资源简介

(共46张PPT)
专题八
句子种类与简单句
基本句型 构成 示例 句子成分说明
主谓(SV) 主语＋不及物动词 主语：表示句子所说的是“谁”或“什么”(可由名词、代词等充当)
谓语：表示主语“做什么”或“是什么/怎么样”(通常是动词)
主系表
(SVP) 主语＋系动词＋表语
考点
简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型 构成 示例 句子成分说明
主谓宾
(SVO) 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 表语：说明主语“是
什么/ 怎么样”，与
系动词一起构成谓
语(可由名词、形容
词、代词、介词短语
等充当)
主谓宾宾
(SVOO) 主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
★注意：间接宾语一般是人，直
接 宾 语 一 般 是 物 ，“动 词 ＋ sb. ＋sth.”结构可转化为“动词＋sth.＋to/for＋sb.”
基本句型 构成 示例 句子成分说明
主谓宾补
(SVOC) 主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 宾语：表示谓语动词的动作对象(可由名词、代词等充当)
宾语补足语：一般放在宾语的后面，补充说明宾语“做了什么”或“是什么/怎么样”(可由形容词、名词、不定式、分词等充当)
★拓展：起修饰作用的句子成分——定语和状语
①定语：用来修饰名词或代词，通常由形容词、代词、名词等充
当，如 a red apple(红色的苹果)、my book(我的书)、a bus stop(公交车
站)；
②状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示动作发
生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等，如：
连词成句
1.(2024 河北)am, a, in, poem club, I
I am in a poem club.
2.(2025 重庆)to be, want, a writer, I, in the future
I want to be a writer in the future.
3.(2024 重庆)Helen, a, cake, me, bought
Helen bought me a cake.
4.(2023 上海)should, the ancient buildings, we, to protect, take action
We should take action to protect the ancient buildings.
5.helps, a, good, you, education, succeed
A good education helps you succeed.
考点
There be 句型
There be 句型，又称存现句，其基本构成为“There be ＋主语
(sb./sth.)＋其他.”，表示“某地有某人/某物”，强调客观存在。其中，
There 仅用于构成 There be 句型，本身无实际意义，真正的主语是 be
动词后的 sb./sth.。There be 句型的时态变化通过 be 动词来体现。
形式 构成 示例
肯定句 There be＋主语＋其他. There are many people in the street.街上有很多人。
There were many people in the street an hour ago.
一小时前街上有很多人。
There will be many people in the street during the festival.
节日期间街上会有很多人。
形式 构成 示例
否定句 There be not＋主语＋其他. There are not many people in the street.街上人不多。
一般疑问句 Be there＋主语＋其他？
肯定回答用Yes, there be.
否定回答用No, there be not. —Are there many people in the street 街上人多吗？
—Yes, there are. 是的，人很多。
—No, there aren't. 不，人不多。
★注意：There be 句型的主谓一致
在There be句型中，be动词的单复数要根据主语(即其后面的名词)
的单复数来确定。当 There be 后有多个名词作主语时，be 动词的单复
数要根据与其最近的名词的单复数来确定，即遵循“就近原则”。
There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢
笔。
There are two pens and a book on the desk.桌子上有两支钢笔和一
本书。
There is some milk and apples in the fridge.冰箱里有一些牛奶和苹
果。
如果主语是复数名词，却表示整体概念(如一笔金额或一个总数)，
那么 be 动词仍使用单数形式。
There is five hundred dollars to pay.还有五百美元要支付。
★辨析：There be 与 have 的区别
There be 句型表示客观存在，强调某地有某人/某物；have 表示所
属关系，强调某人拥有某物。两者有时可以互换。
The room has a big window.这个房间有一扇大窗户。(强调房间里
“有”窗户)
There is a big window in the room.房间里有一扇大窗户。(强调窗户
“在”房间里)
There are some trees in front of the house.房子前有一些树。(客观存
在，不可用 have)
Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。(所属关系，
不可用 There be)
★拓展：There be 结构的变式
There be 结构中的 be 有时可用 come、exist、happen to be、lie、
live、remain、seem to be、stand、used to be 等替换。
There happened to be nobody in the room.碰巧房间里没人。
There lives a family of five in the village.村子里住着一户五口之家。
There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.山顶上有一座古庙。
There are
Is there
there is
用 have/has 或 there be 的适当形式填空(均为一般现在时)
1.__________ some toys and a football on the floor of his bedroom.
2.—__________ much money in the wallet
—Yes, __________.
