资源简介

(共67张PPT)
专题九
并列句和复合句
考点
并列连词和并列句
并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，表示并列、
递进、顺承、转折、对比、选择、因果等关系。
关系 并列连词 意义及用法 示例
并列/
递进 and “和，并且”，用于肯定句，可连接并列的句子成分或并列分句，表示并列、递进或顺承(在否定句中要用or) She likes apples and bananas.她喜欢苹果和香蕉。(并列)
He finished his homework and even helped with housework.他做完了作业，甚至还帮忙做了家务。(递进)
I opened the box, and a cute cat jumped out.我打开盒子，一只可爱的猫跳了出来。(顺承)
He doesn't like math or physics.他不喜欢数学，也不喜欢物理。(并列)
both...
and... “……和……都”，用于连接并列的句子成分，表示并列(并列主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式) Both my brother and I are students.
我和哥哥都是学生。
He can speak both English and French.
他既会说英语又会说法语。
关系 并列连词 意义及用法 示例
并列/
递进 not only...
but also... “不仅……而且……”，可连接并列的句子成分或并列分句，强调后者，表示递进(并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与but also后的成分保持一致) Not only he but also I am interested in music.不仅他，我也对音乐感兴趣。
She not only sings well but also dances beautifully.
她不仅唱歌好，而且跳舞也很美。
Not only does she work hard, but also she is helpful.她不仅工作努力，而且乐于助人。(连接分句时，not only分句使用部分倒装)
neither...
nor... “既不……也不……”，可连接并列的句子成分或并列分句(并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与nor后的成分保持一致) Neither you nor he likes spicy food.你和他都不喜欢吃辣。
It is neither hot nor cold today.今天既不热也不冷。
The child neither cries nor laughs.这孩子既不哭也不笑。
Neither does he smoke,_nor does he drink.他既不抽烟，也不喝酒。(连接分句时，通常两个句子都要使用部分倒装)
关系 并列连词 意义及用法 示例
转折/
对比 but “但是”，可连接并列的句子成分或并列分句，表示转折 The job is hard but interesting.这份工作很累，但很有趣。
She enjoys reading but hates writing.她喜欢读书但讨厌写作。
It rained heavily, but we still went hiking.
雨下得很大，但我们还是去徒步了。
while “然而”，连接并列分句，用于对比前后情况的差异 She is outgoing, while her sister is quiet.
她很外向，而她妹妹却很安静。
关系 并列连词 意义及用法 示例
选择 or “或者”，可连接并列的句子成分或并列分句，表示选择 Would you like tea or coffee 你想喝茶还是咖啡？
We can walk or take the bus.我们可以走路或者坐公交。
Stay here, or go with us.要么留在这儿，要么跟我们走。
either..
or... “要么……要么……”，用于连接并列的句子成分或并列分句，表示选择(并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与or后的成分保持一致) Either you or he is wrong.要么你错了，要么他错了。
She wants either a cat or a dog as a pet.
她想要一只猫或者一只狗当宠物。
Either you apologize, or I'll tell the teacher.
要么你道歉，要么我就告诉老师。
关系 并列连词 意义及用法 示例
因果 so “所以，因此”，连接并列分句，表示结果(不能与because连用) It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.
雨下得很大，所以我们待在了家里。
The restaurant was full, so we went to another one.
这家餐厅满座了，所以我们去了另一家。
for “因为”，连接并列分句，补充说明原因(通常不放在句首，用逗号与前一分句隔开) He didn't go out, for it was cold.他没出去，因为天很冷。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
他一定生病了，因为他今天没来。
★拓展：and/or 可用于连接祈使句和陈述句，表示条件与结果，
其具体用法如下：
①祈使句＋and＋陈述句(表顺承/肯定结果，即如果做到祈使句的
动作，就会产生陈述句的结果)，通常译为“只要……就……”。
Work hard, and you'll make progress.只要努力学习，你就会进步。
②祈使句＋or＋陈述句(表转折/否定结果，即如果不做到祈使句的
动作，就会产生陈述句的结果)，通常译为“……否则/不然就会……”。
Hurry up, or we'll miss the bus.快点儿，不然我们就会错过公交车。
先练基础——单句训练
Ⅰ.单项选择
C
C
1.(2025 北 京 )Janet has done a lot for us, ________ we want to write
her a thank-you letter.
