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人教版八年级下册英语Unit 5 Nature’s Temper知识清单背诵版
目录
一、重要词汇解析 2
（一）动词词形变换 2
（二）名词词形变换 2
（三）形容词/副词词形变换 3
二、重点短语 4
三、单元语法精讲解析 7
1. 【语法精讲】过去进行时（单元重点） 7
2. 高频词辨析（语法拓展） 9
1) typhoon vs. hurricane vs. tornado 9
2) flood vs. floodwater 10
3) beat vs. hit 10
四、重点句型（交际+写作必备） 10
1. 询问过去某时正在做的事（过去进行时核心句型） 10
2. 描述自然灾害发生时的场景 11
3. 描述自然灾害的准备与应对 11
4. 表达庆幸、遗憾与感悟 11
五、同步练习题（综合巩固） 12
六、书面表达（范文+句型+搭配） 13
1. 开头关心类 14
2. 建议表达类（本单元核心，高分替换） 14
3. 感悟与祝福类 14
4. 核心短语搭配 15
一、重要词汇解析
（一）动词词形变换
1. warn v. 警告；提醒注意 → warning n. 警告；警示 → warned adj. 被警告的
2. flood v. 泛滥；淹没 → flood n. 水灾；洪水 → flooded adj. 被淹没的
3. wave v. 挥手；挥舞 → wave n. 波浪；波 → waving adj. 挥舞的
4. interview v. 采访；面试 → interview n. 采访；面试 → interviewer n. 采访者；面试官
5. report v. 汇报；报道 → report n. 报道；报告 → reporter n. 记者
6. supply v. 供应；供给 → supply n. 供应（量）；补给（品） → supplies n. 物资（复数）
7. beat v. 敲；打（beat/beat/beaten） → beating n. 敲打；击打
8. hide v. 躲藏；隐蔽（hid/hidden） → hiding n. 躲藏；隐藏 → hidden adj. 隐藏的
9. refuse v. 拒绝；退却 → refusal n. 拒绝 → refused adj. 被拒绝的
10. guard v. 保卫 → guard n. 卫兵；保卫 → guarded adj. 被保卫的
11. scream v. 尖叫 → scream n. 尖叫 → screaming adj. 尖叫的
12. rescue v. 援救；营救 → rescue n. 救援 → rescuer n. 救援者
13. review v. 复习；回顾 → review n. 回顾；审查 → reviewer n. 评论者
14. wake v. 醒来（woke/woken） → wake n. 醒来；唤醒 → awake adj. 醒着的
15. volunteer v. 自愿做；义务做 → volunteer n. 志愿者 → voluntary adj. 自愿的
16. thunder v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 → thunder n. 雷；雷声 → thundering adj. 雷鸣般的
（二）名词词形变换
17. temper n. 脾气；怒气 → tempered adj. 有脾气的；性情……的
18. neighbourhood n. 街区；临近的地方 → neighbour n. 邻居 → neighbouring adj. 邻近的
19. roof n. 屋顶；顶部 → roofs n. 屋顶（复数） → rooftop n. 屋顶平台
20. trouble n. 苦恼；困难 → trouble v. 使忧虑；麻烦 → troublesome adj. 麻烦的
21. relative n. 亲戚；亲属 → relative adj. 相对的 → relativity n. 相对性
22. preparation n. 准备（工作）；预备 → prepare v. 准备 → preparatory adj. 预备的
23. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 → powerful adj. 强大的；有力的
24. tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 → tornadoes/tornados n. 龙卷风（复数）
25. froth n. 泡；泡沫 → frothy adj. 泡沫多的
26. security n. 安全；保安；保障 → secure adj. 安全的；牢固的 → securely adv. 安全地
27. heartbeat n. 心跳（声） → heart n. 心脏 → beat v. 跳动
28. floodwater n. 洪水 → flood v. 淹没 → flooded adj. 被淹没的
29. manpower n. 劳动力；人力 → man n. 人 → power n. 力量
30. alarm n. 警报（器）；惊恐 → alarm v. 警告；使惊恐 → alarming adj. 令人惊恐的
31. hero n. 英雄；男主角 → heroes n. 英雄（复数） → heroic adj. 英雄的；英勇的
32. firefighter n. 消防队员 → fire n. 火 → fight v. 战斗
33. knowledge n. 知识；学问 → know v. 知道；了解 → knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的
34. thinking n. 思考；想法 → think v. 思考；认为 → thoughtful adj. 深思熟虑的
（三）形容词/副词词形变换
35. thick adj. 厚的；浓密的 → thickly adv. 浓密地；厚地 → thickness n. 厚度
36. worst adj.&adv. 最坏（的）；最糟（的） → bad/badly adj.&adv. 坏的；严重地（原级） → worse adj.&adv. 更坏的；更严重地（比较级）
37. soundly adv. （睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地 → sound adj. 健康的；可靠的 → soundness n. 健康；可靠性
38. possibly adv. 可能；或许 → possible adj. 可能的 → possibility n. 可能性
39. nearly adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 → near adj.&prep. 近的；靠近 → nearby adj.&adv. 附近的；在附近
40. thankfully adv. 幸亏；感激地 → thankful adj. 感激的；庆幸的 → thanks n. 感谢
41. terribly adv. 非常糟地；非常 → terrible adj. 可怕的；糟糕的 → terror n. 恐惧
42. sudden adj. 突然的；骤然的 → suddenly adv. 突然；骤然 → suddenness n. 突然
43. usual adj. 通常的；寻常的 → usually adv. 通常；经常 → unusual adj. 不寻常的（反义）
44. unlucky adj. 不幸的；不顺利的 → lucky adj. 幸运的（反义） → unluckily adv. 不幸地；不顺利地
45. rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的 → rain n. 雨；v. 下雨 → rainfall n. 降雨量
57. southwestern adj. 西南的；西南方向的 → southwest n. 西南；adv. 向西南
二、重点短语
1. lose one's temper 发脾气（自然灾害可比喻为“自然发脾气”）
例：When nature loses its temper, earthquakes happen.