There isn't
Are there
have
3.__________ any juice in the bottle.Can you bring me some
4.—__________ any vegetables on the table
—No, I can't see any.
5.My brother and I ________ three nice stamps.
have
there is
has
have
have
6.I ________ a new pen, but ________ no ink in it.
7.He ________ a new music box, and he likes it very much.
8.—Do you ________ any sisters
—No, I only ________ one cousin.
提问对象 构成 示例
对主语提问 特殊疑问词＋谓语＋其他？
(无需借助助动词，语序与陈述句一致) Who is reading a book 谁在看书？
What is under the chair 椅子下是什么？
对其他成分
提问 特殊疑问词＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语动词(＋其他)？(使用疑问句语序) What does she like 她喜欢什么？
Where are they playing 他们在哪里玩？
How long may you keep the books
这些书你们可以借多久？
考点
特殊疑问句
1.特殊疑问句的构成
特殊疑问词 意义及用法 示例
who “谁”，用于询问身份，用作主语或宾语 Who is your math teacher 谁是你的数学老师？
whom “谁”，who的宾格形式，用作宾语 Whom/Who are you talking to 你在和谁说话？
To whom are you talking 你在和谁说话？
whose “谁的”，后接名词或单独使用，表示所属关系 Whose is this 这是谁的？
Whose book is this 这是谁的书？
2.特殊疑问词
特殊疑问词 意义及用法 示例
what “什么”，用于询问物、动作或职业等(无明确范围) What is in your bag 你包里有什么？(物)
What are you doing 你在做什么？(动作)
What is your father 你爸爸是做什么的？(职业)
which “哪一个/哪一些”，用于询问已知范围内的人或事物，后接名词或单独使用 There are three girls.Which is Lucy
有三个女孩，哪一个是露西？
Which color do you like best？你最喜欢哪个颜色？
特殊疑问词 意义及用法 示例
when “何时”，用于询问具体时刻、日期、年份等 When does the train leave 火车什么时候开？
When is the school trip 学校旅行是哪天？
When were you born 你是哪一年出生的？
what time “几点”，仅用于询问具体时刻 What time does the class begin 几点开始上课？
where “在哪里，到哪里”，用于询问地点 Where do you live 你住在哪里？
特殊疑问词 意义及用法 示例
why “为什么”，用于询问原因，回答用because —Why are you late 你为什么迟
到？
—Because I missed the bus.因为我没赶上公交车。
how “怎样，如何”，用于询问方式 How do you go to school 你怎样去上学？
how many “多少”，后接复数名词，用于询问数量 How many books do you have 你有多少本书？
特殊疑问词 意义及用法 示例
how much “多少”，后接不可数名词，用于询问量 How much water is there 有多少水？
“多少钱”，用于询问金额 How much is this pen 这支笔多少钱？
how old “多大”，用于询问年龄 How old is your sister 你妹妹多大了？
how long “多长”，用于询问物体长度 How long is the river 这条河多长？
“多久”，用于询问持续时间，回答用“for＋时间段” —How long have you lived in this city 你在这个城市住了多久？
—For five years.五年。
特殊疑问词 意义及用法 示例
how soon “多久”，用于询问持续时间，回答用“in＋时间段” —How soon will you finish your homework 你多久能完成作业？
—In half an hour.半小时后。
how often “多久一次”，用于询问频率 How often do you exercise 你多久锻炼一次？
how far “多远”，用于询问距离 How far is it from your home to school
你家到学校有多远？
Ⅰ.单项选择
A
A
B
1.(2024 西藏)They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the
best
A.whose
B.whom
C.what
D.who
2.(2025 成都)—________ is the sports center closed today
—Here's a notice.Let's have a look.
A.Why
B.How
C.Whether
3.(2024 北 京 )—Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty.________ did you
buy it
—In a store near my home.
A.How
B.Where
C.Why
D.When
4.(2025 北 京 )—Steve, ________ did you begin to learn how to play
chess
B
D
B
—About two years ago.
A.what
B.when
C.why
D.where
5.(2025 遂 宁 )—Excuse me, sir.________ is it from here to the train
station
—Oh, it's about ten minutes' walk.
A.How long
B.How soon
C.How often
D.How far
6.(2025 扬州)—________ do you remember about this week's news
—None, I'm afraid.