A.or
B.but
C.so
D.for
2.(2025 云南)Fast food tastes delicious.________ eating it too often is
bad for your health.
A.Or
B.And
C.But
D.So
3.(2024 龙东地区)We must get up at 7：00 tomorrow morning, _____
B
A
we'll be late for the train.
A.and
B.or
C.but
4.(2024 江西)Oh, I get it—you want me to do all the work ________
you sit at home doing nothing.
A.or
B.while
C.until
D.unless
5.(2023 扬州)Everyone will have to get out of their houses ________
meet their neighbours.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
B
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
6.(2023 朝阳)你要么可以浏览网络，要么可以浏览最新的报纸来获
取信息。
either
or
Not
only
but
also
You can look through ________ the Internet ________ the latest
newspapers to get the information.
7.(2025 广州大学附中三模改编)我们不但学到很多知识，并且体验
了真正的务农。
________ ________ did we gain a lot of knowledge, ________
________ we experienced true farming.
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
Our school held a charity sale(义卖) last Friday.My friend Jack and I
decided to join.I was in charge of selling my old books, __8__ Jack was
responsible for the handmade toys.At first, there weren't many customers.
We felt a little disappointed, __9__ we didn't give up.“We must think of a
better way, __10__ we will sell nothing all day，” Jack said.So, we started
to work together.He introduced my books, and I showed his cool toys.Soon,
more and more people came to our stand.Our plan worked, __11__ we sold
out everything before the sale ended.
Through this activity, we __12__ learned how to run a small business
but also understood the joy of helping others.It was a meaningful day.
C
A
D
B
C
(
(
(
(
(
)8.A.or
)9.A.but
)10.A.and
)11.A.because
)12.A.either
B.so
B.so
B.but
B.so
B.neither
C.and
C.or
C.so
C.but
C.not only
D.for
D.because
D.or
D.though
D.both
考点
从属连词和状语从句
在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，根据其表达的意义可分为
时间、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、方式等类型。状语从句的引
导词叫从属连词。
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
时间
状语
从句 when “当……时候”，主从句动作可同时发生，也可一前一后，从句谓语可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词，且时态灵活 When I grow up, I will be a doctor.当我长
大，我将成为一名医生。(主将从现，动作一前一后发生)
When the doorbell rang, I was having breakfast.门铃响时，我正在吃早饭。(主过从过，动作同时发生)
When he had learned the new words, he started to read the text.他学完新单词后，开始读课文。(主过从过，动作一前一后发生)
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
时间
状语
从句 while “当……时候”，强调主从句动作同时发生，从句谓语必须是延续性动词，常与进行时连用 While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.我读书的时候，妹妹在看电视。
While my mom was cooking, I was doing homework.妈妈做饭时，我在写作业。
as “一边……一边……，随着”，强调两个动作同时发生 As we walked, we talked.我们边走边聊。
The sky got darker and darker as the storm approached.随着暴风雨的临近，天空越来越暗。
before “在……前”，主句动作先于从句动作发生 I will finish my homework before my mom comes back.妈妈回来前，我会做完作业。
He had left before I arrived.我到之前，他已经走了。
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
时间
状语
从句 after “在……后”，主句动作在从句动作之后发生 We'll go for a walk after it stops raining.雨停后我们会去散步。
After he finished his work, he went home.他完成工作就回家了。
until “直到”，用于肯定句时，主句谓语为延续性动词，表示动作一直持续到某个时间才停止；用于否定句时，主句谓语为非延续性动词，表示直到某个时间动作才开始 He waited until she came back.他一直等到她回来。(一直在等，直到她回来才停止等待)
He didn't leave until the rain stopped.直到雨停了，他才离开。(离开的动作直到雨停止时才发生)
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
时间
状语
从句 since “自从……以来”，强调从句动作是过去某个时间点发生的，主句动作从那时一直持续到现在，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时(延续性动词) I have lived here since I was 5.我从5岁起就住在这里。(5岁是过去时间，“住”的动作从5岁开始，一直持续到现在)
She hasn't seen him since he left.自从他走 后，她就没见过他。(“走”发生在过去，“没见”从“走”开始，一直持续到现
在)
as soon as “一……就”，表示从句动作一发生，主句动作紧跟着发生，遵循“主将从现原则” I'll call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。
The dog ran to me as soon as it saw me.狗一看见我就朝我跑过来。
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
条件
状语
从句 if “如果”，表示正面条件，遵循“主将从现原则” If it rains tomorrow, we won't go on a picnic.如果明天下雨，我们就不去野餐了。
unless “除非”，表示反面条件，相当于if...not Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam.
