资源简介

(共31张PPT)
A green world
牛津译林版 八年级下册
Unit 8
Reading
Part 1
Tasks：
1. Fast Reading：to get the structure and main idea
2. Careful Reading：to get some details
3. Retell the text
4. Game time * 2
Part 2
Reading
Careful reading
Fast reading
Structure
Key Sentences
___________________
___________________
_______________
_________
____________
______________
Careful reading
Fast reading
Structure
Key Sentences
1 I love Switzerland.
2 In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
3 Our government has many laws to protect the environment.
4 Nature is our greatest treasure.
5 Today is 5 June, World Environment Day.
I love Switzerland. It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes. It is beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way.
Reading
Listen carefully and tell us the words we just have learnt.
Main idea：Switzerland is a country with mountains and lakes.
plastic
义
n. 塑料
separate
义
vt. &vi. 分开，隔开
辩
separate
把两者隔开、分离
divide
把一个整体分成几个
义
形
n. 回收利用，循环利用
recycle v.
recycling
In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled. I learnt about an organization for recycling clothes. It collects old clothes from all over the country. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling. My family and I often send our old jeans and T-shirts to this organization.
Reading
Main idea：Something can be separated into different groups and then recycled, such as old clothes and shoes.
义
配
砍倒
cut in 插嘴；打断
cut out 裁剪
cut off 切断
cut up 切碎
cut down
义
vt. 处罚，惩罚
punish
缀
-ment n.
形
punishment n.
义
配
vt. 罚款
fine sb some money
给某人罚款
get fined 被罚款
fine
义
vt. 限制
limit
缀
-tion n.
-ed adj./v.ed
un- negative prefix
形
limitation n.
limited adj.
unlimited adj.
义
vt. 允许
allow
配
allow sb. to do sth.
Our government has many laws to protect the environment. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, we will be punished. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police. There are also laws to limit air and water pollution.
Reading
Main idea：The government has many laws to protect the environment and limit pollution.
用肢体表演三种动物，不能说话，同学们猜对即可过关。
Game time
punish
Cut apart the fruit
玩法：任意说出落下水果的单词意思。
目标：检验新学单词的识记情况。
separate
reduce
serious
limit
allow
cut down
separate
fine
recycling
plastic
fine
plastic
Game time
义
配
vi. 依靠，依赖，指望
dependent adj.
dependence n.
independent adj.
independence n.
depend
义
依靠；取决于
depend on/upon
缀
-t → -ce
in- 否定前缀
义
配
adj. 丰富的；富有的
richer/more rich
richest/most richest
rich
义
n. 资源
resource
形
source n.
义
形
adv. 明智地，充满智慧地
wise adj.
wisdom n.
wisely
义
用完，耗尽
run out
配
sth run out 某物用完
run out of sth. 用完某物
run after 追逐
run away 逃跑
run into 意外遇见
义
形
vt. 导致，产生
producer n.
product n.
production n.
produce
Nature is our greatest treasure. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. Luckily, we are starting to use energy from the sun, wind and water. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. Moreover, they produce little pollution.
Reading
Main idea：We are starting to use energy from nature to produce little pollution.
义
n. 差异，不同(之处)
difference
形
differ v.
different adj.
配
make a difference (to sb/sth)
(对...)有影响，起作用
Today is 5 June, World Environment Day. What have you done for the environment Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!
Reading
Main idea：We’ve done something together for environment.
pro _ _ _ _
wi _ _ _ _
differ _ _ _ _
ri _ _
re _ _ _ _ _ _
de _ _ _ _
消失的另一半
ence
玩法：说出以下单词所缺字母。
目标：检验新学单词中较难记的。
duce
sely
ch
pend
source
Game time
Part 3
plastic n. 塑料
separate vt. &vi. 分开，隔开
recycling n. 回收利用，循环利用
allow vt. 允许
cut down 砍倒
punish vt. 处罚，惩罚
fine vt. 罚款
Revision
limit vt. 限制
depend vi. 依靠，依赖，指望
depend on/upon 依靠；取决于
rich adj. 丰富的；富有的
resource n. 资源
wisely adv. 明智地，充满智慧地
run out 用完，耗尽
Revision
produce vt. 导致，产生
difference n. 差异，不同(之处)
make a difference (to sb/sth) (对...)有影响，起作用
Revision
See you
Have a great day英语（八年级下册）
Unit 8 A Green World
Reading (I)
I. Teaching aims and learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
1. skim the article for the main idea of the whole text;
2. scan the article for detailed information;
3. guess the meaning of the word according to the context;
4. realize the way and importance of protecting environment.
II. Teaching contents
1. New words and phrases: plastic, separate, recycling, allow, punish, fine, limit, depend, rich, resource, wisely, produce, difference, cut down, depend on/upon, keep it that way, cost little, run out, make a difference
2. New structures: It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.
Things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
We depend on its rich resources to live.
