　四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空
(分值：40分)
Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
(2025·浙江杭州二模)
When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928，he found the bacteria cultures he had been growing were infected by fungus(霉菌)，killing any colonies it touched.Rather than simply starting over，Fleming switched his focus to the fungus.He identified the bacteria-killing substance，which he called “penicillin”，and seemingly in a single stroke，created the new field of antibiotics(抗生素)．
That’s how most people see innovation：A flash of brilliance and eureka，a new world is born.The truth，however，is messier.It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use.
To put Fleming’s discovery in context，consider Ignaz Semmelweis，who pioneered hand washing in maternity wards(产房)，significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame.That was because in the 1850s，his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory，which attributed disease to “bad airs”．After his death in 1865，germ theory was accepted，paving the way for Fleming’s later work.
Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator.When he published his results in 1929，few took notice.In 1935，Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper，understood its importance，and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity.By 1943，the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin，saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics.Fleming，Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin owes much of its success to government support.For many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet and GPS，their innovators，while carving their own path，are often uncertain of where the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations，who might have the resources to fast-track their ideas.So，look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the “eureka moment” breaks down.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述青霉素从被发现到广泛使用的发展历程，揭示了创新是一个复杂且漫长的过程。
1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．An account of a lab story.
B．Redefinition of a traditional view.
C．Correction of a popular misconception.
D．An analysis of a scientific phenomenon.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。第一段讲述弗莱明发现青霉素的过程；第二段的“That’s how most people see innovation...The truth，however，is messier.”讲述大多数人认为创新就是灵光一现，但事实却并非如此简单。综上可知，前两段主要是纠正人们认为的“创新是一蹴而就的”这种错误观念。故选C。
2．What is the message conveyed in paragraph 3
A．Great minds think alike.
B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Luck’s got your back when it comes to success.
D．Early work is a stepping stone to later breakthroughs.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段尤其最后一句“After his death in 1865，germ theory was accepted，paving the way for Fleming’s later work.”可推知，塞麦尔维斯早期的工作为后来弗莱明的突破奠定了基础，即早期工作是后来突破的垫脚石。故选D。
3．What does the underlined part “ushering in” in the paragraph 4 mean
A．Delaying. B．Introducing.
C．Predicting. D．Transforming.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段的“the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin”可知，大规模生产抗生素的结果是挽救了无数生命，并使得抗生素进入了新时代。所以画线部分“ushering in”的意思是“带来，开启”，与introduce意思一致，故选B。
4．Which of the following can be the best title
A．Great Innovations：Individuals Are True Heroes
B．From Failure to Success：the Story of Penicillin
C．The Lone Genius：Fleming’s Discovery of Penicillin
D．The Long Road to Penicillin：How Innovation Happens
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。文章主要通过讲述青霉素从被发现到得以广泛应用的发展历程，揭示了创新是一个漫长的过程。选项 D“通往青霉素的漫长道路：创新是如何发生的”概括了文章的主要内容，可作为短文的最佳标题，故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏南通二模)
I used to be a lifeguard and wanted to be a member of London 2012 volunteers.I figured there’d be thousands of 1 for the role，so I didn’t 2 to hear back.But，a few weeks later，I was invited to a two-day exam.It was 3 .There were knockout(淘汰) stages and I only got one 4 .When I passed，I felt disbelief.It never hit me that I could be 5 the top athletes in the world.
When you’re a lifeguard at the Olympics，you learn how to 6 everything from a suspected spinal injury to an asthma attack.You’re not a doctor，but you have the equipment and must be 7 .During my time at the Olympics，I 8 a few athletes who were so exhausted.We helped them out of the pool，making sure they were OK.I also 9 a couple of suspected broken noses in the water polo.
I didn’t remember the race because I was so focused on 10 each athlete’s movements to see if anything didn’t look right.When I saw athletes celebrate，I celebrated with them.When they 11 ，my heart broke for them.The Olympians 12 me—they knew I was there to 13 them.They’d sign autographs for me.
Today，I’m no longer a lifeguard.But whenever I watch the Olympics，I always 14 the lifeguards.There’s 15 going on behind the scenes that no one realizes.