当大自然发脾气时，地震就会发生。
2. do chores 做家务（单元基础短语）
3. make preparations 作准备（拓展：make preparations for sth. 为……做准备）
例：We made preparations for the coming typhoon.
我们为即将到来的台风做了准备。
security guard 保安人员
wake up 醒来；叫醒（搭配：wake sb. up 叫醒某人，代词宾格放中间）
例：I woke my sister up when the alarm went off.
闹钟响的时候，我叫醒了我妹妹。
go off （警报器等）突然发出巨响；（闹钟）响起
例：The fire alarm went off suddenly.火警突然响了。
all of a sudden 突然；猛地（同义：suddenly）
例：All of a sudden, the wind started to blow strongly.
突然，风开始猛烈地刮起来。
by the time 到……的时候（引导时间状语从句，常与过去进行时搭配）
例：By the time we arrived, the typhoon had started.
out of breath 上气不接下气
例：I was out of breath after running away from the landslide.
从山体滑坡中跑出来后，我气喘吁吁。
as a result 因此；结果（表因果关系）
例：It rained heavily; as a result, a flood happened.
雨下得很大，结果发生了洪水。
go wrong 出现问题；发生故障；搞错
例：Our phone went wrong during the typhoon.
台风期间，我们的电话出故障了。
except for 除……之外（后接名词/代词，表整体中排除部分）
例：Except for a few broken windows, our house was OK after the storm.
暴风雨过后，我们的房子除了几扇窗户破了，其他都还好。
as soon as 一……就……（引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”）
例：As soon as the warning came, we left our house.
警报一响，我们就离开了家。
be in trouble 陷入困境（搭配：get into trouble 陷入麻烦）
例：Many people were in trouble after the flood.
洪水过后，许多人陷入了困境。
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
例：He had trouble opening the door because of the strong wind.
因为风很大，他开门遇到了困难。
emergency supplies 应急物资
例：We stored emergency supplies before the typhoon.
台风来临前，我们储存了应急物资。
guard against 防范；提防
例：We should guard against natural disasters in advance.
我们应该提前防范自然灾害。
hide from 躲避……
例：We hid in the basement to hide from the tornado.
我们躲在地下室里躲避龙卷风。
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事（不可接doing）
例：Tilly refused to walk further when she found the strange waves.
蒂莉发现那些奇怪的海浪后，就拒绝再往前走了。
supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
例：The government supplied food and water to the people affected by the flood.
政府向受洪水影响的人们提供了食物和水。
rescue sb. from 从……中营救某人
例：Firefighters rescued people from the burning houses.
消防员从着火的房子里救出了人们。
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
例：The teacher warned us to stay away from the river before the typhoon.
台风来临前，老师警告我们不要靠近那条河。
warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人注意某事
例：He warned me of the danger of the landslide.
他警告我山体滑坡的危险。
wave to sb. 向某人挥手
例：She waved to her parents when she was rescued.
她获救时向父母挥了挥手。
sleep soundly 睡得香
例：I couldn’t sleep soundly because of the thunder.
因为打雷，我睡不安稳。
三、单元语法精讲解析
1. 【语法精讲】过去进行时（单元重点）
核心含义：表示过去某个特定时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，强调动作的“持续性”，常与过去的时间点、时间段或其他动作搭配使用。
核心结构：
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing（主语三单/第一人称单数用was；主语为其他用were）
否定句：主语 + was/were not + 动词-ing（was not缩写为wasn’t，were not缩写为weren’t）
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing？
（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.）
常用时间标志词：at that time（在那时）、at 8 o’clock last night（昨晚8点）、this time last week（上周这个时候）、while（当……的时候）、when（当……的时候）
课本例句：
We were driving home when the strong winds started.