It is important for us to protect it wisely.
Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference.
III. Focus of the lesson and predicted area of difficulty
1. To use skimming and scanning skills to get the main ideas and the specific information.
2. To predict the meaning of the new words in the context.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Before-reading
1. Free talk
T: What do you think of when we talk about Switzerland
Why do we call Switzerland “Green Switzerland”
T: According to the study of Yale University, Switzerland is the second greenest country in the world.
【设计意图：利用直观的图片激发学生的学习热情，导入新课并对标题进行阐述，帮助学生更好地理解课文。】
2. Prediction
T: What is the article about
【设计意图：猜测文章大意，然后在学习文章时验证自己的猜测，可以增加学生学习课文的兴趣，同时了解新的学习策略。】
Step 2 While-reading
1. Skim
T: Skim the passage and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1: Switzerland is a beautiful country
Paragraph 2: People in Switzerland recycle many things to reduce pollution.
Paragraph 3: The government has laws to protect the environment.
Paragraph 4: People are starting to use new energy.
Paragraph 5: Martina asks everyone to do something for the environment.
T: Work out the structure of the article.
Part 1 (Paragraph 1): description of green Switzerland
Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-4): the ways to make the country green
Part 3 (Paragraph 5): hope
【设计意图：通过略读的阅读技能训练，培养学生获取文章大意的能力，对上一环节的猜测进行验证。小组讨论文章的结构，增强学生的篇章整体意识。对上一环节的猜测进行验证，读前预测可以激发学生阅读的兴趣。】
2. Scanning
T: Scan Paragraphs 2-4 to find the three methods to keep Switzerland green.
Present more ways that the Swiss use to keep their country green.
【设计意图：培养学生通过找主题句来确定主旨大意的阅读技能。训练学生的scanning阅读技能，培养学生的成就感，并顺势拓展学生的课外知识，让学生了解更多的环保知识。】
3. Careful reading
T: Enjoy a video about the green and beautiful country.
Paragraph 1
T: Read the first paragraph and have a discussion:
(1) What’s the usage of the sentence “we should try to keep it that way”
(This is a lead-in sentence.)
(2) What does “that way” mean
【设计意图：通过观看录像与细读，让学生深刻体会瑞士的美，引导学生找到启下的句子，更好地理解课文。】
Paragraph 2
T: Read Paragraph 2 carefully and find the detailed information. Underline the useful words and expressions.
(1) What can be recycled in Switzerland
(2) How can we recycle old clothes
T: Can you guess the meaning of “recycle” and “separate”
T: Why do they recycle old things
【设计意图: 理解文章具体信息，训练学生利用指示词去找具体信息的能力，以及在具体语境中猜测词义的能力，鼓励学生自己发现循环利用的意义，培养思考的习惯。】
Paragraph 3
T: Read Paragraph 3 carefully and answer the following questions.
(1) How does the government protect environment with strict laws
(2) Are there any laws to protect air and water
Paragraph 4
T: Watch a video and think about the following questions:
(1) What energy are the Swiss starting to use
(2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the old and new energy
Paragraph 5
T: 5 June is World Environment Day. Let’s work together to make a difference. Work in pairs and discuss what we can do to help.
【设计意图: 对学生进行思想情感教育并升华为自我的行为，号召他们努力为环保做出贡献。】
Step 3 Post-reading
1. Summary
T: We have learned a lot about green Switzerland. How do the Swiss keep their country green
2. Retell the article
T: Work in groups and retell the article.
【设计意图: 利用思维导图帮助学生整体了解文章，树立篇章概念。】
V. Homework
1. Find more information about green Switzerland and share the information with the class.
2. Read the article after the tape.Unit 8 A green world
第2课时 reading
八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）
1. a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes有高山和蔚蓝湖面的国家
【考点解析】with…在这里是介词短语做后置定语，意为“拥有”
【例句】China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。
【拓展】without 意为“没有”，介词，其后接名词和动名词
【例句】He often goes to school without breakfast because of getting up late.
他住在一个带花园的房子里。
他没打招呼就离开这里了。
2. It’s beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way. 它（瑞士）很美，而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。
【考点解析】that way意为“这样；那样；那边”。way可以和this、that等连用。
【例句】Why does he act this way 他为什么这样做？
That way, she will be alone when she finds the letter. 那样一来，她发现信时，就只有她一人在场。
那样，我们就能得到他的帮助。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______.
3. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。
【考点解析】separate … into … 把…...分开，隔开
be separated into … 被…... 分开，隔开
【例句】The children were separated into groups for the game. 那些儿童分成小组做游戏。
动词填空
The waste_______ (separate) into different groups before being thrown into the bin
4. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled．即使旧衣服和旧鞋子也能被回收。
【考点解析】even副词，意为“即使，纵然；再者，加之；此外，而且；（表示进一层的意思）甚至（……也），连”。
【例句】Even he is old，he works hard.即使他老了，他仍努力工作。
【注意】even 与much和far 一样，其后接形容词副词的比较级
使你说英语，我也能听懂。
_______ _______ _______ _______, I can understand you.
5. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.
