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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025-2026学年八年级英语下册8B Unit1 Past and present
(短文首字母填空精练)
话题：人与社会-变化和发展
基础篇
01
My hometown has changed a lot o 1 the years. In the p 2 , people lived in small and old houses. There were not many cars or buses. People u 3 to walk or ride bikes to go out.
Now great changes have t 4 place. Tall buildings stand everywhere. People can go around by bus, underground or car. The old park has been t 5 into a beautiful square. Many people take a walk there f 6 time to time.
However, there is a problem: the p 7 is becoming more serious. The river is not as clean as before. We must t 8 action to make our hometown cleaner and more beautiful. I hope we can live a happy life a 9 the time and love our hometown f 10 ever.
02
Transport has changed a lot over the years. In the past, most people went to school on f 1 or by bike. They got around the city by bus, which were often c 2 . For longer trips, they travelled by coach or t 3 .
Now, things are very d 4 . We have more choices. Going to school, students can take the bus, car, underground, or still walk or c 5 . Around the city, people use taxis, cars, buses, or the u 6 , which is fast and avoids traffic. To travel to other c 7 , we can take a comfortable coach, a modern high-speed train, or even a p 8 for very long distances.
These changes make travel more c 9 and efficient. It’s interesting to see how transport d 10 from the past to the present.
03
I love my hometown, it has changed a lot over the years. It is in the n 1 part of the country. Recently, it has changed a lot. The e 2 is much better now. The air is cleaner, and there are more green s 3 . This is great for people who love nature and want to enjoy outdoor activities, s 4 as travelling and visiting new places.
However, some people feel a bit l 5 because the city is growing fast and it’s hard to keep in t 6 with friends. A 7 , the changes are fantastic. There are more jobs and better facilities, like new shopping centers and d 8 kinds of restaurants.
Last weekend, I received an i 9 and was asked about these changes. I think the city is improving, e 10 some traffic problems. I hope we can continue to make it a better place to live.
培优篇
04
In the p 1 few years, great changes have taken place around us.The roads u 2 to be narrow and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 3 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 4 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river. Water p 5 was also a big problem.Nowadays, our living c 6 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can c 7 different types of transport to go anywhere. The g 8 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 9 into big beautiful houses. Moreover, mobile phones make c 10 much easier now. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colourful flowers.Our country is becoming richer and stronger. We are living a happy life.
05
In recent years, China has made great progress in transportation. In many big cities, the u 1 is a popular way to travel because it is fast and avoids traffic jams. Besides, the h 2 train has changed the way people travel between cities. It runs at a very high s 3 and saves a lot of time.
In the past, trains u 4 to be slower and more c 5 , but now they are much more c 6 . This is the result of continuous 7 in technology.
Shenzhen, a city in s 8 China, is known as a h 9 center. It is home to many companies and is considered a p 10 in the tech industry. Many giants like Huawei and Tencent have their headquarters there.
06
Haimen is a modern town now. Great changes have t 1 place over the past few years, including living conditions, transport, environment and people.
L 2 people used to live in old houses. They could only travel by bus. Now most of them have moved into new flats and there is a high-speed railway station in the s 3 part of the town. Most people are used to t 4 on business by high-speed railway. Moreover, the government has turned part of the town centre into a modern library. People often go there to relax t 5 after a hard day’s work.
Another big change is the environment. In the past, people d 6 litter everywhere. Waste from f 7 was put into rivers. The rivers were filled with waste. Now there are laws to limit and improve it. If people drop litter c 8 in public, they will be punished.
People in the town are trying to be polite citizens. More people are willing to give a hand if someone is in need. Daniel, a middle school student, is also a volunteer at the community centre now. He and his classmates often d 9 how to help people in need. He thinks his life is much more m 10 now.
07
I grew up in the countryside in Pudong, Shanghai. As a child, I spent most of my days in my own hometown.
In the p 1 , one of my school classmates lived fourteen kilometres away from the school. Every morning, she had to get up very e 2 to catch the first bus to get to school on time.
A trip to Puxi by bus was usually a holiday surprise b 3 it was very hard to visit it. Things c 4 a lot when Metro Line 8 came to my town. Since then even more metro lines have appeared in Pudong and the traffic c 5 has improved a lot. It is now easy for me and my townspeople to get to any place in Puxi. With more people now easily getting to places farther away, even more corners of the city are becoming much l 6 . As you see, it’s very fast, convenient and safe to take the metro. The metro has helped the city to d 7 in a better way.
However, after studying Shanghai’s geological structure, some foreign experts o 8 said that it was very difficult to build a metro line in the city. But today Shanghai is home to one of the world’s l 9 metro systems. As we get on our metro trains every morning, we might ask o 10 : What “impossibilities” in our own lives can we turn into “possibilities”
08
Living in the Taklimakan Desert brings daily challenges, from high temperatures to awful sandstorms. For those born and raised in this area, sports u 1 to be a dream. Now things are changing. When the 29th Farmers’ and Herders’ Games were held in Yutian County, Xinjiang in April, local athletes took part in competitions alongside the desert. Among them, a group of local women farmers s 2 like stars in the sky, and Aygul Metohti was one of them.
In the past, Aygul never i 3 playing sports with friends in her village. Villagers had no all-weather roads or mobile phone signals (信号). Visiting a neighbour often m 4 walking more than 10 kilometres across sandy hills. In 2019, the local g 5 helped the whole village move to a better living place as part of a poverty relief (脱贫) programme. Now, the village has tidy rows of brick houses with electricity, natural gas, the internet and green trees around.