（当大风开始的时候，我们正在开车回家。）
—— 描述过去动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
While we were walking along the beach, we noticed strange waves.
（我们沿着海滩散步时，注意到了异常的海浪。）
拓展例句：
He was reviewing his notes at 7 last night.
（昨晚7点他正在复习笔记。）—— 描述过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作。
My parents were watching TV while I was doing my homework.
（我做作业的时候，父母正在看电视。）—— 两个延续性动作同时进行。
When the alarm went off, I was sleeping soundly.
（闹钟响的时候，我睡得正香。）—— when接短暂性动作，主句用过去进行时。
易错点警示：
错误 ：He was watch TV at 8 last night.（过去进行时中，动词需用-ing形式）
正确 ：He was watching TV at 8 last night.
错误 ：While I was eat, he came in.（while后接延续性动词，需用-ing形式）
正确 ：While I was eating, he came in.
补充：when与while的区别（单元核心难点）
连词 用法特点 例句
when 可接短暂性动词或延续性动词； 从句动作可与主句动作同时发生，也可先后发生； 3. 主句可用于过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。 When the typhoon hit, we were staying at home. （台风来袭时，我们正待在家里。）
while 只能接延续性动词； 从句动作与主句动作必须同时发生； 3. 可用于连接两个过去进行时的句子，表“同时进行”。 While she was reading, her brother was watching TV. （她看书的时候，她弟弟正在看电视。）
【针对性练习题】
（ ）1. My mother ______ dinner when I got home yesterday evening.
A. cooks B. cooked C. was cooking D. is cooking
（ ）2. We were walking along the street ______ a sudden rain started.
A. when B. while C. before D. after
（ ）3. ______ my father was reading a newspaper, my mother was watching TV.
A. When B. While C. Until D. As soon as
（ ）4. —What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night —I ______ my homework.
A. finish B. finished C. was finishing D. have finished
（ ）5. The wind ______ strongly when we were driving back home.
A. blows B. blew C. is blowing D. was blowing
【答案与解析】
1. C 解析：考查过去进行时。由“when I got home yesterday evening”可知，动作发生在过去某个时刻，用过去进行时（was/were+doing），主语为单数，故选C。
2. A 解析：考查连词辨析。when可接短暂性动词（started），表“当……时”；while接延续性动词，故选A。
3. B 解析：考查连词辨析。前后句均为过去进行时（延续性动作），用while连接，表“同时进行”，故选B。
4. C 解析：考查过去进行时。由“at 8 o’clock last night”可知，用过去进行时表过去某时刻正在做的动作，故选C。
5. D 解析：考查过去进行时。由“when we were driving back home”可知，主句动作与从句动作同时进行，用过去进行时，故选D。
2. 高频词辨析（语法拓展）
typhoon vs. hurricane vs. tornado
typhoon：特指西北太平洋地区的台风。
例：A strong typhoon landed on the coast yesterday.
昨天一场强台风在海岸登陆。
hurricane：特指大西洋、加勒比海地区的飓风，与typhoon本质相同，只是地域不同。
例：A hurricane hit the United States last month.
上个月一场飓风袭击了美国。
tornado：龙卷风，范围更小、破坏力更集中，常伴随强风。
例：The tornado lifted cars into the air like toys.
龙卷风把汽车像玩具一样卷到了空中。
flood vs. floodwater
flood：可作名词（水灾、洪水）或动词（泛滥、淹没），侧重“灾害本身”。
例：The flood destroyed many houses.
洪水摧毁了许多房屋。
floodwater：仅作名词，特指“洪水本身的水体”，侧重“水的形态”。
例：The floodwater nearly reached our windows.
洪水几乎涨到了我们的窗户那里。
beat vs. hit
beat：侧重“持续、反复的敲打”，如雨点、风对物体的撞击。
例：Rain beat against the window all night.
雨整夜都在敲打着窗户。
hit：侧重“一次性的撞击、打击”，也可用于描述自然灾害“袭击”。
例：The typhoon hit the city hard.
台风猛烈袭击了这座城市。
四、重点句型（交际+写作必备）
1. 询问过去某时正在做的事（过去进行时核心句型）
What were you doing when the typhoon/earthquake/tsunami hit
台风/地震/海啸来袭时，你正在做什么？
What were your family doing at that time
那时你的家人正在做什么？
What were you doing while it was snowing heavily
下大雪的时候，你正在做什么？
2. 描述自然灾害发生时的场景
I was doing sth. when the disaster started.
灾难开始的时候，我正在做某事。（例：I was watching TV when the earthquake started.）
While we were doing sth., the disaster happened. 我们正在做某事的时候，灾难发生了。
（例：While we were walking along the beach, the tsunami came.）
The wind was blowing strongly, and the rain was falling thickly. 风刮得很大，雨下得很密。
Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. 波浪顶部形成了厚厚的白色泡沫。
3. 描述自然灾害的准备与应对
We should make preparations for natural disasters in advance.