【考点解析】some…, some…, and others…. 表示“一些…, 一些…, 还有一些”。
一些学生在安静地看书，一些在做笔记，还有一些在上网查资料。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ , _______ _______ _______ _______, _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
6. We are not allowed to cut down trees. 我们是不允许砍伐树木的。
【考点解析】
(1) allow作“允许”或“许可”讲，常用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
Please allow me to carry your bag.请让我替你拿包。
(2) allow作“许可，允许”讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说allow doing sth．，不可说allow to do sth.。
They allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
(3) allow还常与out，in，up等副词搭配使用，即allow sb. in/out/up等。
She didn't allow the children in until they wiped their shoes.
直到孩子们把鞋擦干净，她才让他们进来。
She is not allowed out after dark.天黑后，不准她出去。
1、我的老板不允许我用电话。
2、我们只许在这间屋子里抽烟。
3、学生必须在老师的允许下才能外出。
【考点解析】cut down意为“削减；砍倒；杀死；删减”。宾语是代词时须放在cut与down之间。
【例句】There are fewer and fewer trees here. You can't cut them down. 这儿的树越来越少。你不能砍它们。
【拓展词组】cut in on sb. 插嘴，打断别人 cut out 剪出，戒掉 cut short 缩短
( ) The tree is dead. Please_______.
A. cut down it B. cut it down C. cut it out D. cut out it
7. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.
如果在公共场合扔垃圾，我们将受到警方的惩罚。
【考点解析】fine在此用作动词，意为“惩罚”。
【例句】It is said that he will b fined by the police. 据说他将受警方罚款。
那男孩因盗窃受到警方的惩罚。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
【拓展】此外，fine还可用作形容词，意为“好的”。如：I’m fine.
今天天气多么的好啊！
8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.
我们依靠它富足的资源来生存，因此我们明智地保护它是很重要的。
【考点解析】depend on意为“依靠，依赖”。
【例句】What does the homeless girl depend on 那无家可归的女孩依靠什么生活？
我们不能太依赖父母。
【拓展】It depends. 依情况而定，看情况。
【考点解析】wisely意为“明智地；聪明地；精明地”。
【例句】Even you have enough pocket money, you should spend it wisely. 即使你有足够的零花钱，你也应该明智地花费。
9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新类型的能源成本很小，永远不会耗尽。
【考点解析】take，spend，cost和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
(1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
①spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）
I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(2) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：
①sth. costs (sb.)＋金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱
A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②(doing) sth. costs (sb.)＋时间 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
【注意】cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost
(3) take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
①It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间
It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完亍这条路。
②doing sth. takes sb.＋时间 做某事花了某人多少时间
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
(4) pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…．
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要向他们付20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth.付……的钱
I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。
③pay for sb.替某人付钱
Don't worry! I'll pay for you.别担心！我会给你付钱的。
( )①The bike_______ him about 350 yuan.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
【考点解析】run out和run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out作不及物短语，表示“被用完；被耗尽；（人）把东西用完（或花光）”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词，而run out of则是及物短语，表示主动，其主语通常为人。
【例句】My money is running out.我的钱快用完了。
( )②Is the time_______
A. run out B. running out C. running out of D. ran out
10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference！
记住每个人都可以做点（对保护环境）有益的事！
【考点解析】make a / no/ some/ much difference to …意思是“对…...有/没有/有些/有很大作用、关系、影响”。
【例句】The rain did not make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。
翻译句子
每个人都应该做对地球有益的事。
完成句子
1．一带一路对我们的生活产生了很大影响。
The Belt and Road Initiative _______________________to our life.
2．当你离开教室的时候不要忘了关电脑。（forget）
Don’t __________________________ when you leave the classroom.
3．在我小的时候，那位名人的故事对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
The famous person’s stories _____ a big ______ to my life when I was young.
4．气温主要取决于季节和天气。
The temperature mainly ___________ ___________ the seasons and the weather.
5．太过依赖父母不利于孩子的成长。
____________________ is not good for children’s growth.
题组A 能力提升练
二、完型填空
Fourteen years ago, the BBC’s documentary Planet Earth took us on an amazing ___6___ from the rainforest to the sea. It celebrated the beauty ___7___ our planet. Last year, a show called Our Planet was doing even ___8___ than that. We were really surprised at the diversity (多样性) of life on the earth. It called on us to ___9___ the earth before it was too late.
“What we do in the next 20 years will decide the future for all life on the earth,” Alastair Fothergill, one of the show’s makers said.