＝If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.你要是不努力学习，就无法通过考试。
as long as “只要”，表示前提条件，遵循“主将从现原则” As long as the sun shines, plants will grow.
只要太阳照耀，植物就会生长。
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
原因
状语
从句 because “因为”，表示直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答 why的提问(不能与so连用) She was late for school because she missed the bus.她上学迟到了，因为她没赶上公交车。
—Why are you crying 你为什么哭？
—Because I lost my favorite toy.因为我弄丢了最喜欢的玩具。
since “既然”，表示已知的、显而易见的原因，语气中等，主句常表示根据这个原因得出的结论 Since you're free today, let's go to the park.
既然你今天有空，我们去公园吧。
Since everyone is here, let's start the meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。
as “由于，因为”，表附带说明的原因，语气最弱 As it was getting dark, we decided to go home.由于天快黑了，我们决定回家。
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
结果
状语
从句 so...
that... “如此……以至于”，so后接形容词或副词 He is so tall that he can reach the apples on the tree.他长得很高，能够到树上的苹果。
He ran so fast that no one could catch him.
他跑得太快了，以至于没人能追上他。
such...
that... “如此……以至于”，such后接名词(短语) It's such a beautiful_day that we want to go out for a walk.天气如此好以至于我们想出去散步。
目的
状语
从句 so that “为了，以便”，从句中常含有情态动词 I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
我努力学习是为了能通过考试。
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.他早起是为了能赶上第一班车。
in order
that “为了，以便”，强调刻意为了某个目的而做 In order that the children can be safe, parents keep an eye on them.为了孩子们的安全，父母时刻留意他们。
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
让步
状语
从句 though/
although “虽然，尽管”，不能和 but连用，但可以和yet/still连用，加强语气 Though/Although it was late, he still went
on working.虽然很晚了，但他仍继续工作。
Though/Although it rained heavily, yet/still
we went to school on time.尽管雨下得很大，
我们仍然按时上学。
even if/
even though “即使”，语气比though/although更强 We'll go on a picnic even if it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我们也要去野餐。
Even though he was tired, he kept working.
他虽然很累，还是继续工作。
分类 从属连词 意义及用法 示例
方式
状语
从句 as “按照，像……一样” She sings as her mother does.她唱歌像她妈妈一样。
You must do as your teacher tells you.
你必须按照老师说的做。
as if/
as though “看起来像……” He talks as if he knows everything.
他说话的样子好像什么都知道一样。
The girl cried as though she were sad.
那个女孩哭了，好像很伤心的样子。
先练基础——单句训练
Ⅰ.单项选择
C
C
1.(2025 扬 州 )The wind power of our country develops more quickly
________ we push for green energy.
A.though
B.before
C.as
D.until
2.(2025 凉山)—Labor education is important for students' development.
—Sure.________ schools put it into practice, students will be more
independent.
A.Although
B.Unless
C.If
3.(2025 无锡)________ it may not work on everyone, it may work on
you.
A
C
A
A.Though
B.But
C.Because
D.Since
4.(2025 绥 化 )Nowadays more and more people take exercise every
day ________ they can have healthier bodies.
A.such that
B.in order to
C.so that
5.(2025 连云港)_______ over 400 million adults are too heavy, China
has made a plan to help its people with weight control.
A.Since
B.Unless
C.Though
D.Until
6.(2024 常州)Practice is very important.You will forget the new words
________ you often use them.
B
C
A
A.when
B.unless
C.if
D.until
7.(2024 无 锡 )Everyone loves my dog Coffee, ________ he often
makes a mess at home.
A.until
B.since
C.though
D.whether
8.(2024 攀 枝 花 )We should keep our hearts open ________ we can
find more and more chances to get to know more people and their cultures.
A.so that
C.as long as
B.as soon as
D.even though
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
9.(2024 广州)这种赛跑太难，他们训练时总是摔倒。
This kind of race was ________ hard ________ they kept falling over
while practising.