On a school playground, Aygul leads the village’s first all-women Maire Ball team in their training period before the games. With one s 6 from Aygul at her gate, teammates, also neighbours, gather on the playground to practise. Three years ago, the newly formed team made everyone s 7 by winning the third place in the women’s Maire Ball competition at the 26th County Games.
B 8 medals, the sport has also helped form a fresh relationship. After matches, players share farm work, ride into town, and exchange gifts bought online. Encouraged by Aygul’s team, younger women in the village now ask h 9 they can play the sport.
“On the field, we move as one; off it, we are sisters.” Aygul said, “Life here can grow richer only by working c 10 with each other.” In a place which was lonely in the past, playing sports is developing communication and new chances among the moving sands.
09
Cities’ Development in China Over the past forty years, great changes have taken place in Chinese cities. Let’s take Guangzhou as an example. It has d 1 from a small trading city to a modern international metropolis. As a key city in southern China, it has a 2 millions of people from all over the country with its good job chances and comfortable living conditions.
The t 3 in Guangzhou has improved a lot. In the past, people mainly travelled by bus or bike, but now there are many underground lines, high-speed trains and airports, making it more c 4 for people to get around. The city has also built many parks, museums and theatres to enrich people’s cultural life. It is now an important cultural c 5 in the south. Innovation is at the h 6 of Guangzhou’s development. Many high-tech companies have set up offices here, and young talents from different fields come to work and create. Thanks to this, Guangzhou has made great a 7 in science and technology.
The environment in Guangzhou has become better too. More greenways and forests have been planted, so people can enjoy fresh air e 8 . The government has also taken measures to reduce pollution, making the city a better place to live.Guangzhou’s success is not an accident. It is the result of the government’s wise policies and the hard work of its c 9 . Today, Guangzhou is still growing fast and setting an example for other cities in China. It truly shows the power of China’s reform and opening up, and we believe its future will be even more w 10 .
10
Ten years ago, my hometown was like a black-and-white photo. The streets were n 1 , with bicycle bells “ding-ding-ding” and old men playing chess under trees. Today, it’s turned into a bright and colourful painting. The dirty paths became wide paved roads with trees and flowers on both sides. Last month, the high-speed railway station o 2 . My cousin in Shanghai can visit us in just 1 hour. It used to take my father 5 hours by bus. How l 3 our generation (一代人) are!
O 4 there was a smelly river behind our school. But now it becomes a clear stream with wooden walkways. Every spring, families have picnics under cherry blossom trees that volunteers planted in the park. My friends have fun playing sports, i 5 ping-pong, badminton, and so on.
Even Grandma uses smartphones. She video-calls cousins in Australia and buys groceries through apps. The new smart library near the square is my favourite spot. No librarians-just scan your ID, and the robot brings you b 6 !
But some things never change. The 500-year-old stone bridge s 7 stands proudly, protected as cultural heritage. Old tea houses now sell milk tea together with traditional longjing tea, m 8 old with new.
During some important festivals, people use many LED lanterns to f 9 different characters in the sky. Moreover, we set up shining drones (无人机). These cool new ways help us add old traditions to our m 10 lives.
I love my hometown’s progress and I’m glad we’re growing wisely, not just quickly.
参考答案
基础篇
01
My hometown has changed a lot o 1 the years. In the p 2 , people lived in small and old houses. There were not many cars or buses. People u 3 to walk or ride bikes to go out.
Now great changes have t 4 place. Tall buildings stand everywhere. People can go around by bus, underground or car. The old park has been t 5 into a beautiful square. Many people take a walk there f 6 time to time.
However, there is a problem: the p 7 is becoming more serious. The river is not as clean as before. We must t 8 action to make our hometown cleaner and more beautiful. I hope we can live a happy life a 9 the time and love our hometown f 10 ever.
【答案】
1．over/ver 2．past/ast 3．used/sed 4．taken/aken 5．turned/urned 6．from/rom 7．pollution/ollution 8．take/ake 9．all/ll 10．for/or
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，对比了家乡过去和现在的变化，指出了当前存在的污染问题，并呼吁采取行动保护家乡。
1．句意：这些年来，我的家乡变化很大。根据首字母“o”和“the years”可知，“over the years”是固定短语，意为“这些年来”，是现在完成时的标志短语。故填over。
2．句意：在过去，人们住在又小又旧的房子里。根据首字母“p”和后文“Now great changes…”的时间对比可知，“in the past”是固定短语，意为“在过去”。故填past。
3．句意：人们过去常常步行或骑自行车外出。根据首字母“u”和语境可知，“used to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“过去常常做某事”，与现在的交通方式形成对比。故填used。
4．句意：现在发生了巨大的变化。根据首字母“t”和“place”可知，“take place”是固定短语，意为“发生”。本句为现在完成时，“take”的过去分词是“taken”。故填taken。
5．句意：旧公园已经被改造成了一个美丽的广场。根据首字母“t”和“into”可知，“turn into”是固定短语，意为“变成；改造成”。本句为现在完成时的被动语态，“turn”的过去分词是“turned”。故填turned。
6．句意：许多人时不时地在那里散步。根据首字母“f”和“time to time”可知，“from time to time”是固定短语，意为“时不时；偶尔”。故填from。
7．句意：然而，有一个问题：污染正变得越来越严重。根据首字母“p”和“The river is not as clean as before.”可知，此处指“污染”问题，“pollution”是不可数名词，意为“污染”。故填pollution。
8．句意：我们必须采取行动使我们的家乡更干净、更美丽。根据首字母“t”和“action”可知，“take action”是固定短语，意为“采取行动”。情态动词“must”后接动词原形。故填take。
9．句意：我希望我们能一直过着幸福的生活，永远爱我们的家乡。根据首字母“a”和“the time”可知，“all the time”是固定短语，意为“一直；始终”。故填all。
10．句意：我希望我们能一直过着幸福的生活，永远爱我们的家乡。根据首字母“f”和“ever”可知，“for ever”是固定短语，意为“永远”。故填for。
02
Transport has changed a lot over the years. In the past, most people went to school on f 1 or by bike. They got around the city by bus, which were often c 2 . For longer trips, they travelled by coach or t 3 .