Our Planet came out on April 5th, 2019. It ___10___ 50 countries and more than 600 people spent over four years ___11___ on it. The show has eight episodes (集). __12___ of them begins with a picture of the earth taken from the moon. It shows some problems that we should take ____13____. It also shows that the numbers of many ___14___ animals are growing with the help of the scientists. All this reminds us that ___15___ we work together, it will never be too late to save our planet.
6．A．building B．mountain C．journey D．city
7．A．with B．of C．from D．for
8．A．more B．few C．much D．less
9．A．move B．hide C．copy D．save
10．A．flies B．covers C．offers D．reminds
11．A．arguing B．working C．returning D．depending
12．A．Each B．None C．Some D．Both
13．A．heavily B．easily C．seriously D．completely
14．A．talented B．endangered C．brave D．strange
15．A．because of B．as soon as C．even though D．as long as
三、阅读单选
A
Scientists（科学家）are trying to make deserts（沙漠）into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow crops. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is becoming deserts. Scientists may not be able to change the deserts. Scientists think that people make deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth.
Some places on the earth don’t get very much rain. But they still don’t become deserts. This is because some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very helpful to wet places. Plants don’t the hot sun make the earth even drier. Plants don’t let the wind blow the earth away. When a little bit of rain falls, the plants will hold the water. Without plants, the land can become a desert much more easily.
16．Why can the land become a desert ________
A．Some places don’t get very much rain.
B．Plants don’t let the hot sun make the earth even drier.
C．People don’t protect the earth well.
D．Scientists haven’t learnt enough about the deserts.
17．Scientists ________ to make the deserts into good land again.
A．carry vegetables B．grow crops C．do nothing D．study a lot
18．Which is not true ________
A．Scientists want to bring water to the deserts.
B．Scientists like living in the deserts.
C．People do bad things to the earth
D．Scientists may not be able to change the deserts.
19．Why are green plants and grass helpful ________
A．They can hold the water.
B．They can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
C．They can keep the earth wet.
D．All of the above.
20．After reading the passage, we can learn that ________.
A．plants can keep dry land from becoming the desert
B．it is good to get rid of the grass in the desert
C．all places without much rain will become deserts
D．it is better to grow crops on dry land than to grow grass
B
Most people love animals because they are useful（有用的）in many ways. They bring more fun to our life.
We find many different kinds of animals on the earth. Some animals, such as leopards（豹）. wolves（狼）, snakes, tigers, pandas and foxes（狐狸）live in big forests. They are called wild animals. Most of them are dangerous. Some others like cows and dogs live with men. They are called domestic animals. Animals are important to men. Men catch wild animals for their fur and meat. Skins（皮）of foxes and crocodiles（鳄鱼）can be made into coats and shoes. People are now stopped from killing wild animals in order to protect their lives. Domestic animals can not only give men food, but also help men with some farm work. Without them life could be less fun and more difficult. People get meat from sheep and pigs. From cows, we get milk. Horses can take us to other places. On farms, animals are used to plough（犁）fields.
It is clear that men can’t live without animals. Let’s protect animals. They are our best friends.
21．_______ live in big forests.
A．Leopards and cows B．Foxes and tigers
C．Sheep and dogs D．Horses and monkeys
22．The underlined word “domestic” means “________” in Chinese.
A．野生的 B．驯养的 C．濒危的 D．宠爱的
23．________ are both dangerous to us.
A．Snakes and wolves B．Sharks and rabbits
C．Deer and lions headlights D．Tigers and pigs
24．Which of the following is NOT true _______
A．Domestic animals do farm work in some places.
B．We should protect animals because they are our best friends.
C．Without animals men can’t live as happily as they do now.
D．From skins of all animals we can make coats and shoes.
25．What is the writer s main purpose（目的） in writing this text _______
A．To tell people what domestic animals are.
B．To warn people how dangerous the animals are.
C．To tell people how useful the animals are.
D．To call on people to protect animals.
题组B 培优拔尖练
26．— Nowadays Chinese children are much busier on weekends than weekdays.
— Parents should ________ the number of classes in the training school.
A．cut down B．cut off C．cut out D．cut up
27．— The play of Shakespeare will be put on next week. Would you like to go to see it with me
— Yes, I’d like to.
A．worried about B．acted out C．rushed out
28．—It’s said that an airport ________ in Yangzhou.
—It’s true. That’s what we are getting excited about these days.
A．builds B．will build C．is building D．will be built
29．Try to guess its meaning when you meet a new word. Don’t just ________ your dictionary all the time.
A．look on B．carry on C．depend on D．keep on
30．I didn’t mean to trouble Curry yesterday. It was pouring with rain so I ________ his offer of a lift.
A．refused B．received C．allowed D．acceptedUnit 8 A green world
第2课时 reading
八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）
1. a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes有高山和蔚蓝湖面的国家
【考点解析】with…在这里是介词短语做后置定语，意为“拥有”
【例句】China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。
【拓展】without 意为“没有”，介词，其后接名词和动名词
【例句】He often goes to school without breakfast because of getting up late.