10.(2024 枣庄)尽管用英语讲中国故事充满挑战，但是我们应该勇
敢面对。
so
that
Even
though/if
________ ___________ it's full of challenges to tell China's stories in
English, we should face them bravely.
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
Last Saturday morning, a group of student volunteers arrived at the
city park.__11__ they got off the bus, they put on their gloves and got
ready to work.
__12__ the weather was a little hot, everyone was full of energy.They
started their work immediately __13__ they knew their actions could make
the park a better place.The students worked in teams.__14__ some were
picking up bottles and plastic bags, others were sweeping the fallen leaves.
They decided not to take a break __15__ every corner of the park was
clean.The task wouldn't be easy __16__ everyone worked together.
After three hours of hard work, the park became __17__ clean and
beautiful __18__ it looked like a new one.The students felt very proud.
They did all this __19__ more local residents could enjoy a wonderful
environment.__20__ they have a chance next time, they will come and do
more for their community.
C
A
D
B
A
B
D
B
A
C
(
)11.A.Since
B.While
C.As soon as
D.Until
(
)12.A.Although B.But
C.Because
D.If
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)13.A.so
)14.A.When
)15.A.until
)16.A.if
)17.A.such
)18.A.so
)19.A.so that
)20.A.Unless
B.until
B.While
B.since
B.unless
B.very
B.that
B.as long as
B.Whether
C.though
C.Before
C.if
C.when
C.too
C.as
C.even if
C.If
D.because
D.After
D.as
D.that
D.so
D.which
D.such that
D.Though
考点
宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句多位于及物动词
或介词之后。
1.引导词
宾语从句的引导词称为连接词，一般分为三类：①由陈述句转化
而来的宾语从句一般用 that 引导；②由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从
句一般用 if/whether 引导；③由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句一般用
其原本的特殊疑问词引导，这些特殊疑问词根据其功能可分为连接代
词和连接副词。
连接词 用法 示例
that 只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中不作成分，通常可以省略 She said (that) she would come tomorrow.
她说她明天会来。
if/whether(是否) 在从句中不作成分，不可以省略 He asked if/whether I had finished my homework.他问我是否完成了我的作业。
连接代词：what
(什么)、who(谁)、whose(谁的)、
which(哪一个/些)
等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语，不可以省略 I want to know who will come to the party.我想知道谁会来参加派对。(作主语)
Can you tell me whom you are talking about 你能告诉我你在谈论谁吗？(作宾语)
I don't know what he is.我不知道他是做什么的。(作表语)
She asked whose book this was.她问这是谁的书。(作定语)
连接词 用法 示例
连接副词：where(在
哪儿)、when(什么时
候)、why(为什么)、
how(怎么样)等 在从句中作状语，不可
以省略 I wonder where she lives.我好奇她住在哪里。
He asked when the meeting would start.
他问会议何时开始。
Mr.Zhang asked him why he was late for school.
张老师问他为什么上学迟到。
Can you show me how I can get to the station
你能告诉我怎么去车站吗？
★注意：if 和 whether 大多数情况可以互换，但以下情况只能用
whether：
(1)在介词后面：We are talking about whether we should hold a party.
我们正在讨论该不该举办派对。
(2)与 or not 直接连用时：I don't know whether or not he will agree.
我不知道他会不会同意。
(3)与不定式连用时： She hasn't decided whether to accept the
invitation.她还没决定是否接受邀请。
主句 从句 示例
现在时态 可根据实际需要使用任何时态(主现从不限) He says that he is a student.他说他现在是一名学生。
He says that he was a student.他说他曾是一名学生。
He says that he will be a student.他说他将会是一名学生。
2.时态
宾语从句的时态通常受到主句谓语动词时态的影响。
主句 从句 示例
过去时态 必须使用相应的过去时态(主过从也过) He said, “I am fine.”→He said that he was fine.他说他很好。
She said, “I will call you.”→She said that she would call me.她说会给我打电话。
He asked, “What are you doing？”→He asked what I was doing.他问我在干什么。
★注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、科学事实或名人名言，
即使主句使用过去时态，从句仍然使用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。
3.语序
把两个独立的句子变成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，无论作从
句的句子原本是哪种语序，变成复合句后，从句一定要使用“陈述句
语序(即主语在前，谓语在后)”。
独立句 1：She said.＋独立句 2：She will go to Beijing.
