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(共30张PPT)
Unit 1 Helping those
in need
沪教牛津版八年级下册
Grammar
Key question
Why is it important to help others
主题范畴：人与社会
hold a singing competition
…
hold an art festival
hold a food fair
hold a charity fair
What will you do if you want to raise money
I want to…
I hope to…
I plan to…
Read the following dialogue, pay attention to the phrase “to do”, and try to summarize how to use it.
A: My parents and teachers always encourage me to help others who
are in need. And now I’m a volunteer.
B: That’s so great! You can do it to help lots of people.
A: Yes, we’ve planned to visit the nursing home this weekend. Do you
want to join us
B: I’d love to! Can you tell me what to do when we get there
A: The old people there always expect us to visit them. And we will
help them (to) clean the room and have a walk with them.
Sometimes, we teach them to sing songs and play games.
B: I’m in! It’s meaningful! I hope to be a volunteer like you.
We must do everything we can to help those in need.
A: Great! Let’s work together to make others live more happily.
Can you conclude the structures of the following “to do” sentences
We’ve planned to visit the nursing home this weekend.
I hope to be a volunteer like you.
Can you tell me what to do when we get there
动词+ to do / 特殊疑问词+ to do
My parents and teachers always encourage me to help others who are in need
The old people there always expect us to visit them.
We will help them to clean the room and have a walk with them.
We teach them to sing songs and play games.
You can do it to help lots of people.
We must do everything we can to help those in need.
Let’s work together to make others live more happily.
动词+ sb. + to do
to do 表目的
Infinitives
The infinitive is the basic form of a verb. Some verbs can be followed by to + infinitive or object + (to) + infinitive.
Jin Ya wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home.
My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time.
We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life.
不定式作宾语:动词+ to do
不定式作宾语补足语: 动词 + sb. + to do
We often use to + infinitive after these verbs: want, continue, offer, plan, etc.
We often use object + to + infinitive after these verbs: encourage, tell, ask, etc.
Can you think of any other verbs that use these two structures
后接不定式作宾语的动词有:
后接不定式作宾补的动词有:
hope wish agree decide choose
offer plan learn promise start
volunteer arrange want would like...
动词+ to do
动词 + sb. + to do
advise encourage teach warn wish
allow promise tell ask invite
order expect want would like...
1. We promised not to be late.
2. We hope not to wait long.
3. I plan not to eat too much sweet food.
4. The teacher tells us not to be late.
5. My mum asked me not to open the box.
6. Lily advises Lucy not to stay up late at night.
7. Mum tells me not to read in the sun.
动词不定式的否定结构为: not to do
“ 疑问词 ＋不定式 ” 结构
　动词不定式可以和疑问词 what, which, when, where, how等连用，相当于
疑问词+to do = 疑问词+主语+should+do
He doesn’t know ________________.
　他不知道要穿什么.
what to wear
We can use question words + to +infinitives after decide, know, learn and remember.
Do you know how to help disabled people
I know where to go.
She can remember what to say.
= what he should wear
After certain verbs, such as see, hear, help, make and let, we usually use infinitives without to.
He saw a volunteer help an elderly lady.
She heard the singer perform for the children in the next room.
The students helped the woman (to) find her bag.
Look!
感官动词和使役动词，如：make / let / see / hear / watch / notice 之后接动词不定式作宾语补足语需省略 to
help后接不定式作宾语补足语可以省略 to也可以不省略to
Dong Lili: Morning, Jin Ya. We’re organizing a painting competition, and we’re _________________________________ (invite, everyone, take part in) it. Would you like to take part
Jin Ya: Yes, I'd love to! I _____________(want, paint) a picture of the park near my home, but the doctor won’t __________(let, I, go) out. He _______________(tell, I, stay) in hospital.
Dong Lili: Do you ______________(want, I, take) some photos for you
Jin Ya: Yes, that would be very kind of you!
Dong Lili: I’ll go there this weekend to take some photos. I’ll show them to you next week and ___________________(teach, you, paint).
Jin Ya: Thanks for your help!
inviting everyone to take part in
want to paint
let me go
told me to stay
want me to take
teach you to paint
Practice
Dong Lili is visiting Jin Ya in the plete their conversation with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. I saw a teenager to carry an old lady’s bags.
2. My teacher often helps me solving maths problems.
3. She hopes her to pass the mid-term exam.
4. My mum asked me to not go anywhere today.
5. Have a bright future, we try our best to gain knowledge.
(to) solve
not to
To have
see sb. do
help sb. (to) do
hope to do
ask sb. not to do
Find out the mistakes in the sentences.
We can use infinitives to express the purpose of an action.
动词不定式可以用于表达一个动作的目的。
动词不定式作目的状语
Wash your hands to stay clean.
Wash your hands to get rid of viruses.
Wash your hands to prevent the spread of diseases.
Wash your hands to keep everyone healthy!
洗手以保持清洁。
Wash your hands to stay clean.
如:为了帮助有需要的儿童，我们计划下周组织一次孤儿院探访活动。
In order to help children in need, we plan to organize a visit to the children’s home next week.
为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，常用短语in order to，并放句首强调目的。
动词不定式可以作目的状语
Why did the three teenagers offer to do some voluntary work during the school holidays
Why did Dong Lili go to the children’s hospital
Why did Dong Lili go to the park near Jin Ya’s home
They did some voluntary work during the school holidays to help others.