他住在一个带花园的房子里。
他没打招呼就离开这里了。
2. It’s beautiful, and we should try to keep it that way. 它（瑞士）很美，而且我们应该尽力让它一直保持那样。
【考点解析】that way意为“这样；那样；那边”。way可以和this、that等连用。
【例句】Why does he act this way 他为什么这样做？
That way, she will be alone when she finds the letter. 那样一来，她发现信时，就只有她一人在场。
那样，我们就能得到他的帮助。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______.
3. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和纸被分成不同的小组，然后回收利用。
【考点解析】separate … into … 把…...分开，隔开
be separated into … 被…... 分开，隔开
【例句】The children were separated into groups for the game. 那些儿童分成小组做游戏。
动词填空
The waste_______ (separate) into different groups before being thrown into the bin
4. Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled．即使旧衣服和旧鞋子也能被回收。
【考点解析】even副词，意为“即使，纵然；再者，加之；此外，而且；（表示进一层的意思）甚至（……也），连”。
【例句】Even he is old，he works hard.即使他老了，他仍努力工作。
【注意】even 与much和far 一样，其后接形容词副词的比较级
使你说英语，我也能听懂。
_______ _______ _______ _______, I can understand you.
5. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.
【考点解析】some…, some…, and others…. 表示“一些…, 一些…, 还有一些”。
一些学生在安静地看书，一些在做笔记，还有一些在上网查资料。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ , _______ _______ _______ _______, _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
6. We are not allowed to cut down trees. 我们是不允许砍伐树木的。
【考点解析】
(1) allow作“允许”或“许可”讲，常用动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
Please allow me to carry your bag.请让我替你拿包。
(2) allow作“许可，允许”讲，只可搭配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接用动词不定式作宾补，即只可说allow doing sth．，不可说allow to do sth.。
They allowed smoking in this room only.他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
(3) allow还常与out，in，up等副词搭配使用，即allow sb. in/out/up等。
She didn't allow the children in until they wiped their shoes.
直到孩子们把鞋擦干净，她才让他们进来。
She is not allowed out after dark.天黑后，不准她出去。
1、我的老板不允许我用电话。
2、我们只许在这间屋子里抽烟。
3、学生必须在老师的允许下才能外出。
【考点解析】cut down意为“削减；砍倒；杀死；删减”。宾语是代词时须放在cut与down之间。
【例句】There are fewer and fewer trees here. You can't cut them down. 这儿的树越来越少。你不能砍它们。
【拓展词组】cut in on sb. 插嘴，打断别人 cut out 剪出，戒掉 cut short 缩短
( ) The tree is dead. Please_______.
A. cut down it B. cut it down C. cut it out D. cut out it
7. If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.
如果在公共场合扔垃圾，我们将受到警方的惩罚。
【考点解析】fine在此用作动词，意为“惩罚”。
【例句】It is said that he will b fined by the police. 据说他将受警方罚款。
那男孩因盗窃受到警方的惩罚。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
【拓展】此外，fine还可用作形容词，意为“好的”。如：I’m fine.
今天天气多么的好啊！
8. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely.
我们依靠它富足的资源来生存，因此我们明智地保护它是很重要的。
【考点解析】depend on意为“依靠，依赖”。
【例句】What does the homeless girl depend on 那无家可归的女孩依靠什么生活？
我们不能太依赖父母。
【拓展】It depends. 依情况而定，看情况。
【考点解析】wisely意为“明智地；聪明地；精明地”。
【例句】Even you have enough pocket money, you should spend it wisely. 即使你有足够的零花钱，你也应该明智地花费。
9. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out. 这些新类型的能源成本很小，永远不会耗尽。
【考点解析】take，spend，cost和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。
(1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
①spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）
I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(2) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：
①sth. costs (sb.)＋金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱
A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②(doing) sth. costs (sb.)＋时间 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
【注意】cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost
(3) take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
①It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间
It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完亍这条路。
②doing sth. takes sb.＋时间 做某事花了某人多少时间
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
(4) pay的基本用法是：
①pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…．
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要向他们付20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth.付……的钱
I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。
③pay for sb.替某人付钱
Don't worry! I'll pay for you.别担心！我会给你付钱的。
( )①The bike_______ him about 350 yuan.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
【考点解析】run out和run out of这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out作不及物短语，表示“被用完；被耗尽；（人）把东西用完（或花光）”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词，而run out of则是及物短语，表示主动，其主语通常为人。
【例句】My money is running out.我的钱快用完了。
( )②Is the time_______
A. run out B. running out C. running out of D. ran out
10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference！
记住每个人都可以做点（对保护环境）有益的事！
【考点解析】make a / no/ some/ much difference to …意思是“对…...有/没有/有些/有很大作用、关系、影响”。
【例句】The rain did not make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。
翻译句子
每个人都应该做对地球有益的事。
完成句子
1．一带一路对我们的生活产生了很大影响。
The Belt and Road Initiative _______________________to our life.