→She said (that) she will go to Beijing.
独立句 1：I want to know.＋独立句 2：Where can I find the library
→I want to know where I can find the library.
独立句 1：He asked.＋独立句 2：What does she like
→He asked what she likes.
独立句 1：They wonder.＋独立句 2：Is Tom coming
→They wonder if/whether Tom is coming.
独立句 1 ： Do you know ？ ＋ 独立句 2 ： When did the accident
happen
→Do you know when the accident happened
★拓展：宾语从句的否定前移
当主句的谓语动词是表示 “认为、相信、猜想”等意义的词(如
think、believe、expect 等)，且主语是第一人称(I/we)时，宾语从句为否
定意义时，通常把从句的否定词 not 转移到主句的谓语动词上。但如
果主句主语不是第一人称，否定词则不转移。
I think he is right.我认为他是对的。
变为否定形式：I don't think he is right.我认为他不对。
They expect the rain will stop tomorrow.他们预计明天雨会停。
变为否定形式：They expect the rain won't stop tomorrow.他们预计
明天雨不会停。
先练基础——单句训练
Ⅰ.单项选择
D
B
1.(2024 南 京 )In a questionnaire about smart technology, students are
asked ________ it changes their study.
A.who
B.whose
C.what
D.how
2.(2025 安 徽 )—Mum, could you tell me ________ we used to visit
my grandparents every week
—They will be happy to see us.
A.what
B.why
C.where
D.how
3.(2025 无 锡 )—That sounds interesting! May I ask ________ to see
the changes
D
D
— Well, it depends.Some people take a while, and some others take
forever.
A.how much will it cost
C.how much it will cost
B.how long will it take
D.how long it will take
4.(2025 宿迁)—Excuse me, could you tell me ______？
—It usually opens at nine o'clock.
A.how I can get to the bank
C.how far the bank is
B.where the bank is
D.when the bank opens
5.(2025 遂宁)—Could you please tell me ________？
D
—Certainly, there is a modern library on Binjiang Road.You can find
different kinds of books here.
A.how far the library is
B.what I can learn from books
C.if there is a mall near here
D.where I can find a quiet place to read
Ⅱ.按要求改写句子，每空一词。
6.(2025 广州)他们担心自己能否学会这些技能。
They worried _______________ ________ ________ ________ these
skills.
if/whether
they
could
learn
7.(2023 广州)我最喜爱的科目是美术。我也在思考我怎样能借助数
学把画画得更好。
How
I
can
draw
My favourite subject is art.I am also thinking about _______ _______
________ ________ better with the help of maths.
8.“I will have a birthday party next Sunday，” said Lily.(改为含宾
语从句的复合句)
would
have
Lily said that she ________ ________ a birthday party the next
Sunday.
9.“Does your father work in this factory ？” he asked me.( 改为含
宾语从句的复合句)
He asked me __________ my father ________ in that factory.
10.“What's your name？” the policeman asked the boy.(改为含宾
语从句的复合句)
The policeman asked the boy _______ _______ ________ _______.
if/whether
worked
what
his
name
was
Ⅲ.单句改错
11.Please ask him that he can help us.
that→if/whether
12.Do you know where does he live
does he live→he lives
13.She asked me why was I so angry.
was I→I was
14.I am not sure about if he is honest.
if→whether
15.He told me that he will visit the Great Wall the next week.
will→would
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
The school's annual science fair was coming.Mr.Harrison, the science
teacher, called a meeting with the student leaders.He wanted to know
__16__ they had any new ideas for this year's event.
One student, Mike, raised his hand and said __17__ it would be a
great idea to invite some university professors to be the judges.Everyone
agreed.Then, another student, Lily, asked the teacher __18__ the science
fair would be held because the main hall was under repair.Mr.Harrison was
not sure.He told them he needed to check with the school office first.He
also reminded the students that the headmaster said last week that he
__19__ his full support to make the event a success.“The most important
task for you now，” Mr.Harrison said finally, “is to decide __20__ makes
a project really stand out.”