我们应该提前为自然灾害做准备。
We covered our windows and stored emergency supplies before the typhoon started.
台风来临前，我们封住了窗户并储存了应急物资。
We should stay calm and ask for help when facing natural disasters.
面对自然灾害时，我们应该保持冷静并寻求帮助。
Don’t go out when there is a strong typhoon.
有强台风的时候，不要出门。
4. 表达庆幸、遗憾与感悟
Thankfully, no one was hurt in the disaster.
幸亏灾难中没有人受伤。
It was terrible that many houses were destroyed by the flood.
很多房子被洪水摧毁了，太可怕了。
From this experience, I learned that we should respect nature.
从这次经历中，我明白了我们应该尊重自然。
Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, she saved many lives.
多亏了她的知识和快速反应，她拯救了很多人的生命。
五、同步练习题（综合巩固）
1. 词汇填空（用所给词适当形式填空）
1）He ______ (hide) in the basement when the tornado hit yesterday.
2）We should make ______ (prepare) for the coming typhoon.
3）The rain ______ (beat) against the windows all night.
4）She ______ (refuse) to go out because of the heavy rainstorm.
5）______ (thankful), everyone was safe after the landslide.
2. 语法单选
（ ）6）— What were you doing at 7 last night — I ______ my lessons for the test.
A. review B. reviewed C. was reviewing D. am reviewing
（ ）7）While my mother ______ dinner, my father was watching the weather report.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking
（ ）8）The alarm ______ suddenly when we were sleeping.
A. go off B. went off C. goes off D. will go off
（ ）9）We ______ emergency supplies when the typhoon warning came.
A. store B. stored C. were storing D. will store
（ ）10）— When did the landslide happen
— It happened while we ______ along the mountain road.
A. walk B. walked C. are walking D. were walking
3. 句型转换
11）They were playing basketball on the playground at 4 yesterday afternoon.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ playing basketball on the playground at 4 yesterday afternoon.
12）I was reading a book when the rainstorm started.（改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ reading a book when the rainstorm started
The students were having a class. The fire alarm went off.（用when连接句子）
The fire alarm went off ______ the students ______ having a class.
She was walking home. She met her teacher.（用while连接句子）
______ she was walking home, she ______ her teacher.
The wind blew strongly last night.（用过去进行时改写）
The wind ______ ______ strongly last night.
参考答案
词汇填空：1. was hiding 2. preparations 3. beat 4. refused 5. Thankfully
语法单选：6.C 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D
句型转换：11. were not 12. Were you 13. when; were 14. While; met 15. was blowing
六、书面表达（范文+句型+搭配）
题目：
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说他最近经历了一场台风，感到很害怕，也不知道如何应对此类自然灾害。请你根据本单元知识，给他写一封回信，安抚他的情绪，告诉他应对台风的方法，并分享你的感悟。词数70-90，语句通顺，语法正确，不含真实姓名和校名。
写作思路
开头：表达关心，安抚对方情绪，回应他经历台风的事。
中间：给出应对台风的具体建议（提前准备、台风中避险、台风后处理），结合单元重点短语和句型。
结尾：表达祝福，分享感悟，鼓励他勇敢面对。
高分句型/句式+短语搭配（必背）
1. 开头关心类
I’m sorry to hear that you experienced a terrible typhoon and felt scared.
听说你遭遇了可怕的台风并且感到害怕，我很抱歉。（表达同情，贴合语境）
I’m concerned about you because the typhoon brought you so much fear.
我很担心你，因为台风给你带来了这么多恐惧。（be concerned about 比be sorry更高级）
2. 建议表达类（本单元核心，高分替换）
You should make preparations for typhoons in advance, such as storing emergency supplies and covering windows.你应该提前为台风做好准备，比如储备应急物资和遮挡窗户。
When a typhoon comes, you’d better stay at home and not go out.
台风来的时候，你最好待在家里，不要出去。（had better 表建议，语气委婉）
You are supposed to stay calm and hide in a safe place if the wind is too strong.
如果风太大，你应该保持冷静并躲在安全的地方。（be supposed to 替代should，高级）
What’s more, you should check your house and clean the neighbourhood after the typhoon.
此外，台风过后你应该检查自己的房子并清理社区。（what's more 递进连接，逻辑清晰）
3. 感悟与祝福类
From this experience, I realize that we should learn more about natural disasters and know how to protect ourselves.
从这次经历中，我意识到我们应该更多地了解自然灾害，并且知道如何保护自己。
（感悟类句型，贴合单元主题）
I hope my suggestions will be helpful and you will be brave when facing natural disasters.
希望我的建议能有所帮助，也希望你在面对自然灾害时能勇敢一些。
（祝福类句型，语气亲切）
Looking forward to hearing that you are in a good mood again.