【答案】made a big##great difference ##has made a big##great difference
【详解】通过中英文句子对照可知英文句子中缺少“产生了很大影响”的表达；英文表达是make a big/great difference；由句意可知本句时态用一般过去时或者现在完成时均可，make的过去式和过去分词为made，主语是The Belt and Road Initiative，所以助动词用has；故答案为made a big/great difference /has made a big/great difference。
2．当你离开教室的时候不要忘了关电脑。（forget）
Don’t __________________________ when you leave the classroom.
【答案】forget to turn off the computer
【详解】根据汉语可知，空处缺少“忘了关电脑”的英文，由语境可知，事情还没做，所以用forget to do sth表示“不要忘记做某事”，关电脑：turn off the computer；该句是祈使句的否定形式，所以Don’t后跟动词原形。故填forget to turn off the computer。
3．在我小的时候，那位名人的故事对我的生活产生了很大的影响。
The famous person’s stories _____ a big ______ to my life when I was young.
【答案】made difference
【详解】根据时间状语when I was young可知此句时态是一般过去时。短语make a difference to sb.：对某人产生影响；结合句意和提示可知答案是made；difference。
4．气温主要取决于季节和天气。
The temperature mainly ___________ ___________ the seasons and the weather.
【答案】depends on
【详解】考查动词词组depend on，意思是“依靠，依赖”，描述客观事实或真理用一般现在时态，temperature表示抽象意义的温度时，则是不可数名词，故动词要用三单形式，答案为(1). depends (2). on 。
5．太过依赖父母不利于孩子的成长。
____________________ is not good for children’s growth.
【答案】Depending on parents too much
【详解】固定搭配：depend on…too much“太过依赖”；parents“父母”，动名词作主语，故填Depending on parents too much。
题组A 能力提升练
二、完型填空
Fourteen years ago, the BBC’s documentary Planet Earth took us on an amazing ___6___ from the rainforest to the sea. It celebrated the beauty ___7___ our planet. Last year, a show called Our Planet was doing even ___8___ than that. We were really surprised at the diversity (多样性) of life on the earth. It called on us to ___9___ the earth before it was too late.
“What we do in the next 20 years will decide the future for all life on the earth,” Alastair Fothergill, one of the show’s makers said.
Our Planet came out on April 5th, 2019. It ___10___ 50 countries and more than 600 people spent over four years ___11___ on it. The show has eight episodes (集). __12___ of them begins with a picture of the earth taken from the moon. It shows some problems that we should take ____13____. It also shows that the numbers of many ___14___ animals are growing with the help of the scientists. All this reminds us that ___15___ we work together, it will never be too late to save our planet.
6．A．building B．mountain C．journey D．city
7．A．with B．of C．from D．for
8．A．more B．few C．much D．less
9．A．move B．hide C．copy D．save
10．A．flies B．covers C．offers D．reminds
11．A．arguing B．working C．returning D．depending
12．A．Each B．None C．Some D．Both
13．A．heavily B．easily C．seriously D．completely
14．A．talented B．endangered C．brave D．strange
15．A．because of B．as soon as C．even though D．as long as
【答案】
6．C
7．B
8．A
9．D
10．B
11．B
12．A
13．C
14．B
15．D
【分析】
本文主要介绍了BBC的纪录片《行星地球》带我们踏上了从雨林到大海的奇妙旅程，它颂扬了我们星球的美丽。去年，另一个节目《我们的星球》号召我们拯救地球。只要我们共同努力，拯救我们的星球就永远不会太迟。
【解析】
6．句意：14年前，BBC的纪录片《行星地球》带我们踏上了从雨林到大海的奇妙旅程。building“建筑物”；mountain“山”；journey“旅行，旅程”；city“城市”。空格后提及从雨林到大海，由此可知此处为journey“旅行”。故选C。
7．句意：它颂扬了我们星球的美丽。with“和……一起”；of“……的”；from“来自”；for“为了”。“the beauty of...”意为“……的美丽”。故选B。
8．句意：去年，一个叫做《我们的星球》的节目做的比那更多。more“更多”；few“很少，几乎没有”；much“许多”；less“更少”。根据句中“than”可知，此处用比较级；又根据下文“We were really surprised at the diversity (多样性) of life on the earth.”可知，地球生命的多样性，由此可知上文表示一场名为《我们的星球》的演出比《行星地球》精彩得多。故选A。
9．句意：它号召我们在为时未晚之前拯救地球。move“移动”；hide“隐藏”；copy“抄袭”；save“拯救”。根据句中“called on us”，“before it was too late”可知，此处表示它号召我们“拯救”地球。save意为“拯救”。故选D。
10．句意：它覆盖了50个国家。flies“飞”；covers“覆盖”；offers“提供”；reminds“提醒”。此处表示这个节目覆盖50个国家，cover意为“覆盖”。故选B。
11．句意：600多人耗时四年多的时间从事该工作。arguing“争吵”；working“工作”；returning“返回”；depending“取决于”。work on意为“从事”。故选B。
12．句意：它们中的每一集都是以从月球上拍摄的地球照片开始的。Each“每一个”；None“没有一个”；Some“一些”；Both“两者都”。根据下文的谓语动词“begins”是第三人称单数，主语应用Each，强调每一个。故选A。
13．句意：它展示了一些我们应该认真对待的问题。heavily“沉重地”；easily“容易地”；seriously“认真地”；completely“完全地”。take... seriously意为“认真对待……”。故选C。
14．句意：它也展示了在科学家们的帮助下，很多濒危动物的数量正在增长。talented“有天赋的”；endangered“濒危的”；brave“勇敢的”；strange“陌生的”。根据下文“with the help of the scientists”可知，在科学家们的帮助下许多“濒危”动物的数量正在增加。故选B。