1．A.sponsors B．applicants
C．consultants D．viewers
答案　B
解析　sponsor赞助者；applicant申请者；consultant顾问；viewer观众。根据前文“I used to be a lifeguard and wanted to be a member of London 2012 volunteers.”可知，会有数千名“申请者”竞争这个职位。故选B。
2．A.want B．manage
C．expect D．afford
答案　C
解析　want想要；manage勉力完成；expect期望；afford负担得起。根据前文“I figured there’d be thousands of for the role”可知，申请者众多，所以作者不“期望”能收到回复。故选C。
3．A.intense B．complicated
C．lengthy D．novel
答案　A
解析　intense激烈的，严肃紧张的；complicated复杂的；lengthy冗长的；novel新颖的。根据后文“There were knockout(淘汰) stages”可知，这次考试是“严肃紧张的”。故选A。
4．A.privilege B．dream
C．break D．chance
答案　D
解析　privilege特权；dream梦想；break休息；chance机会。根据前文“There were knockout(淘汰) stages”可知，考试有淘汰阶段，所以作者只有一次“机会”。故选D。
5．A.judging B．lifeguarding
C．guiding D．homeschooling
答案　B
解析　judge判断；lifeguard做救生员；guide指导；homeschool在家教育。根据前文“When I passed，I felt disbelief.”可知，作者在通过考试后不太相信自己，说明作者从未想过自己能为世界顶尖运动员“做救生员”。故选B。
6．A.handle B．document
C．predict D．forward
答案　A
解析　handle处理；document记录；predict预测；forward促进。根据后文“everything from a suspected spinal injury to an asthma attack”可知，奥运会的救生员要学习如何“处理”从疑似脊柱损伤到哮喘发作等各种情况。故选A。
7．A.ambitious B．innovative
C．prepared D．talkative
答案　C
解析　ambitious有野心的；innovative创新的；prepared做好准备的；talkative健谈的。根据前文“You’re not a doctor，but you have the equipment and must be .”可知，救生员虽然不是医生，但有设备并且必须是“做好准备的”。故选C。
8．A.replaced B．assisted
C．pushed D．covered
答案　B
解析　replace取代；assist帮助；push推动；cover覆盖。根据后文“We helped them out of the pool，making sure they were OK.” 可知，作者“帮助”了一些精疲力竭的运动员。故选B。
9．A.treated B．picked
C．studied D．noticed
答案　A
解析　treat治疗；pick挑选；study研究；notice注意到。根据后文“a couple of suspected broken noses in the water polo”可知，作者“治疗”了几个水球比赛中疑似鼻子骨折的病人。故选A。
10．A.copying B．checking
C．comparing D．correcting
答案　B
解析　copy复制；check检查；compare比较；correct纠正。根据前文“I was so focused on”以及后文“each athlete’s movements to see if anything didn’t look right”可知，作者非常专注于“检查”每个运动员的动作，看是否有不对劲的地方。故选B。
11．A.failed B．struggled
C．completed D．relaxed
答案　A
解析　fail失败；struggle挣扎；complete完成；relax放松。根据后文“my heart broke for them”可知，当他们“失败”时，作者为他们感到难过。故选A。
12．A.rated B．excused
C．valued D．tipped
答案　C
解析　rate评价；excuse原谅；value重视；tip给小费。根据前文描写的作者所做过的工作以及空前“The Olympians”可知，奥运选手们“重视”作者。故选C。
13．A.support B．admire
C．cheer D．liberate
答案　A
解析　support支持；admire钦佩；cheer欢呼；liberate解放。根据前文描写的作者作为救生员的工作以及奥运选手对作者的态度可知，他们知道作者在那里是为了“支持”他们。故选A。
14．A.look out for B．turn away from
C．take pity on D．make contact with
答案　A
解析　look out for留意；turn away from避开；take pity on同情；make contact with与……联系。根据前文介绍作者曾是奥运会救生员并结合语境可知，每当看奥运会时，作者总是会“留意”那些救生员。故选A。
15．A.hope B．cost
C．fun D．stuff
答案　D
解析　hope希望；cost花费；fun乐趣；stuff事情。根据语境以及下文“going on behind the scenes that no one realizes”可知，作者想说的是在幕后有一些没人意识到的“事情”发生。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·江西鹰潭二模)
For a pleasant smell that may remind you of a grandma’s garden，Shasta daisies are a common planting choice.1. (typical) hardy in USDA Zones 5 to 9，Shasta daisies start putting out flowers when spring gives way to summer，kicking off the sunny weather in style while playing host to butterflies.However，most varieties 2. Shasta daisies exhaust their blossoms from June to September，unless their petals(花瓣) are removed in time 3._________________(inspire) another life.