B
A
D
C
A
(
(
)16.A.that
)17.A.that
B.whether
B.if
C.what
C.why
D.which
D.when
D.where
(
(
)18.A.what time B.when
)19.A.gives
C.how
B.is giving
C.would give
D.will give
(
)20.A.what
B.how
C.why
D.which
考点
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句常跟
在被修饰的名词或代词之后，起形容词的作用。被修饰的名词或代词
称为先行词。连接先行词和定语从句的引导词称为关系词。
关系词分为关系代词(that、who、which、whom、whose 等)和关系
副词(when、where、why)。初中阶段主要掌握关系代词 which、that、
who 的用法。
关系词 先行词 用法 示例
which 物 在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略) I don't like the movies that/which are too scary.我不喜欢太恐怖的电影。(指物，在从句中作主语)
This is the girl that/who helped me last week.这就是上周帮助过我的那个女孩。(指人，在从句中作主语)
The story (that/which) she told us was very funny.
她给我们讲的那个故事很有趣。(指物，在从句中作宾语)
Do you know the boy (that/who) we met at the park
你认识我们在公园遇到的那个男孩吗？(指人，在从句中作宾语)
that 人或物
who 人
情况 示例
当先行词是all、everything、nothing、none、few、little等不定代词时，或被all、every、any、no、little、few、much等修饰时 I have told you all that I know.我已经告知你我所知道的一切。
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said？你已经记下李老师讲的一切了吗？
当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们参观伦敦的第一站是大本钟。
★注意：只用 that 不用 which/who 的情况
情况 示例
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
当先行词被the very/only/ same/last等修饰时 He is the only person that can help you.他是唯一能帮你的人。
当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the things and people that they saw in that country.他们讨论着在那个国家见到的人和事。
主句以which或who开头时，为避免重复 Which is the bike that you want to buy？你想要买哪一辆自行车？
关系词 先行词 用法 示例
whom 人 在从句中作宾语(在介词后不可省略) The teacher to whom I spoke was very kind.和我说话的那个老师很和善。(介词后只能用whom，不能用who或that)
★拓展：广州市中考英语试卷阅读部分会出现其他关系词引导的
定语从句，适当了解其他关系词引导的定语从句可以帮助同学们更好
地理解阅读文章，恰当地运用定语从句进行写作也可以为写作增彩。
下面为同学们介绍其他关系词引导的定语从句，同学们了解即可。
关系词 先行词 用法 示例
whose 人或物 表示“……的”，在从句中作定语 She is the girl whose mother is a famous singer.她就是那个妈妈是著名歌手的女孩。(指人)
I have a car whose color is blue.我有一辆颜色是蓝色的小汽车。
(指物)
when 表示时间
的词语 在从句中作时间状语 I'll never forget the day when I joined the army.我永远不会忘记我参军的日子。
关系词 先行词 用法 示例
where 表示地点
的词语 在从句中作地点状语 This is the factory where my father works.这就是我爸爸工作的工厂。
why reason 在从句中作原因状语 This is the reason why he was late.这就是他迟到的原因。
★技巧：如何确定定语从句的关系词
第一步：找准先行词，判断指人还是指物；
第二步：分析从句，判断从句中是否缺少成分(主语、宾语等)；
第三步：根据以上两步，选择正确的关系词。
先行词是人，从句缺主/宾语→who/that
先行词是物，从句缺主/宾语→which/that
先行词是人/物，从句缺定语→whose＋名词
先行词是地点，从句不缺主/宾→where
先行词是时间，从句不缺主/宾→when
单项选择
B
C
1.(2025 成 都 )It's hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have
spent the past three years with us.
A.which
B.who
C.what
2.(2025 遂宁)—What kinds of after-school activities do you like
—I like those activities ________ are about P.E.and art.
A.who
B.whom
C.which
D./
3.(2025 绥化)—Did you watch the most exciting dance _______ was
performed by robots during the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the
Snake
B
C
C
—Yes, it was amazing.
A.which
B.that
C.who
4.(2025 乐 山 )Chengdu is a city in China ________ has two airports
because of the opening of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport.
A.where
B.who
C.that
5.(2024 乐山)—I'll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the
volunteer work last summer.
—Me too.The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A.when
B.who
C.that
【语法点针对训练】
语法选择
Leo, a clever teenager, made a special robot named Sparky.He didn't
just make it for fun, __1__ he wanted the robot to help lonely people.
Sparky was a robot __2__ could understand human feelings.Leo often
wondered __3__ Sparky could truly work in the real world.