期待听到你再次心情愉悦的消息。
（期待式结尾，得体自然）
4. 核心短语搭配
make preparations for（为……做准备）、emergency supplies（应急物资）、stay calm（保持冷静）、hide in a safe place（躲在安全的地方）、clean the neighbourhood（清理街区）、go off（警报响起）、wake up（醒来）
范文
Dear Tom,
I’m sorry to hear that you experienced a terrible typhoon and felt scared. I’m concerned about you because the typhoon brought you so much fear.
Here are my suggestions for you. First, you should make preparations for typhoons in advance, such as storing emergency supplies and covering windows. Second, when a typhoon comes, you’d better stay at home and not go out. What’s more, you are supposed to stay calm and hide in a safe place if the wind is too strong.
From this experience, I realize that we should learn more about natural disasters. I hope my suggestions will be helpful and you will be brave when facing them. Looking forward to hearing good news from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
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1
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15
)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
人教版八年级下册英语Unit 5 Nature’s Temper知识清单默写版
目录
一、重要词汇解析 2
（一）动词词形变换 2
（二）名词词形变换 2
（三）形容词/副词词形变换 3
二、重点短语 4
三、单元语法精讲解析 7
1. 【语法精讲】过去进行时（单元重点） 7
2. 高频词辨析（语法拓展） 9
1) typhoon vs. hurricane vs. tornado 9
2) flood vs. floodwater 9
3) beat vs. hit 10
四、重点句型（交际+写作必备） 10
1. 询问过去某时正在做的事（过去进行时核心句型） 10
2. 描述自然灾害发生时的场景 10
3. 描述自然灾害的准备与应对 11
4. 表达庆幸、遗憾与感悟 11
五、同步练习题（综合巩固） 11
六、书面表达（范文+句型+搭配） 13
1. 开头关心类 13
2. 建议表达类（本单元核心，高分替换） 13
3. 感悟与祝福类 14
4. 核心短语搭配 14
一、重要词汇解析
（一）动词词形变换
1. warn v. 警告；提醒注意 → n. 警告；警示 → adj. 被警告的
2. flood v. 泛滥；淹没 → n. 水灾；洪水 → adj. 被淹没的
3. wave v. 挥手；挥舞 → n. 波浪；波 → adj. 挥舞的
4. interview v. 采访；面试 → n. 采访；面试 → n. 采访者；面试官
5. report v. 汇报；报道 → n. 报道；报告 → n. 记者
6. supply v. 供应；供给 → n. 供应（量）；补给（品） → n. 物资（复数）
7. beat v. 敲；打（beat/beat/beaten） → n. 敲打；击打
8. hide v. 躲藏；隐蔽（hid/hidden） → n. 躲藏；隐藏 → adj. 隐藏的
9. refuse v. 拒绝；退却 → n. 拒绝 → adj. 被拒绝的
10. guard v. 保卫 → n. 卫兵；保卫 → adj. 被保卫的
11. scream v. 尖叫 → n. 尖叫 → adj. 尖叫的
12. rescue v. 援救；营救 → n. 救援 → n. 救援者
13. review v. 复习；回顾 → n. 回顾；审查 → n. 评论者
14. wake v. 醒来（woke/woken） → n. 醒来；唤醒 → adj. 醒着的
15. volunteer v. 自愿做；义务做 → n. 志愿者 → adj. 自愿的
16. thunder v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 → n. 雷；雷声 → adj. 雷鸣般的
（二）名词词形变换
17. temper n. 脾气；怒气 → adj. 有脾气的；性情……的
18. neighbourhood n. 街区；临近的地方 → n. 邻居 → adj. 邻近的
19. roof n. 屋顶；顶部 → n. 屋顶（复数） → n. 屋顶平台
20. trouble n. 苦恼；困难 → v. 使忧虑；麻烦 → adj. 麻烦的
21. relative n. 亲戚；亲属 → adj. 相对的 → n. 相对性
22. preparation n. 准备（工作）；预备 → v. 准备 → adj. 预备的
23. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 → adj. 强大的；有力的
24. tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 → n. 龙卷风（复数）
25. froth n. 泡；泡沫 → adj. 泡沫多的
26. security n. 安全；保安；保障 → adj. 安全的；牢固的 → adv. 安全地
27. heartbeat n. 心跳（声） → n. 心脏 → v. 跳动
28. floodwater n. 洪水 → v. 淹没 → adj. 被淹没的
29. manpower n. 劳动力；人力 → n. 人 → n. 力量
30. alarm n. 警报（器）；惊恐 → v. 警告；使惊恐 → adj. 令人惊恐的
31. hero n. 英雄；男主角 → n. 英雄（复数） → adj. 英雄的；英勇的
32. firefighter n. 消防队员 → n. 火 → v. 战斗
33. knowledge n. 知识；学问 → v. 知道；了解 → adj. 知识渊博的
34. thinking n. 思考；想法 → v. 思考；认为 → adj. 深思熟虑的
（三）形容词/副词词形变换
35. thick adj. 厚的；浓密的 → adv. 浓密地；厚地 → n. 厚度
36. worst adj.&adv. 最坏（的）；最糟（的） → adj.&adv. 坏的；严重地（原级） → adj.&adv. 更坏的；更严重地（比较级）
37. soundly adv. （睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地 → adj. 健康的；可靠的 → n. 健康；可靠性