Now, things are very d 4 . We have more choices. Going to school, students can take the bus, car, underground, or still walk or c 5 . Around the city, people use taxis, cars, buses, or the u 6 , which is fast and avoids traffic. To travel to other c 7 , we can take a comfortable coach, a modern high-speed train, or even a p 8 for very long distances.
These changes make travel more c 9 and efficient. It’s interesting to see how transport d 10 from the past to the present.
【答案】
1．foot/oot 2．crowded/rowded 3．train/rain 4．different/ifferent 5．cycle/ycle 6．underground/nderground 7．cities/ities 8．plane/lane 9．convenient/onvenient 10．develops/evelops
【导语】本文介绍了过去和现在交通方式的变化。
1．句意：在过去，大多数人步行或骑自行车去上学。根据“or by bike”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说步行去上学，on foot“步行”，固定短语，故填foot。
2．句意：他们乘坐公共汽车在城市里四处走动，公共汽车经常很拥挤。根据“They got around the city by bus”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说公共汽车经常很拥挤，crowded“拥挤的”，形容词作表语，故填crowded。
3．句意：对于长途旅行，他们乘坐长途汽车或火车旅行。根据“For longer trips”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说乘坐长途汽车或火车旅行，train“火车”，by train“乘坐火车”，固定表达。故填train。
4．句意：现在，情况大不相同了。根据“We have more choices.”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说情况大不相同了，different“不同的”，形容词作表语，故填different。
5．句意：去上学，学生可以乘坐公共汽车、汽车、地铁，或者仍然步行或骑自行车。根据“walk or”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说步行或骑自行车，cycle“骑自行车”，动词，此处与walk并列，用动词原形，故填cycle。
6．句意：在城市里，人们使用出租车、汽车、公共汽车或地铁，地铁速度快，可以避开交通堵塞。根据“which is fast and avoids traffic”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说地铁，underground“地铁”，名词，故填underground。
7．句意：要去其他城市旅行，我们可以乘坐舒适的长途汽车、现代高速列车，甚至对于很长的距离，还可以乘坐飞机。根据“To travel to other”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说去其他城市旅行，city“城市”，可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填cities。
8．句意：要去其他城市旅行，我们可以乘坐舒适的长途汽车、现代高速列车，甚至对于很长的距离，还可以乘坐飞机。根据“for very long distances”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说乘坐飞机，plane“飞机”，可数名词，此处用单数形式表示泛指，故填plane。
9．句意：这些变化使旅行更加方便和高效。根据“These changes make travel more”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说使旅行更加方便，convenient“方便的”，形容词作表语，故填convenient。
10．句意：看到交通从过去到现在的发展是很有趣的。根据“from the past to the present”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说交通从过去到现在的发展，develop“发展”，动词，此处用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式，故填develops。
03
I love my hometown, it has changed a lot over the years. It is in the n 1 part of the country. Recently, it has changed a lot. The e 2 is much better now. The air is cleaner, and there are more green s 3 . This is great for people who love nature and want to enjoy outdoor activities, s 4 as travelling and visiting new places.
However, some people feel a bit l 5 because the city is growing fast and it’s hard to keep in t 6 with friends. A 7 , the changes are fantastic. There are more jobs and better facilities, like new shopping centers and d 8 kinds of restaurants.
Last weekend, I received an i 9 and was asked about these changes. I think the city is improving, e 10 some traffic problems. I hope we can continue to make it a better place to live.