With white petals 4. (spread) out from yellow eye，Snowcap is a classic Shasta daisy 5. will reward you with large，single blooms from late spring through summer when planted in the sun.Besides，it has great drought 6. (resist)，meaning there’s no need to water the plant often.However，don’t forget to separate it every couple of years and give 7._____________(extra) to your gardening friends.
Another variety of the Shasta daisy is Becky.While over two-thirds of the plant’s length 8.__________(spare) for its flower alone，the big bloom won’t make 9. top-heavy，doing away with the need for additional supports.Better still，Becky’s flower season can last well into the fall，making it 10. perfect species to be planted next to Snowcap and lengthening the blooming season of the flowers in your garden.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沙斯塔雏菊这种植物，包括其耐寒区域、开花时间、吸引的生物，以及雪冠和贝基这两个品种的特征，如花朵形态、耐旱性、花期等，还提到了一些养护建议。
1．答案　Typically
解析　考查副词。空处修饰后面的形容词hardy(耐寒的)，需要用副词typically作状语，表示“通常地；一般地”。句首单词首字母大写。故填Typically。
2．答案　of
解析　考查介词。varieties of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”，故填of。
3．答案　to inspire
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处应用不定式作目的状语，表明及时摘掉花瓣的目的是激发雏菊再次开花。故填to inspire。
4．答案　spreading
解析　考查非谓语动词。本句是“with＋宾语＋宾补”的with复合结构。white petals与spread之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词spreading作宾语补足语。故填spreading。
5．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a classic Shasta daisy，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故填 that/which。
6．答案　resistance
解析　考查名词。空处需填名词作has的宾语，resist的名词形式resistance表示“抵抗力”，是不可数名词，drought resistance意为“抗旱能力”。故填resistance。
7．答案　extras
解析　考查名词复数。extra在此处意为“额外的事物；多余的东西”，是可数名词，根据句意可知，这里是说把分株后一些多余的雪冠植株送给朋友，所以用复数形式extras作宾语。故填extras。
8．答案　is spared
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句子描述的是贝基这种植物的一般特征，用一般现在时，over two-thirds of the plant’s length与spare之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是单数概念，be动词用is。故填is spared。
9．答案　it
解析　考查代词。句意：虽然超过三分之二的植株长度都只留给了它的花朵，但大的花朵并不会让植株头重脚轻，因此不需要额外的支撑。此处指代前面的the plant，应用代词it作make的宾语。故填it。
10．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。此处表示“一种完美的品种”，是泛指，且perfect的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。组合练11　四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空
(分值：40分)
Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)
(2025·浙江杭州二模)
When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928，he found the bacteria cultures he had been growing were infected by fungus(霉菌)，killing any colonies it touched.Rather than simply starting over，Fleming switched his focus to the fungus.He identified the bacteria-killing substance，which he called “penicillin”，and seemingly in a single stroke，created the new field of antibiotics(抗生素)．
That’s how most people see innovation：A flash of brilliance and eureka，a new world is born.The truth，however，is messier.It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use.
To put Fleming’s discovery in context，consider Ignaz Semmelweis，who pioneered hand washing in maternity wards(产房)，significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame.That was because in the 1850s，his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory，which attributed disease to “bad airs”．After his death in 1865，germ theory was accepted，paving the way for Fleming’s later work.
Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator.When he published his results in 1929，few took notice.In 1935，Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper，understood its importance，and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity.By 1943，the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin，saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics.Fleming，Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin owes much of its success to government support.For many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet and GPS，their innovators，while carving their own path，are often uncertain of where the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations，who might have the resources to fast-track their ideas.So，look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the “eureka moment” breaks down.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述青霉素从被发现到广泛使用的发展历程，揭示了创新是一个复杂且漫长的过程。
1．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．An account of a lab story.