He decided to test it.He took Sparky to a park __4__ an old man
named Mr.Chen often sat alone.At first, Mr.Chen seemed unhappy and
didn't want to talk.He was surprised __5__ he saw a robot offering him a
cup of warm tea.Sparky started a gentle conversation __6__ it noticed
Mr.Chen looked sad.The robot said softly that it understood __7__
Mr.Chen missed his old friends.
This simple act of kindness worked.Mr.Chen began to talk, __8__
Sparky listened patiently.Mr.Chen felt much better __9__ he had someone
to talk to.He even gave Leo a suggestion, “You should add more functions,
__10__ Sparky will be more popular.” Leo wanted to know __11__
Mr.Chen would like to see Sparky again.The old man smiled and said he
would be happy to.
Leo continued to improve the robot __12__ it could help more people.
He didn't stop working, __13__ he knew his invention was meaningful.
Finally, Leo's efforts paid off __14__ he won a national prize for his
creation.This experience proved that technology can be a warm bridge
__15__ connects human hearts.
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)1.A.and
)2.A.which
)3.A.whether
)4.A.which
)5.A.though
)6.A.because
)7.A.which
)8.A.while
)9.A.before
)10.A.and
B.but
B.who
B.why
B.that
B.if
B.until
B.who
B.but
B.after
B.but
C.so
C.whom
C.what
C.when
C.when
C.since
C.that
C.or
C.until
C.for
D.or
D.what
D.how
D.where
D.unless
D.before
D.how
D.so
D.while
D.or
B
A
A
D
C
A
D
A
B
A
C
B
B
D
B
(
(
(
(
(
)11.A.that
)12.A.even if
)13.A.though
)14.A.until
)15.A.whom
B.what
B.so that
B.because
B.while
B.which
C.whether
C.as though
C.if
C.though
C.who
D.who
D.such that
D.after
D.when
D.what
【中考题型训练】
语法选择
(2025 广州大学附中三模改编)Cristina Mittermeier, __1__ pioneering
photographer, cares about nature and wants to protect it.Her lens( 镜 头 )
inspires action and offers hope.
Mittermeier's love for nature began early.This love led her __2__
marine(海洋的) biology, a field she focused on with the dream of studying
whales at __3__.But soon she saw the damaging __4__ of industrial fishing,
which caused a change in her career.“What I wanted to do was try __5__
best to call on the whole world to understand __6__ easily the oceans can
__7__ ， ” she explained.Science, while necessary, felt not enough to
influence a larger population.Photography became her chosen tool.
She has invented a form of “visual medicine”, balancing the
seriousness of environmental problems with a call to action.Her ideas for
__8__ nature are practical and include listening to what local people know
and how they live with the environment.
Mittermeier's __9__ book Hope shows her efforts in environmental
protection.By working with people from all over the world to create the
book, she turned it __10__ a group effort instead of just her own.The
book's 130 photographs, covering twenty years, are displayed(展示) on the
basis of themes __11__ tell the story of life on our planet.
Through her work, Mittermeier continually __12__ importance to the
role of the youth in reshaping the planet's future.Visual storytelling, she
argues, is __13__ to encourage young people to take action quickly—by
directing attention to finding means of solving problems and celebrating
victories, however small.
Cristina Mittermeier's life shows the great power of art with a purpose.
Her lens catches not just what is __14__ what could be, urging us all to act
toward a future where people and nature can live __15__.
(
(
(
(
(
(
)1.A.a
)2.A.study
)3.A.one
)4.A.affect
)5.A.I
)6.A.how
B.an
B.to study
B.ones
B.affects
B.my
B.how an
C.the
C.studying
C.first
C.effects
C.me
C.what
D./
D.studied
D.firstly
D.effective
D.mine
D.what an
(
)7.A.are destroyed
B.be destroy
C.being destroyed
D.be destroyed
(
(
(
)8.A.help
)9.A.late
)10.A.with
B.helping
B.lateness
B.on
C.helped
C.latest
C.at
D.to help
D.lately
D.into
A
B
C
C
B
A
D
B
C
D
A
B
D
B
D
B.what
D.why
(
(
)11.A.that
)12.A.attach
C.how
B.attaches
C.had attached
D.have attached
(
(
(
)13.A.like
)14.A.and
)15.A.peace
B.alike
B.but
B.peaces
C.likes
C.so
C.peaceful
D.likely
D.or
D.peacefully

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