【答案】
1．(n)orthern/(n)orthwestern/(n)ortheastern 2．(e)nvironment 3．(s)paces 4．(s)uch 5．(l)onely 6．(t)ouch 7．(A)nyway 8．(d)ifferent 9．(i)nterview 10．(e)xcept
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家乡近年来的变化，包括环境的改善、设施的增多以及一些随之而来的问题。
1．句意：它位于国家的北部/西北部/东北部。空处位于名词part前，填形容词作定语。根据“of the country”和首字母提示可知，作者家乡在北部或西北部或东北部。northern“北方的”，northwestern“西北方的”，northeastern“东北方的”，都是形容词。故填(n)orthern/(n)orthwestern/(n)ortheastern。
2．句意：现在环境好多了。空处位于is前，填名词作主语。根据“The air is cleaner”和首字母提示可知，此处指环境好多了。environment“环境”，不可数名词。故填(e)nvironment。
3．句意：空气更清新，有更多的绿化用地。空处位于形容词green后，be动词用的are，填可数名词复数作主语。根据“there are more green”和首字母提示可知，此处指有更多的绿化用地。space“场地”，可数名词，复数为spaces。故填(s)paces。
4．句意：这对于热爱自然和想要享受像旅行和参观新地方等户外活动的人来说很棒。根据“travelling and visiting new places.”和首字母提示可知，此处表示举例说明。such as“例如”。故填(s)uch。
5．句意：然而，有些人感到有点孤独，因为城市发展很快，很难与朋友保持联系。空处位于feel a bit后，填形容词作表语。根据“the city is growing fast”和首字母提示可知，城市发展过快，人们感到孤独。lonely“孤独的”，形容词。故填(l)onely。
6．句意：然而，有些人感到有点孤独，因为城市发展很快，很难与朋友保持联系。根据“some people feel a bit lonely”和“because the city is growing fast”和首字母提示可知，城市发展过快，与朋友保持联系有些困难。keep in touch with sb“与……保持联系”。故填(t)ouch。
7．句意：无论如何，这些变化是极好的。根据“the changes are fantastic”和首字母提示可知，无论怎样，有变化都是好的。anyway“无论如何”，副词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填(A)nyway。
8．句意：有更多的工作和更好的设施，比如新的购物中心和不同种类的餐馆。空处位于名词kinds前，填形容词作定语。根据“kinds of restaurants”和首字母提示可知，此处指不同种类的餐馆。different“不同的”，形容词。故填(d)ifferent。
9．句意：上周末，我接受了一个采访，被问及这些变化。空处位于an后，填可数名词单数作宾语。根据“was asked about these changes”和首字母提示可知，此处指接受采访。interview“采访”，可数名词。故填(i)nterview。
10．句意：我认为城市正在改善，除了一些交通问题。根据“some traffic problems”和首字母提示可知，此处表示除了交通问题没有改善，其余都有改善。except“除了”，介词。故填(e)xcept。
培优篇
04
In the p 1 few years, great changes have taken place around us.The roads u 2 to be narrow and crowded (拥挤的). The houses were old and small. There was r 3 everywhere. And the air wasn’t f 4 enough. There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river. Water p 5 was also a big problem.Nowadays, our living c 6 have improved a lot. The roads are wide and clean. It’s really easy for people to go out. We can c 7 different types of transport to go anywhere. The g 8 has also built many tall buildings. Most of us have m 9 into big beautiful houses. Moreover, mobile phones make c 10 much easier now. The sky is blue and the cloud is white. Our hometown looks like a big garden with green trees and colourful flowers.Our country is becoming richer and stronger. We are living a happy life.
【答案】
1．past/ast 2．used/sed 3．rubbish/ubbish 4．fresh/resh 5．pollution/ollution 6．conditions/onditions 7．choose/hoose 8．government/overnment 9．moved/oved 10．communication/ommunication
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了近些年我们周边生活环境发生的巨大变化，对比了过去脏乱差的生活状况与如今便捷、优美的生活环境，体现出国家日益繁荣富强，人们生活愈发幸福。
1．句意：在过去的几年里，我们周围发生了巨大的变化。根据“great changes have taken place”及首字母p提示，此处指过去的几年，past“过去的”，in the past few years“在过去的几年里”，为固定搭配，故填past。
2．句意：道路过去又窄又拥挤。根据“to be narrow and crowded”及首字母u提示，此处指过去是，used“过去常常”，used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，为固定搭配，故填used。
3．句意：到处都是垃圾。根据“There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river.”及首字母r提示，过去的环境很差，所以此处指垃圾，rubbish“垃圾”，为不可数名词，故填rubbish。
4．句意：空气也不够清新。根据“There was a paper factory near our school. It often put the waste into the river.”及首字母f提示，过去的环境很差，所以此处指空气不够清新，fresh“清新的”，形容词作表语，故填fresh。
5．句意：水污染也是一个大问题。根据“It often put the waste into the river.”及首字母p提示，此处指水污染，pollution“污染”，water pollution“水污染”，为固定搭配，pollution为不可数名词，故填pollution。
6．句意：如今，我们的生活条件改善了很多。根据“have improved a lot”及首字母c提示，此处指生活条件，condition“条件”，为可数名词，结合语境应用复数形式conditions，living conditions“生活条件”，故填conditions。
7．句意：我们可以选择不同的交通工具去任何地方。根据“different types of transport to go anywhere”及首字母c提示，此处指选择，choose“选择”，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填choose。
8．句意：政府也建了很多高楼。根据“has also built many tall buildings”及首字母g提示，此处指政府，government“政府”，为可数名词，结合语境用单数形式，故填government。
9．句意：我们大多数人都搬进了漂亮的大房子里。根据“into big beautiful houses”及首字母m提示，此处指搬进，move“移动，搬迁”，move into“搬进”，结合语境可知句子用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，move的过去分词为moved，故填moved。
10．句意：此外，手机现在让交流变得容易多了。根据“mobile phones make”及首字母c提示，此处指交流，communication“交流”，为不可数名词，作宾语，故填communication。
05
In recent years, China has made great progress in transportation. In many big cities, the u 1 is a popular way to travel because it is fast and avoids traffic jams. Besides, the h 2 train has changed the way people travel between cities. It runs at a very high s 3 and saves a lot of time.
In the past, trains u 4 to be slower and more c 5 , but now they are much more c 6 . This is the result of continuous 7 in technology.
Shenzhen, a city in s 8 China, is known as a h 9 center. It is home to many companies and is considered a p 10 in the tech industry. Many giants like Huawei and Tencent have their headquarters there.