Dong Lili went to the children's hospital to cheer the children up with some fun activities.
Dong Lili went to the park near Jin Ya’s home to take some photos for her painting.
Practice
Answer the questions below with infinitives. Use the information from the posts on page 5 to help you.
(4) Why did Wang Jie and his mother encourage Liu Yun to share her stories
(5) Why did Ding Ling teach disabled children to sing
Wang Jie and his mother encouraged Liu Yun to share her stories to help her express her feelings.
Ding Ling taught disabled children to sing to bring them joy.
Dear all,
I am writing to invite you ________ us for our annual Fun Run on 15 June this year. The run starts from the school playground and participants are able to choose ________ part in a 2-, 3- or 5-kilometre run.
We advise all the participants _______ your running shorts and T-shirts ready and good running shoes are a must! Good preparation will let you _______ the run more. During the run, you will see volunteers offering services like giving cold drinks.
Last year we raised a total of 10,500 yuan and we donated it to the children’s hospital. This time we expect ________ over 12,000 yuan. We are going to raise money ________ books for the school library. So your participation will be warmly welcomed!
__________ the run, please email funrun@...
Thanks in advance for your support!
Li Ming
Yangguang Junior High School Fun Run Manager
P134
buy enjoy enter get join raise take make
to join
to take
to get
enjoy
to raise
To enter
to buy
4 Write a dialogue about your experiences helping others or your future volunteering plans. Use at least three infinitives in the dialogue.
S1: What do you plan to do to help people in need
S2: I plan to raise money to buy books for children with no parents, and I hope to raise 300. What about you
S3: I want to help elderly people do their housework. ...
S1: What can we do to help children in poor areas
S2: We can donate money and clothes. To do that, we first need to raise some money.
S3: Our head teacher asked us to organize a school fair.
S4: That’s a good way to raise money!
Role-play a conversation about helping others. Use at least two different infinitive structures. You can use the example below to help you.
More practice
一、选择最佳答案填空。
( )1. Lucy wanted ____ an article on animals.
A. write B. to write C. to writing D. writing
( )2. Let your mother ___ what you have decided.
A. know B. to know C. knowing D. known
( )3. We must work hard ___ a better life.
A. live B. living C. to living D. to live
( )4. Do you know when ___ tomorrow morning
A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. will leave
( )5. Our English teacher often asks us _____ English in the morning.
A. read B. reading C. to reading D. to read
B
A
D
C
D
二、根据句意, 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It's time for us _______ (have) supper．
2. Would you like ______ (go) shopping with me？
3. It took us half an hour _______ (work) out the problem．
4. We saw them _______ (come) into the room just now．
to have
to go
to work
come
5. They prefer ________ (stay) at home rather than go out．
6. Have you got anything _____ (say)
7. Have you decided which one ________ (choose)
8. Do you know when________ (start)
9. I am sorry. I forgot _____ (tell) you the news．
10. What he said made me _____ (feel) sorry．
to stay
to say
to choose
to start
to tell
feel
三、同义句转换。
1. They got up early so that they could get there in time.
They got up early ____ ____ there in time.
2. He hopes that he can visit the Canton Tower.
He hopes ____ ____ the Canton Tower.
3. His father went to Beijing on holiday.
His father went to Beijing ____ ______ his holiday.
4. Mary’s brother decided that he would buy the T-shirt.
Mary’s brother decided ____ ____ the T-shirt.
to get
to visit
to spend
to buy
中考链接
1. They aren’t dangerous, so I decided _____ it quietly. Then it slowly swam away.(2025广州中考)
A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched
2. Now we are trying our best _____ the penguin eggs. (2024广州中考)
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. protected
3. So the government is taking action to stop people _____ for a whole season every year.(2024广州中考)
A. fish B. fished C. to fish D. fishing
中考链接
4. My dad asked me _____ it into the kitchen. (2022广州中考)
A. bring B. bringing C. brought D. to bring
5. ...the corn was saved all because one little raindrop tried its best _____ what it could. (2021广州中考)
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did
6. Early on a sunny morning, David and his donkeys stop at a river _____. (2020广州中考)
A. drink B. drinking C. drinks D. to drink
7. Today people use modern machines _____ at the sky. (2019广州中考)
A. look B. to look C. looking D. looked
Summary
基本结构 肯定形式：to do 否定形式：not to do
作宾语 hope / wish / want / agree / decide / choose / offer / plan / promise / start / would like ... + to do
*how / what / who / where等疑问词 + to do
*think / find等 + it adj. to do，it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语
作宾补 ask / tell / allow / encourage / teach / warn/invite ...+sb. to do
作目的状语 等同于in order to，也相当于so that，但so that后要跟从句
特殊用法 感官动词和使役动词，如：make / let / have / see / hear / watch / notice 之后接不定式作宾补需省略to
help sb. (to) do sth.
Self-assessment
How well do you know about this lesson Tick the boxes.
① I can use verbs + to + infinitives correctly. 口 口 口
② I can use verbs + objects + to + infinitives correctly.
口 口 口
③ I can use to + infinitives to express purpose correctly.
口 口 口
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