15．句意：所有这些都提醒我们，只要我们共同合作，拯救我们的星球永远不会太迟。because of“由于”；as soon as“一……就……”；even though“即使”；as long as“只要”。根据“we work together”与“it will never be too late to save our planet.”是条件关系，所以用as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故选D。
三、阅读单选
A
Scientists（科学家）are trying to make deserts（沙漠）into good land again. They want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow crops. They are learning a lot about the deserts. But more and more of the earth is becoming deserts. Scientists may not be able to change the deserts. Scientists think that people make deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth.
Some places on the earth don’t get very much rain. But they still don’t become deserts. This is because some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very helpful to wet places. Plants don’t the hot sun make the earth even drier. Plants don’t let the wind blow the earth away. When a little bit of rain falls, the plants will hold the water. Without plants, the land can become a desert much more easily.
16．Why can the land become a desert ________
A．Some places don’t get very much rain.
B．Plants don’t let the hot sun make the earth even drier.
C．People don’t protect the earth well.
D．Scientists haven’t learnt enough about the deserts.
17．Scientists ________ to make the deserts into good land again.
A．carry vegetables B．grow crops C．do nothing D．study a lot
18．Which is not true ________
A．Scientists want to bring water to the deserts.
B．Scientists like living in the deserts.
C．People do bad things to the earth
D．Scientists may not be able to change the deserts.
19．Why are green plants and grass helpful ________
A．They can hold the water.
B．They can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
C．They can keep the earth wet.
D．All of the above.
20．After reading the passage, we can learn that ________.
A．plants can keep dry land from becoming the desert
B．it is good to get rid of the grass in the desert
C．all places without much rain will become deserts
D．it is better to grow crops on dry land than to grow grass
【答案】
16．C
17．D
18．B
19．D
20．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，本文讲述科学家们在试图把沙漠变回农田，他们想把水引到沙漠，人们就可以在那里生存种植作物了，但沙漠一直在增多。植被可以防风固沙，留住雨水。
【解析】
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists think that people make deserts. People are doing bad things to the earth”可知，科学家认为是人类制造了沙漠。人们正在对地球做坏事，所以推断，是人为因素导致了沙漠化。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“They are learning a lot about the deserts” 可知，科学家们做了很多研究，以使沙漠再次成为好土地。故选D。
18．推断判断题。根据第一段“They want to bring water to the deserts, so people can live and grow crops ”、“People are doing bad things to the earth”和“Scientists may not be able to change the deserts”可知，科学家想把水带到沙漠地区，人们做了不利于地球环境的事情，科学家可能不能改变沙漠，ACD都是正确的，故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段“Small green plants and grass are very helpful to wet places. Plants don’t the hot sun make the earth even drier. Plants don’t let the wind blow the earth away. When a little bit of rain falls, the plants will hold the water”可知，植物不会让烈日把土地晒得更干燥，防止水土流失。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据“Without plants, the land can become a desert much more easily”可知，没有植物，土地很容易变成沙漠，也就是说植物能防止干燥的土地变成沙漠，故选A。
B
Most people love animals because they are useful（有用的）in many ways. They bring more fun to our life.
We find many different kinds of animals on the earth. Some animals, such as leopards（豹）. wolves（狼）, snakes, tigers, pandas and foxes（狐狸）live in big forests. They are called wild animals. Most of them are dangerous. Some others like cows and dogs live with men. They are called domestic animals. Animals are important to men. Men catch wild animals for their fur and meat. Skins（皮）of foxes and crocodiles（鳄鱼）can be made into coats and shoes. People are now stopped from killing wild animals in order to protect their lives. Domestic animals can not only give men food, but also help men with some farm work. Without them life could be less fun and more difficult. People get meat from sheep and pigs. From cows, we get milk. Horses can take us to other places. On farms, animals are used to plough（犁）fields.