【答案】
1．underground/nderground 2．high-speed/igh-speed 3．speed/peed 4．used/sed 5．crowded/rowded 6．convenient/onvenient 7．innovation/nnovation 8．southern/outhern 9．high-tech/igh-tech 10．pioneer/ioneer
【导语】本文主要介绍了近年来中国交通领域的巨大发展，并以深圳为例，展现了中国在科技与高新技术产业方面的突出成就。
1．句意：在许多大城市，地铁是很受欢迎的出行方式，因为它速度快，还能避开交通拥堵。根据“In many big cities, the...is a popular way to travel because it is fast and avoids traffic jams.”以及首字母提示可知，城市中快速且不拥堵的公共交通是地铁，underground“地铁”，名词。故填underground。
2．句意：此外，高铁改变了人们在城市间出行的方式。根据“Besides, the...train has changed the way people travel between cities.”以及首字母提示可知，城市间高速行驶的列车为高铁，high-speed“高速的”，形容词，修饰名词train。故填high-speed。
3．句意：它运行速度非常快，节省了很多时间。根据“It runs at a very high...and saves a lot of time.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指列车行驶的速度，speed“速度”，名词，at a high speed为固定搭配，表示“以高速”。故填speed。
4．句意：在过去，火车往往速度更慢，也更拥挤，但现在它们方便多了。根据“In the past, trains...to be slower and more crowded.”以及首字母提示可知，此处描述过去的状态，used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，为固定结构。故填used。
5．句意：在过去，火车往往速度更慢，也更拥挤，但现在它们方便多了。根据“In the past, trains used to be slower and more...”以及首字母提示可知，过去火车人多，空间不足，很拥挤，crowded“拥挤的”，形容词。故填crowded。
6．句意：在过去，火车往往速度更慢，也更拥挤，但现在它们方便得多了。根据“but now they are much more...”以及首字母提示可知，如今的交通出行更加便利，convenient“方便的，便利的”，形容词。故填convenient。
7．句意：这是技术不断创新的结果。根据“This is the result of continuous...in technology.”以及首字母提示可知，交通发展源于技术的持续创新，innovation“创新”，是不可数名词。故填innovation。
8．句意：深圳是中国南方的一座城市，它被称作高科技中心。根据“Shenzhen, a city in…China.”以及首字母提示可知，深圳位于中国南部地区，southern“南方的”，形容词，修饰名词China。故填southern。
9．句意：深圳是中国南方的一座城市，它被称作高科技中心。根据“is known as a...center.”以及首字母提示可知，深圳以高新技术产业闻名，high-tech“高科技的”，形容词，修饰名词center。故填high-tech。
10．句意：这里有众多企业，被视为科技行业的先锋。根据“It is home to many companies and is considered a…in the tech industry.”以及首字母提示可知，深圳在科技领域起到引领作用，是先锋，pioneer“先锋，先驱”，是可数名词，a后接单数名词。故填pioneer。
06
Haimen is a modern town now. Great changes have t 1 place over the past few years, including living conditions, transport, environment and people.
L 2 people used to live in old houses. They could only travel by bus. Now most of them have moved into new flats and there is a high-speed railway station in the s 3 part of the town. Most people are used to t 4 on business by high-speed railway. Moreover, the government has turned part of the town centre into a modern library. People often go there to relax t 5 after a hard day’s work.
Another big change is the environment. In the past, people d 6 litter everywhere. Waste from f 7 was put into rivers. The rivers were filled with waste. Now there are laws to limit and improve it. If people drop litter c 8 in public, they will be punished.
People in the town are trying to be polite citizens. More people are willing to give a hand if someone is in need. Daniel, a middle school student, is also a volunteer at the community centre now. He and his classmates often d 9 how to help people in need. He thinks his life is much more m 10 now.
【答案】
1．taken/aken 2．Local/ocal 3．southern/outhern 4．travelling/ravelling 5．themselves/hemselves 6．dropped/ropped 7．factories/actories 8．carelessly/arelessly 9．discuss/iscuss 10．meaningful/eaningful
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了海门镇近年来的巨大变化，包括生活条件、交通、环境和人们行为习惯的改变。
1．句意：在过去的几年里，这里发生了巨大的变化，包括居住条件、交通、环境和人们的生活。固定搭配 take place（发生）与时间状语 “over the past few years” 及助动词 “have” 共同提示需用现在完成时 have taken。首字母 t对应 taken。
2．句意：当地人过去常常住在老房子里。上下文均围绕 Haimen 这一地点展开，空格后为 people，需形容词修饰。首字母 L 及文意指向当地居民，故填 Local。
3．句意：现在他们大多数人都搬进了新公寓，而且在城镇的南部有一个高铁站。结构 “in the ... part of the town” 需填方位词。根据常识，高铁站常设于城市外围特定区域，首字母 s 提示可能为 south 或其派生词。结合名词 part 前需形容词修饰，故填 southern。
4．句意：大多数人习惯乘高铁出差。短语 “be used to” 此处意为“习惯于”，后接动名词 doing。句意 “on business by high-speed railway” 明确指向“出行”这一行为，首字母 t 对应 travelling。
5．句意：人们在辛苦工作一天后，经常去那里放松自己。主语 “People” 与 “relax” 的对象一致，需用反身代词表示“他们自己”。首字母 t 及主语复数形式共同提示填 themselves。
6．句意：在过去，人们到处乱扔垃圾。固定搭配 “drop litter” 意为“乱扔垃圾”。时间状语 “In the past” 确定时态为一般过去时，首字母 d 对应 dropped。
7．句意：来自工厂的废弃物被排入河流。结构 “Waste from...” 表明废物来源。后文 “put into rivers” 及 “filled with waste” 暗示污染可能源于工业。首字母 f 及上下文逻辑提示填 factories，用复数表泛指。
8．句意：如果人们在公共场所随意乱扔垃圾，他们将会受到惩罚。 此处需副词修饰动词 “drop”。后果 “will be punished” 表明行为是不被允许的。首字母 c 提示填 carelessly，符合语境。
9．句意：他和他的同学们经常讨论如何帮助有需要的人。主语 “He and his classmates” 为复数，谓语需动词原形。后接的 “how to help people” 是讨论的内容，首字母 d 及语义提示填 discuss。
10．句意：他认为自己的生活现在变得更有意义了。结构 “much more” 后接形容词原级构成比较。全文描述城镇与个人生活的积极变化，首字母 m 及积极语义指向 meaningful。
07
I grew up in the countryside in Pudong, Shanghai. As a child, I spent most of my days in my own hometown.