A.How many
B.How much
C.How soon
D.How long
Ⅱ.按要求完成句子
7.(2025 重庆)Andy paid 30 yuan for his new book.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ did Andy pay for his new book
8.(2025 白银)My mom will come back home in an hour.(对画线部分
提问)
How
much
How
soon
________ ________ will your mom come back home
9.(2023 新 疆 )My father takes me to the Old People's Home once a
month.(对画线部分提问)
How
often
________ ________ does your father take you to the Old People's
Home
类型 构成 示例
肯定句 动词原形(＋其他成分). Be careful! 小心！(叮嘱)
Close the door before leaving.离开前关上门。(命令)
Pass me the salt, please.请把盐递给我。(请求)
Let＋宾语＋动词原形(＋其他成分). Let's go for a walk after dinner.晚饭后我们去散步吧。(建议)
考点
祈使句
类型 构成 示例
否定句 Don't/Never＋动词原
形(＋其他成分). Don't touch the hot stove.别碰热炉子。
(警告)
Don't be late for school again! 别再上学
迟到了！(告诫)
Never give up when you fail.失败时别放
弃。(鼓励)
No＋动词-ing. No smoking! 禁止吸烟！(警告)
类型 构成 示例
否定句 Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形(＋其他成分). Let's not waste time.咱们别浪费时间了。(建议)
Don't＋let＋宾语＋动词原形(＋其他成分). Don't let the boy play football in the street.不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。
(告诫)
单项选择
A
C
1.(2025 长 春 )________, Tutu, or you will be late for class.Only two
minutes left.
A.Hurry up
B.To hurry up
C.Hurrying up
2.(2025 广 元 )—Mike, ________ such a loud noise in the room.Your
sister is sleeping.
—OK, Dad.I won't do that again.
A.making
B.to make
C.don't make
3.(2024 绥化)“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can
C
B
A
watch TV for 30 minutes，” said his mum.
A.does
B.did
C.do
4.(2023 湘西)_______ swim on your way home.It's really dangerous.
A.Shouldn't
B.Don't
C.Doesn't
5.Life is like a journey.Let's ______ ahead, and we will see a lot more
beautiful scenery(风景).
A.plan
B.to plan
C.planning
D.plans
感叹词 构成 示例
what What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名
词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What a beautiful girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的女孩啊！
What a fine day it is! 多美好的一天啊！
What＋形容词＋复数名词/不
可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What kind women they are! 她们是多么善良的女性啊！
What useful information! 真是有用的信息啊！
考点
感叹句
感叹句可用来表达强烈情感(如喜悦、惊讶、愤怒、赞美、惋惜等)，
通常由 what 或 how 引导。
感叹词 构成 示例
how How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！ How beautiful the girl is! 这个女孩多漂亮啊！
How hard the workers are working! 这些工人工作得多努力啊！
How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies! 时间过得真快啊！
How the wind blows! 风刮得多猛啊！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词(＋主语＋谓语)!
★注意：该结构可与“What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词 (＋主语＋谓语)！”互换 How clever a boy he is！＝What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊！
How difficult a problem this is！＝What a difficult problem this is！这是个多么难的问题啊！
★技巧：感叹句中 what/how 的选择是重要考点，也是难点，其核
心在于判断被强调的成分是名词还是形容词/副词，具体方法是：去掉
句末的主语和谓语，剩下的部分若为名词(短语)，则用 what；剩下的
部分若为形容词/副词，则用 how。
Ⅰ.单项选择
C
D
1.(2025 绥 化 )________ good advice it is! I'm sure to make many
friends at the party.
A.How
B.What a
C.What
2.(2025 宿 迁 )—Sun Yingsha won the women's singles final at the
World Table Tennis Championships in Doha on May 25, 2025.
—________ exciting the news is!
A.What an
B.What
C.How an
D.How
How
clever
How
important
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
3.(2025 广州)令我欣喜的是，他们很快就完成了。他们真聪明！
To my joy, they finished it in a short time._________ _________ they
are!
a
meaningful
4.(2025 白银)终身学习真是太重要了！
_________ _________ lifelong learning is!
5.(2024 广州)这是一次多么有意义的经历啊！
________ ________ ___________ experience it is!
What
【语法点针对训练】
语法选择
On a sunny afternoon, a group of students were on a special field trip
to the old city observatory( 天 文 台 ).In the main hall, __1__ a huge
telescope that was over a hundred years old.No one had used it for years.
The teacher, Mr.Smith, pointed to a dusty wooden box next to the
telescope.
Suddenly, a curious student, Amy, asked, “__2__ is inside the box,
Mr.Smith？”
“I don't know，” he replied with a smile.“It hasn't been opened for a
long time.__3__ find out together.”