It is clear that men can’t live without animals. Let’s protect animals. They are our best friends.
21．_______ live in big forests.
A．Leopards and cows B．Foxes and tigers
C．Sheep and dogs D．Horses and monkeys
22．The underlined word “domestic” means “________” in Chinese.
A．野生的 B．驯养的 C．濒危的 D．宠爱的
23．________ are both dangerous to us.
A．Snakes and wolves B．Sharks and rabbits
C．Deer and lions headlights D．Tigers and pigs
24．Which of the following is NOT true _______
A．Domestic animals do farm work in some places.
B．We should protect animals because they are our best friends.
C．Without animals men can’t live as happily as they do now.
D．From skins of all animals we can make coats and shoes.
25．What is the writer s main purpose（目的） in writing this text _______
A．To tell people what domestic animals are.
B．To warn people how dangerous the animals are.
C．To tell people how useful the animals are.
D．To call on people to protect animals.
【答案】
21．B
22．B
23．A
24．D
25．D
【分析】
本文讲动物分为野生动物和家畜两类，人们因为各种原因捕杀野生动物，现在为了保护野生动物这一行为被禁止了；家畜不仅给人类提供食物，还帮助人们做农活。动物是我们的朋友，我们应该保护动物。
【解析】
21．细节理解题。根据第2段中“Some animals, such as leopards, wolves, pandas and foxes live in big forests.”可知豹子、狼、熊猫和狐狸住在大森林里。故选B。
22．词意猜测题。根据上文“Some others like cows and dogs live with men.”可知此句“They are called domestic animals.”句意是“它们被称为家畜。”再结合上文“They are called wild animals.”可知“domestic”意思为“驯养的”，故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据第2段中“Some animals, such as leopards（豹）. wolves（狼）, snakes, tigers, pandas and foxes（狐狸）live in big forests. They are called wild animals. Most of them are dangerous.”可知大部分野生动物是危险的，结合常识可知蛇和狼对人类来说很危险。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据第2段中“Skins of foxes and crocodiles can be made into coats and shoes.”可知狐狸和鳄鱼的皮可以制成衣服和鞋子，并非所有动物的皮都可以，选项D错误；故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It is clear that men can’t live without animals. Let’s protect animals. They are our best friends”可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁人们保护动物。故选D。
题组B 培优拔尖练
26．— Nowadays Chinese children are much busier on weekends than weekdays.
— Parents should ________ the number of classes in the training school.
A．cut down B．cut off C．cut out D．cut up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——现在中国的孩子周末比平日忙得多。——家长们应该减少在培训学校的课程数量。
考查动词短语辨析。cut down“减少”；cut off“切断、中断”（强调不再连接起作用）；cut out“裁剪”；cut up“切碎”；根据“ the number of classes in the training school”可知此处指“减少培训学校的课程数量”。故选A。
27．— The play of Shakespeare will be put on next week. Would you like to go to see it with me
— Yes, I’d like to.
A．worried about B．acted out C．rushed out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——莎士比亚的戏剧将于下周上演。你愿意和我一起去看吗？—— 是的，我原意去。
考查短语辨析。worried about担心；acted out演出；rushed out冲出去。根据“The play of Shakespeare will be put on next week.”可知，莎士比亚的戏剧将于下周上演，结合选项，“acted out”符合句意。故选B。
28．—It’s said that an airport ________ in Yangzhou.
—It’s true. That’s what we are getting excited about these days.
A．builds B．will build C．is building D．will be built
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——据说扬州要建一个飞机场。——那是真的，那就是这些天我们所激动的。考查被动语态。句子主语an airport和build之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；根据“It’s true. That’s what we are getting excited about these days.”可知，还没建，所以用将来时态，一般将来时态的被动语态的结构是“will be+过去分词”；故选D。
29．Try to guess its meaning when you meet a new word. Don’t just ________ your dictionary all the time.
A．look on B．carry on C．depend on D．keep on
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当你遇到一个生词时，试着猜它的意思。不要总是依赖你的字典。考查动词短语。look on袖手旁观；carry on从事；depend on依赖，依靠；keep on坚持；根据“Try to guess its meaning when you meet a new word.”可知，要试着猜意思，不要总是依赖于词典。故选C。
30．I didn’t mean to trouble Curry yesterday. It was pouring with rain so I ________ his offer of a lift.
A．refused B．received C．allowed D．accepted
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我昨天没打算去麻烦Curry。当时下着滂沱大雨，因此我接受了搭他的便车。考查动词辨析。refuse拒绝；receive收到；allow允许；accept接受。根据“It was pouring with rain so I…his offer of a lift.”可知，此处表示自己主观上接受了别人的帮助。故选D。

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