38. possibly adv. 可能；或许 → adj. 可能的 → n. 可能性
39. nearly adv. 几乎；差不多；将近 → adj.&prep. 近的；靠近 → adj.&adv. 附近的；在附近
40. thankfully adv. 幸亏；感激地 → adj. 感激的；庆幸的 → n. 感谢
41. terribly adv. 非常糟地；非常 → adj. 可怕的；糟糕的 → n. 恐惧
42. sudden adj. 突然的；骤然的 → adv. 突然；骤然 → n. 突然
43. usual adj. 通常的；寻常的 → adv. 通常；经常 → adj. 不寻常的（反义）
44. unlucky adj. 不幸的；不顺利的 → adj. 幸运的（反义） → adv. 不幸地；不顺利地
45. rainy adj. 阴雨的；多雨的 → n. 雨；v. 下雨 → n. 降雨量
57. southwestern adj. 西南的；西南方向的 → n. 西南；adv. 向西南
二、重点短语
1. lose one's temper 发脾气（自然灾害可比喻为“自然发脾气”）
例：When nature , earthquakes happen.
当大自然发脾气时，地震就会发生。
2. do chores 做家务（单元基础短语）
3. make preparations 作准备（拓展：make preparations for sth. 为……做准备）
例：We for the coming typhoon.
我们为即将到来的台风做了准备。
security guard 保安人员
wake up 醒来；叫醒（搭配：wake sb. up 叫醒某人，代词宾格放中间）
例：I my sister when the alarm went off.
闹钟响的时候，我叫醒了我妹妹。
go off （警报器等）突然发出巨响；（闹钟）响起
例：The fire alarm suddenly.火警突然响了。
all of a sudden 突然；猛地（同义：suddenly）
例： , the wind started to blow strongly.
突然，风开始猛烈地刮起来。
by the time 到……的时候（引导时间状语从句，常与过去进行时搭配）
例： we arrived, the typhoon had started.
out of breath 上气不接下气
例：I was after running away from the landslide.
从山体滑坡中跑出来后，我气喘吁吁。
as a result 因此；结果（表因果关系）
例：It rained heavily; , a flood happened.
雨下得很大，结果发生了洪水。
go wrong 出现问题；发生故障；搞错
例：Our phone during the typhoon.
台风期间，我们的电话出故障了。
except for 除……之外（后接名词/代词，表整体中排除部分）
例： a few broken windows, our house was OK after the storm.
暴风雨过后，我们的房子除了几扇窗户破了，其他都还好。
as soon as 一……就……（引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”）
例： the warning came, we left our house.
警报一响，我们就离开了家。
be in trouble 陷入困境（搭配：get into trouble 陷入麻烦）
例：Many people after the flood.
洪水过后，许多人陷入了困境。
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
例：He trouble the door because of the strong wind.
因为风很大，他开门遇到了困难。
emergency supplies 应急物资
例：We stored before the typhoon.
台风来临前，我们储存了应急物资。
guard against 防范；提防
例：We should natural disasters in advance.
我们应该提前防范自然灾害。
hide from 躲避……
例：We in the basement to the tornado.
我们躲在地下室里躲避龙卷风。
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事（不可接doing）
例：Tilly to further when she found the strange waves.
蒂莉发现那些奇怪的海浪后，就拒绝再往前走了。
supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
例：The government food and water the people affected by the flood.
政府向受洪水影响的人们提供了食物和水。
rescue sb. from 从……中营救某人
例：Firefighters people the burning houses.
消防员从着火的房子里救出了人们。
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
例：The teacher us away from the river before the typhoon.
台风来临前，老师警告我们不要靠近那条河。
warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人注意某事
例：He warned me the danger of the landslide.
他警告我山体滑坡的危险。
wave to sb. 向某人挥手
例：She to her parents when she was rescued.
她获救时向父母挥了挥手。
sleep soundly 睡得香
例：I couldn’t because of the thunder.
因为打雷，我睡不安稳。
三、单元语法精讲解析
1. 【语法精讲】过去进行时（单元重点）
核心含义：表示过去某个特定时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，强调动作的“持续性”，常与过去的时间点、时间段或其他动作搭配使用。
核心结构：
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing（主语三单/第一人称单数用was；主语为其他用were）
否定句：主语 + was/were not + 动词-ing（was not缩写为wasn’t，were not缩写为weren’t）
一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing？
（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.）
常用时间标志词：at that time（在那时）、at 8 o’clock last night（昨晚8点）、this time last week（上周这个时候）、while（当……的时候）、when（当……的时候）
课本例句：
We home when the strong winds started.