The students gathered around.Mr.Smith tried to open the box but the
lock was old.“__4__ can we open it without a key ？ ” another student
wondered.Just then, a small metal bar fell from the side of the box.
“__5__ lucky we are！” shouted Amy.“We can use this！”
After a few minutes, the box was opened.Inside, __6__ some old star
charts and a diary.
“Look！” said a boy.“__7__ any secret messages in the diary？”
Mr.Smith took out the diary and opened it carefully.“__8__ touch it,
please.The paper is very old.” On the first page, it read: “To the finders of
this box, __9__ you solve the riddle of the stars？”
The students were excited.Then they found a question at the end of
the diary, “__10__ stars are there in the Little Bear group ？ ” Nobody
knew the answer.
Mr.Smith encouraged them, “__11__ afraid to make a guess.”
Amy shouted, “Seven！”
Mr.Smith nodded.“Correct! __12__ a clever girl you are, Amy! Now,
__13__ find the star named Polaris.It's the brightest one.” Everyone looked
at the star chart.“__14__ a guide map next to the chart ？ ” a student
asked, and Mr.Smith found a small one under the diary.Following the guide,
they soon found the star.The whole experience was so fantastic, __15__？
B.there was
B.Where
B.Don't
B.How
B.What
B.there is
D.there had
D.Which
D.Could you
D.Where
D.Such
D.they were
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)1.A.it was
)2.A.How
)3.A.Let's
)4.A.Why
)5.A.How
)6.A.there was
)7.A.Is there
C.had
C.What
C.Let us to
C.When
C.So
C.there were
B.Are there
C.Do there have
D.Have there
B.Don't
B.are
D.Be not
D.have
(
(
(
)8.A.Not
)9.A.do
)10.A.How much
C.Please not
C.can
B.How many
C.What
D.Which
B
C
A
B
A
C
B
B
C
B
C
A
D
A
A
(
)11.A.Not be
B.Aren't
C.Don't be
D.Be not to be
B.How
B.must
D.Such
D.let's
(
(
(
)12.A.What
)13.A.to
)14.A.Is there
C.So
C.let's to
B.Are there
C.Does it have
D.Was it
(
)15.A.wasn't it
B.was it
C.is it
D.isn't it
【中考题型训练】
语法选择
(2025 广 州 中 学 二 模 )The sun was shining brightly—a good day for
the beach.I __1__ in my car when I saw some dolphins lying on the beach.I
knew they needed help.I jumped out of my car, took __2__ my shoes and
ran to the beach.I called the police but they were far away.I didn't know
__3__ to help them, so I posted a message on the Internet.I hoped someone
__4__ see it and come to save those lovely animals.
Minutes later, three teenage boys came first.“We had better __5__ or
they will die，” I said.Very soon, more people arrived.We decided __6__
the smaller dolphins first.We worked together and __7__ moved them back
to the deeper water.
Then something unusual happened which surprised us all.__8__ the
smaller dolphins were saved, none of them left.Instead, they stayed in the
water and made strange sounds to encourage __9__ dolphins.After the
rescue work was done, all the dolphins raised their heads from water and
swam around to show__10__ thanks to us.Then, they swam back to the
deep sea.
It touched me a lot and my heart was beating fast with __11__.The
dolphins had a great sense of helping each other when in trouble.I realized
that our volunteer group was just like the dolphins.On such a cold day,
__12__ cared about getting wet or dirty.Nothing would make us feel
__13__ than seeing all the dolphins were safe and sound.
For me, this is certainly __14__ unusual experience.Next time if the
same thing __15__, I will do the same.People can always learn from our
friends—animals.
C
A
A
D
A
B
D
B
B.has sat
B.on
B.why
B.should
B.hurried
B.to save
D.would sit
D.up
D.when
D.could
D.to hurry
D.saved
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)1.A.sit
)2.A.off
)3.A.how
)4.A.must
)5.A.hurry
)6.A.save
)7.A.succeeded
C.was sitting
C.out
C.what
C.may
C.hurrying
C.saving
B.success
C.successful
D.successfully
(
)8.A.Before
B.After
C.Whenever
D.Until
B
C
D
B
C
B
A
B.the other
B.them
B.excited
D.the others
D.theirs
D.excitement
(
(
(
(
)9.A.another
)10.A.they
)11.A.excites
)12.A.anybody
C.others
C.their
C.exciting
B.nobody
C.somebody
D.everybody
B.well
B.an
D.best
D./
(
(
(
)13.A.good
)14.A.a
)15.A.happens
C.better
C.the
B.happened
C.has happened
D.will happen

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