In the p 1 , one of my school classmates lived fourteen kilometres away from the school. Every morning, she had to get up very e 2 to catch the first bus to get to school on time.
A trip to Puxi by bus was usually a holiday surprise b 3 it was very hard to visit it. Things c 4 a lot when Metro Line 8 came to my town. Since then even more metro lines have appeared in Pudong and the traffic c 5 has improved a lot. It is now easy for me and my townspeople to get to any place in Puxi. With more people now easily getting to places farther away, even more corners of the city are becoming much l 6 . As you see, it’s very fast, convenient and safe to take the metro. The metro has helped the city to d 7 in a better way.
However, after studying Shanghai’s geological structure, some foreign experts o 8 said that it was very difficult to build a metro line in the city. But today Shanghai is home to one of the world’s l 9 metro systems. As we get on our metro trains every morning, we might ask o 10 : What “impossibilities” in our own lives can we turn into “possibilities”
【答案】
1．past/ast 2．early/arly 3．because/ecause 4．changed/hanged 5．condition/ondition 6．livelier/ivelier 7．develop/evelop 8．once/nce 9．largest/argest 10．ourselves/urselves
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了上海浦东因为地铁的出现，出行变得比以前便利多了。
1．句意：过去，我的一个同班同学住在离学校十四公里远的地方。根据后文“one of my school classmates lived fourteen kilometres away from the school. Every morning, she had to get up very...”可知，此处指“过去”，in the past为固定短语，意为“在过去”。故填past。
2．句意：每天早晨，她必须起得很早才能赶上第一班公交车，以便准时到校。根据“lived fourteen kilometres away from the school”和“to catch the first bus to get to school on time”可知，需要“早起”才能赶上第一班公交车。故填early。
3．句意：乘公交车去浦西一趟通常是个节日般的惊喜，因为去那里很难。根据“A trip to Puxi by bus was usually a holiday surprise”与“it was very hard to visit it”可知，乘公交车去浦西一趟通常是个节日般的惊喜，去那里很难，前后分句之间为因果关系，后半句表原因。故填because。
4．句意：当8号线地铁来到我的城镇时，情况改变了很多。根据后文“Since then even more metro lines have appeared in Pudong and the traffic...has improved a lot.”可知，地铁8号线开通后情况“改变”了，change“改变”，结合语境，时态为一般过去时。故填changed。
5．句意：从那时起，浦东出现了更多地铁线路，交通状况改善了很多。根据“more metro lines have appeared”和“improved a lot”可知，此处指“交通状况”，traffic condition为固定搭配，意为“交通状况”。故填condition。
6．句意：随着现在更多人能轻松到达更远的地方，城市的更多角落正变得更热闹得多。根据“With more people now easily getting to places farther away, even more corners of the city are becoming much...”可知，城市角落变得“更热闹”，much后接形容词比较级，lively的比较级为livelier。故填livelier。
7．句意：地铁帮助城市以更好的方式发展。根据“The metro has helped the city to...in a better way”可知，地铁帮助城市以更好的方式发展，此处指“发展”，help sb to do sth中to后接动词原形。故填develop。
8．句意：然而，在研究过上海的地质结构后，一些外国专家曾经说在这座城市修建地铁线非常困难。根据However的转折以及“some foreign experts...said that it was very difficult to build a metro line in the city”，结合后文“But today Shanghai is home to one of the world’s...metro systems.”可知，此处指专家“曾经”这么说。故填once。
9．句意：但今天的上海拥有世界上最庞大地铁系统之一。根据“But today Shanghai is home to one of the world’s...metro systems.”可知，上海的地铁系统应该是世界上“最大的”之一，one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数为固定结构，意为“最······的······之一”，large的最高级为largest。故填largest。
10．句意：当我们每天早上登上地铁列车时，我们可能会问自己：我们自己生活中的哪些“不可能”可以变成“可能”呢？根据“we might ask”和“What ‘impossibilities’ in our own lives can we turn into ‘possibilities’ ”可知，是“问我们自己”，we的反身代词为ourselves。故填ourselves。
08
Living in the Taklimakan Desert brings daily challenges, from high temperatures to awful sandstorms. For those born and raised in this area, sports u 1 to be a dream. Now things are changing. When the 29th Farmers’ and Herders’ Games were held in Yutian County, Xinjiang in April, local athletes took part in competitions alongside the desert. Among them, a group of local women farmers s 2 like stars in the sky, and Aygul Metohti was one of them.
In the past, Aygul never i 3 playing sports with friends in her village. Villagers had no all-weather roads or mobile phone signals (信号). Visiting a neighbour often m 4 walking more than 10 kilometres across sandy hills. In 2019, the local g 5 helped the whole village move to a better living place as part of a poverty relief (脱贫) programme. Now, the village has tidy rows of brick houses with electricity, natural gas, the internet and green trees around.
On a school playground, Aygul leads the village’s first all-women Maire Ball team in their training period before the games. With one s 6 from Aygul at her gate, teammates, also neighbours, gather on the playground to practise. Three years ago, the newly formed team made everyone s 7 by winning the third place in the women’s Maire Ball competition at the 26th County Games.