（当大风开始的时候，我们正在开车回家。）
—— 描述过去动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
While we along the beach, we noticed strange waves.
（我们沿着海滩散步时，注意到了异常的海浪。）
拓展例句：
He his notes at 7 last night.
（昨晚7点他正在复习笔记。）—— 描述过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作。
My parents TV while I my homework.
（我做作业的时候，父母正在看电视。）—— 两个延续性动作同时进行。
When the alarm went off, I soundly.
（闹钟响的时候，我睡得正香。）—— when接短暂性动作，主句用过去进行时。
易错点警示：
错误 ：He was watch TV at 8 last night.（过去进行时中，动词需用-ing形式）
正确 ：He was watching TV at 8 last night.
错误 ：While I was eat, he came in.（while后接延续性动词，需用-ing形式）
正确 ：While I was eating, he came in.
补充：when与while的区别（单元核心难点）
连词 用法特点 例句
when 1.可接短暂性动词或延续性动词； 2.从句动作可与主句动作同时发生，也可先后发生； 3. 主句可用于过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。 When the typhoon hit, we were staying at home. （台风来袭时，我们正待在家里。）
while 只能接延续性动词； 从句动作与主句动作必须同时发生； 3. 可用于连接两个过去进行时的句子，表“同时进行”。 While she was reading, her brother was watching TV. （她看书的时候，她弟弟正在看电视。）
【针对性练习题】
（ ）1. My mother ______ dinner when I got home yesterday evening.
A. cooks B. cooked C. was cooking D. is cooking
（ ）2. We were walking along the street ______ a sudden rain started.
A. when B. while C. before D. after
（ ）3. ______ my father was reading a newspaper, my mother was watching TV.
A. When B. While C. Until D. As soon as
（ ）4. —What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night —I ______ my homework.
A. finish B. finished C. was finishing D. have finished
（ ）5. The wind ______ strongly when we were driving back home.
A. blows B. blew C. is blowing D. was blowing
2. 高频词辨析（语法拓展）
typhoon vs. hurricane vs. tornado
typhoon：特指西北太平洋地区的台风。
例：A strong typhoon landed on the coast yesterday.
昨天一场强台风在海岸登陆。
hurricane：特指大西洋、加勒比海地区的飓风，与typhoon本质相同，只是地域不同。
例：A hurricane hit the United States last month.
上个月一场飓风袭击了美国。
tornado：龙卷风，范围更小、破坏力更集中，常伴随强风。
例：The tornado lifted cars into the air like toys.
龙卷风把汽车像玩具一样卷到了空中。
flood vs. floodwater
flood：可作名词（水灾、洪水）或动词（泛滥、淹没），侧重“灾害本身”。
例：The flood destroyed many houses.
洪水摧毁了许多房屋。
floodwater：仅作名词，特指“洪水本身的水体”，侧重“水的形态”。
例：The floodwater nearly reached our windows.
洪水几乎涨到了我们的窗户那里。
beat vs. hit
beat：侧重“持续、反复的敲打”，如雨点、风对物体的撞击。
例：Rain beat against the window all night.
雨整夜都在敲打着窗户。
hit：侧重“一次性的撞击、打击”，也可用于描述自然灾害“袭击”。
例：The typhoon hit the city hard.
台风猛烈袭击了这座城市。
四、重点句型（交际+写作必备）
1. 询问过去某时正在做的事（过去进行时核心句型）
What were you doing when the typhoon/earthquake/tsunami hit
台风/地震/海啸来袭时，你正在做什么？
What were your family doing at that time
那时你的家人正在做什么？
What were you doing while it was snowing heavily
下大雪的时候，你正在做什么？
2. 描述自然灾害发生时的场景
I was doing sth. when the disaster started.
灾难开始的时候，我正在做某事。（例：I was watching TV when the earthquake started.）
While we were doing sth., the disaster happened. 我们正在做某事的时候，灾难发生了。
（例：While we were walking along the beach, the tsunami came.）
The wind was blowing strongly, and the rain was falling thickly. 风刮得很大，雨下得很密。
Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. 波浪顶部形成了厚厚的白色泡沫。
3. 描述自然灾害的准备与应对
We should make preparations for natural disasters in advance.
我们应该提前为自然灾害做准备。
We covered our windows and stored emergency supplies before the typhoon started.
台风来临前，我们封住了窗户并储存了应急物资。
We should stay calm and ask for help when facing natural disasters.
面对自然灾害时，我们应该保持冷静并寻求帮助。
Don’t go out when there is a strong typhoon.
有强台风的时候，不要出门。
4. 表达庆幸、遗憾与感悟
Thankfully, no one was hurt in the disaster.
幸亏灾难中没有人受伤。
It was terrible that many houses were destroyed by the flood.