B．Redefinition of a traditional view.
C．Correction of a popular misconception.
D．An analysis of a scientific phenomenon.
2．What is the message conveyed in paragraph 3
A．Great minds think alike.
B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Luck’s got your back when it comes to success.
D．Early work is a stepping stone to later breakthroughs.
3．What does the underlined part “ushering in” in the paragraph 4 mean
A．Delaying. B．Introducing.
C．Predicting. D．Transforming.
4．Which of the following can be the best title
A．Great Innovations：Individuals Are True Heroes
B．From Failure to Success：the Story of Penicillin
C．The Lone Genius：Fleming’s Discovery of Penicillin
D．The Long Road to Penicillin：How Innovation Happens
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏南通二模)
I used to be a lifeguard and wanted to be a member of London 2012 volunteers.I figured there’d be thousands of 1 for the role，so I didn’t 2 to hear back.But，a few weeks later，I was invited to a two-day exam.It was 3 .There were knockout(淘汰) stages and I only got one 4 .When I passed，I felt disbelief.It never hit me that I could be 5 the top athletes in the world.
When you’re a lifeguard at the Olympics，you learn how to 6 everything from a suspected spinal injury to an asthma attack.You’re not a doctor，but you have the equipment and must be 7 .During my time at the Olympics，I 8 a few athletes who were so exhausted.We helped them out of the pool，making sure they were OK.I also 9 a couple of suspected broken noses in the water polo.
I didn’t remember the race because I was so focused on 10 each athlete’s movements to see if anything didn’t look right.When I saw athletes celebrate，I celebrated with them.When they 11 ，my heart broke for them.The Olympians 12 me—they knew I was there to 13 them.They’d sign autographs for me.
Today，I’m no longer a lifeguard.But whenever I watch the Olympics，I always 14 the lifeguards.There’s 15 going on behind the scenes that no one realizes.
1．A.sponsors B．applicants
C．consultants D．viewers
2．A.want B．manage
C．expect D．afford
3．A.intense B．complicated
C．lengthy D．novel
4．A.privilege B．dream
C．break D．chance
5．A.judging B．lifeguarding
C．guiding D．homeschooling
6．A.handle B．document
C．predict D．forward
7．A.ambitious B．innovative
C．prepared D．talkative
8．A.replaced B．assisted
C．pushed D．covered
9．A.treated B．picked
C．studied D．noticed
10．A.copying B．checking
C．comparing D．correcting
11．A.failed B．struggled
C．completed D．relaxed
12．A.rated B．excused
C．valued D．tipped
13．A.support B．admire
C．cheer D．liberate
14．A.look out for B．turn away from
C．take pity on D．make contact with
15．A.hope B．cost
C．fun D．stuff
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·江西鹰潭二模)
For a pleasant smell that may remind you of a grandma’s garden，Shasta daisies are a common planting choice.1. (typical) hardy in USDA Zones 5 to 9，Shasta daisies start putting out flowers when spring gives way to summer，kicking off the sunny weather in style while playing host to butterflies.However，most varieties 2. Shasta daisies exhaust their blossoms from June to September，unless their petals(花瓣) are removed in time 3._________________(inspire) another life.
With white petals 4. (spread) out from yellow eye，Snowcap is a classic Shasta daisy 5. will reward you with large，single blooms from late spring through summer when planted in the sun.Besides，it has great drought 6. (resist)，meaning there’s no need to water the plant often.However，don’t forget to separate it every couple of years and give 7._____________(extra) to your gardening friends.
Another variety of the Shasta daisy is Becky.While over two-thirds of the plant’s length 8.__________(spare) for its flower alone，the big bloom won’t make 9. top-heavy，doing away with the need for additional supports.Better still，Becky’s flower season can last well into the fall，making it 10. perfect species to be planted next to Snowcap and lengthening the blooming season of the flowers in your garden.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沙斯塔雏菊这种植物，包括其耐寒区域、开花时间、吸引的生物，以及雪冠和贝基这两个品种的特征，如花朵形态、耐旱性、花期等，还提到了一些养护建议。

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