B 8 medals, the sport has also helped form a fresh relationship. After matches, players share farm work, ride into town, and exchange gifts bought online. Encouraged by Aygul’s team, younger women in the village now ask h 9 they can play the sport.
“On the field, we move as one; off it, we are sisters.” Aygul said, “Life here can grow richer only by working c 10 with each other.” In a place which was lonely in the past, playing sports is developing communication and new chances among the moving sands.
【答案】
1．used/sed 2．shone/hone 3．imagined/magined 4．meant/eant 5．government/overnment 6．shout/out/signal/ignal 7．surprised/urprised 8．Beyond/eyond/Besides/esides 9．how/ow 10．closely/losely
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的村民艾古丽和第一支女子排球队的故事，展现了体育如何改变当地人的生活、促进团结和创造新机遇。
1．句意：对于那些在这里出生和长大的人来说，体育运动曾经是一个梦想。根据时间状语“now things are changing”和语境可知，此处是与“现在”对比，描述过去的状况。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，固定搭配。故填used。
2．句意：其中，一群当地女农民像天空中的星星一样闪耀，艾古丽就是其中之一。根据“like stars in the sky”可知，此处需要表示“闪耀、出众”的词。shine发光，过去式为shone，符合语境。故填shone。
3．句意：过去，艾古丽从未想象过能和村里的朋友们一起做运动。根据“In the past”和下文描述过去的艰苦条件可知，她“从未想象过”。imagine doing sth.为固定搭配，时态为一般过去时。故填imagined。
4．句意：拜访邻居通常意味着要步行超过10公里穿过沙丘。此处描述过去拜访邻居这件事的性质或结果是什么。mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，时态为一般过去时。故填meant。
5．句意：2019年，当地政府作为扶贫计划的一部分，帮助整个村庄搬迁到了更好的居住地。根据“helped the whole village move”和“poverty relief programme”可知，执行帮助搬迁的主体应是“政府”。government政府，为可数名词。故填government。
6．句意：艾古丽在她家门口一声喊/发出一个信号，队友们，也是邻居们，就聚集到操场上练习。根据“at her gate”和“gather on the playground”可知，这是召唤队友的信号。shout喊叫，为可数名词；signal信号，为可数名词；one后面接单数形式。故填shout/signal。
7．句意：三年前，这支新成立的球队在县运动会上获得了第三名，让每个人都感到惊讶。make sb. adj.为固定搭配，意为“让某人……”。根据“by winning the third place”可知，取得好成绩是让人“惊讶”的结果。surprised感到惊讶的，形容词。故填surprised。
8．句意：除了奖牌，这项运动还有助于形成一种新鲜的关系。根据“medals, the sport has also helped…”可知，句意递进，表示“除了奖牌之外还有别的好处”。beyond/besides为介词，表示“除……之外（还有）”。位于句首需大写首字母。故填Beyond/Besides。
9．句意：在艾古丽球队的鼓舞下，村里更年轻的妇女现在问她们如何能玩这项运动。根据“they can play the sport”可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句中成分完整，缺少表示方式“如何”的连接副词。故填how。
10．句意：只有通过彼此密切合作，这里的生活才能变得更富裕。根据“working… with each other”可知，需要副词修饰动词working。close的副词形式为closely，表示“紧密地、密切地”。故填closely。
09
Cities’ Development in China Over the past forty years, great changes have taken place in Chinese cities. Let’s take Guangzhou as an example. It has d 1 from a small trading city to a modern international metropolis. As a key city in southern China, it has a 2 millions of people from all over the country with its good job chances and comfortable living conditions.
The t 3 in Guangzhou has improved a lot. In the past, people mainly travelled by bus or bike, but now there are many underground lines, high-speed trains and airports, making it more c 4 for people to get around. The city has also built many parks, museums and theatres to enrich people’s cultural life. It is now an important cultural c 5 in the south. Innovation is at the h 6 of Guangzhou’s development. Many high-tech companies have set up offices here, and young talents from different fields come to work and create. Thanks to this, Guangzhou has made great a 7 in science and technology.
The environment in Guangzhou has become better too. More greenways and forests have been planted, so people can enjoy fresh air e 8 . The government has also taken measures to reduce pollution, making the city a better place to live.Guangzhou’s success is not an accident. It is the result of the government’s wise policies and the hard work of its c 9 . Today, Guangzhou is still growing fast and setting an example for other cities in China. It truly shows the power of China’s reform and opening up, and we believe its future will be even more w 10 .