很多房子被洪水摧毁了，太可怕了。
From this experience, I learned that we should respect nature.
从这次经历中，我明白了我们应该尊重自然。
Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, she saved many lives.
多亏了她的知识和快速反应，她拯救了很多人的生命。
五、同步练习题（综合巩固）
1. 词汇填空（用所给词适当形式填空）
1）He ______ (hide) in the basement when the tornado hit yesterday.
2）We should make ______ (prepare) for the coming typhoon.
3）The rain ______ (beat) against the windows all night.
4）She ______ (refuse) to go out because of the heavy rainstorm.
5）______ (thankful), everyone was safe after the landslide.
2. 语法单选
（ ）6）— What were you doing at 7 last night — I ______ my lessons for the test.
A. review B. reviewed C. was reviewing D. am reviewing
（ ）7）While my mother ______ dinner, my father was watching the weather report.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking
（ ）8）The alarm ______ suddenly when we were sleeping.
A. go off B. went off C. goes off D. will go off
（ ）9）We ______ emergency supplies when the typhoon warning came.
A. store B. stored C. were storing D. will store
（ ）10）— When did the landslide happen
— It happened while we ______ along the mountain road.
A. walk B. walked C. are walking D. were walking
3. 句型转换
11）They were playing basketball on the playground at 4 yesterday afternoon.（改为否定句） They ______ ______ playing basketball on the playground at 4 yesterday afternoon.
12）I was reading a book when the rainstorm started.（改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ reading a book when the rainstorm started
The students were having a class. The fire alarm went off.（用when连接句子）
The fire alarm went off ______ the students ______ having a class.
She was walking home. She met her teacher.（用while连接句子）
______ she was walking home, she ______ her teacher.
The wind blew strongly last night.（用过去进行时改写）
The wind ______ ______ strongly last night.
六、书面表达（范文+句型+搭配）
题目：
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说他最近经历了一场台风，感到很害怕，也不知道如何应对此类自然灾害。请你根据本单元知识，给他写一封回信，安抚他的情绪，告诉他应对台风的方法，并分享你的感悟。词数70-90，语句通顺，语法正确，不含真实姓名和校名。
写作思路
开头：表达关心，安抚对方情绪，回应他经历台风的事。
中间：给出应对台风的具体建议（提前准备、台风中避险、台风后处理），结合单元重点短语和句型。
结尾：表达祝福，分享感悟，鼓励他勇敢面对。
高分句型/句式+短语搭配（必背）
1. 开头关心类
I’m sorry to hear that you experienced a terrible typhoon and felt scared.
听说你遭遇了可怕的台风并且感到害怕，我很抱歉。（表达同情，贴合语境）
I’m concerned about you because the typhoon brought you so much fear.
我很担心你，因为台风给你带来了这么多恐惧。（be concerned about 比be sorry更高级）
2. 建议表达类（本单元核心，高分替换）
You should make preparations for typhoons in advance, such as storing emergency supplies and covering windows.你应该提前为台风做好准备，比如储备应急物资和遮挡窗户。
When a typhoon comes, you’d better stay at home and not go out.
台风来的时候，你最好待在家里，不要出去。（had better 表建议，语气委婉）
You are supposed to stay calm and hide in a safe place if the wind is too strong.
如果风太大，你应该保持冷静并躲在安全的地方。（be supposed to 替代should，高级）
What’s more, you should check your house and clean the neighbourhood after the typhoon.
此外，台风过后你应该检查自己的房子并清理社区。（what's more 递进连接，逻辑清晰）
3. 感悟与祝福类
From this experience, I realize that we should learn more about natural disasters and know how to protect ourselves.
从这次经历中，我意识到我们应该更多地了解自然灾害，并且知道如何保护自己。
（感悟类句型，贴合单元主题）
I hope my suggestions will be helpful and you will be brave when facing natural disasters.
希望我的建议能有所帮助，也希望你在面对自然灾害时能勇敢一些。
（祝福类句型，语气亲切）
Looking forward to hearing that you are in a good mood again.
期待听到你再次心情愉悦的消息。
（期待式结尾，得体自然）
4. 核心短语搭配
make preparations for（为……做准备）、emergency supplies（应急物资）、stay calm（保持冷静）、hide in a safe place（躲在安全的地方）、clean the neighbourhood（清理街区）、go off（警报响起）、wake up（醒来）
范文
Dear Tom,
I’m sorry to hear that you experienced a terrible typhoon and felt scared. I’m concerned about you because the typhoon brought you so much fear.
Here are my suggestions for you. First, you should make preparations for typhoons in advance, such as storing emergency supplies and covering windows. Second, when a typhoon comes, you’d better stay at home and not go out. What’s more, you are supposed to stay calm and hide in a safe place if the wind is too strong.
From this experience, I realize that we should learn more about natural disasters. I hope my suggestions will be helpful and you will be brave when facing them. Looking forward to hearing good news from you.
Yours,
Li Hua

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