【答案】
1．developed/evelop 2．attracted/ttracted 3．transport/ransport 4．convenient/onvenient 5．centre/entre 6．heart/eart 7．achievements/chievements 8．easily/asily 9．citizens/itizens 10．wonderful/onderful
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国城市（以广州为例）在过去40年间的巨大发展变化。
1．句意：它已经从一个小型贸易城市发展成为一个现代化的国际大都市。根据“from a small trading city to a modern international metropolis.”及首字母提示可知，是从小型贸易城市发展成为国际大都市，develop“发展”，根据has可知，时态为现在完成时，develop的过去分词为developed。故填developed。
2．句意：作为中国南方的重要城市，它以良好的工作机会和舒适的生活条件吸引了来自全国各地的数百万人。根据“millions of people from all over the country with its good job chances and comfortable living conditions”及首字母提示可知，是吸引了数百万人，attract“吸引”，时态为现在完成时，attract的过去分词为attracted。故填attracted。
3．句意：广州的交通状况有了很大改善。根据“people mainly travelled by bus or bike, but now there are many underground lines, high-speed trains and airports,”及首字母提示可知，是交通有了很大改善，transport“交通”，名词作主语。故填transport。
4．句意：过去，人们主要乘坐公共汽车或自行车旅行，但现在有许多地铁、高速列车和机场，使人们出行更加方便。根据“but now there are many underground lines, high-speed trains and airports,”可知，地铁、高速列车和机场是让出行更加方便，convenient“方便的”，形容词作宾语补足语。故填convenient。
5．句意：它现在是南方重要的文化中心。根据“an important cultural...”及首字母提示可知，是重要的文化中心，centre“中心”，an修饰用可数名词单数形式。故填centre。
6．句意：创新是广州发展的核心。根据首字母提示可知，应表达at the heart of“在……中心”，固定搭配。故填heart。
7．句意：正因为如此，广州在科学技术方面取得了巨大成就。根据“made great a...in science and technology.”可知，是在科学技术方面取得很大成就，achievement“成就”，用可数名词复数形式泛指成就。故填achievements。
8．句意：种植了更多的绿道和森林，所以人们可以很容易地享受新鲜空气。根据“More greenways and forests have been planted”及首字母提示可知，是人们可以很容易地享受新鲜空气，easily“容易地”，副词修饰动词enjoy。故填easily。
9．句意：这是政府明智政策和公民辛勤工作的结果。根据“the hard work”及首字母提示可知，是公民的辛勤工作，citizen“公民”，用可数名词复数形式表泛指。故填citizens。
10．句意：它真实地展示了中国改革开放的力量，我们相信它的未来会更加美好。根据“It truly shows the power of China’s reform and opening up,”及首字母提示可知，是相信未来会更美好，wonderful“美好的”，形容词作表语。故填wonderful。
10
Ten years ago, my hometown was like a black-and-white photo. The streets were n 1 , with bicycle bells “ding-ding-ding” and old men playing chess under trees. Today, it’s turned into a bright and colourful painting. The dirty paths became wide paved roads with trees and flowers on both sides. Last month, the high-speed railway station o 2 . My cousin in Shanghai can visit us in just 1 hour. It used to take my father 5 hours by bus. How l 3 our generation (一代人) are!
O 4 there was a smelly river behind our school. But now it becomes a clear stream with wooden walkways. Every spring, families have picnics under cherry blossom trees that volunteers planted in the park. My friends have fun playing sports, i 5 ping-pong, badminton, and so on.
Even Grandma uses smartphones. She video-calls cousins in Australia and buys groceries through apps. The new smart library near the square is my favourite spot. No librarians-just scan your ID, and the robot brings you b 6 !
But some things never change. The 500-year-old stone bridge s 7 stands proudly, protected as cultural heritage. Old tea houses now sell milk tea together with traditional longjing tea, m 8 old with new.
During some important festivals, people use many LED lanterns to f 9 different characters in the sky. Moreover, we set up shining drones (无人机). These cool new ways help us add old traditions to our m 10 lives.
I love my hometown’s progress and I’m glad we’re growing wisely, not just quickly.
【答案】
1．narrow/arrow 2．opened/pened 3．lucky/ucky 4．Once/nce 5．including/ncluding 6．books/ooks 7．still/till 8．mixing/ixing 9．form/orm 10．modern/odern
【导语】本文描述了作者家乡十年间的巨大变化，从过去的单调落后到现在的现代化繁荣，同时保留了一些传统文化特色。
1．句意：十年前，我的家乡就像一张黑白照片。街道很窄，自行车铃“叮叮叮”响，老人们在树下下棋。根据“The streets were”可知需用形容词作表语，结合首字母提示可知，单词narrow“狭窄的”符合句意。故填narrow。
2．句意：上个月，高铁站开通了。根据“the high-speed railway station”可知需用动词作谓语，结合首字母提示可知，单词open“开放”符合句意，又因时间状语为last month，故用过去式形式。故填opened。
3．句意：我们这一代人多么幸运啊！根据“How…our generation are”可知需用形容词作表语，结合首字母提示可知，单词lucky“幸运的”符合句意，又因感叹句结构，故用形容词原级形式。故填lucky。
4．句意：曾经我们学校后面有一条臭河。根据“there was”可知需用时间副词，结合首字母提示，单词Once“曾经”符合句意，又因句首需要大写，故用首字母大写形式。故填Once。
5．句意：我的朋友们喜欢运动，包括乒乓球、羽毛球等等。根据“playing sports”可知需用介词表示包含关系，单词includ“包括”符合句意，又因后接名词性短语，故用介词形式。故填including。
6．句意：扫描你的身份证，机器人就会给你带来书！根据“the robot brings you”可知需用名词作宾语，结合首字母提示可知，单词book“书”符合句意，又因泛指概念，故用复数形式。故填books。
7．句意：500年的石桥仍然骄傲地矗立着。根据“stands proudly”可知需用副词修饰动词，结合首字母提示可知，副词still“仍然”符合句意，表示持续状态，故填still。
8．句意：老茶馆现在既卖奶茶又卖传统龙井茶，新旧交融。根据“old with new”可知，此处指“新旧交融”，结合首字母“m”，mixing“融合”，现在分词作伴随状语。故填mixing。
9．句意：在一些重要节日，人们用许多LED灯笼在天空中形成不同图案。根据“different characters in the sky”可知需用动词作谓语，结合首字母提示可知，单词form“形成”符合句意，use sth. do to do sth.“使用某物做某事”，故空处用原形形式。故填form。
10．句意：这些酷炫的新方式帮助我们为现代生活增添传统元素。根据“our…lives”可知需用形容词作定语，结合首字母提示可知，形容词modern“现代的”符合句意，修饰名词lives。故填modern。
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