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(共46张PPT)
Unit 2 Body language
沪教牛津版八年级下册
Grammar
Key question
主题范畴：人与社会
What does body language mean to us
A. Verb-ing as subject and object
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
2. She is also good at singing.
Singing is also her favourite bobby.
4. What’s his / her favourite hobby in our class
________ is his / her favourite hobby in our class.
1. She is good at dancing.
Dancing is her favourite hobby.
Free talk
Communicating means more than just speaking.
We can use verb-ing as the subject or object of a sentence.
我们可以将动词的-ing形式用作名词。这些名词指代动作和活动。
我们可以将动词-ing形式用作句子的主语或宾语。
We can use the verb-ing form as a noun. These nouns refer to actions and activities.
英语重读闭音节是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾而且是重读音节的音节。重读闭音节中元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，而是发短元音。
1. 直接在动词词尾加-ing
Eg： think -- thinking hold-- holding
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词去e+ing
Eg：dance-- dancing
communicate-- communicating
3.重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时,辅音字母须双写再+ing
Eg：put--putting begin--beginning
4.少数几个以－ie结尾的单音节动词，须变ie为y，再加ing
Eg：lie--lying die--dying
V-ing构成规律:
I.写出下面动词的Verb-ing形式。
1. read ________ 2. swim ________
3. lie ________ 4. write ________
5. drive ________ 6. sing ________
7. ride ________ 8. tie ________
9. forget ________ 10. run ________
reading
swimming
lying
writing
driving
singing
riding
tying
forgetting
running
一. (V-ing作主语)，表示概念、习惯或者经验。
两个或两个以上不同的Verb-ing作主语，动词用复数。
Verb-ing as subject
Dancing and playing basketball are my favourite hobbies.
When we use verb-ing as the subject, the main verb is in singular form.
Verb-ing作主语，谓语动词要用单数。
Verb-ing作主语时，有时也可以用 _________ 作先行主语，且常与 any / no good, any / no use 和 (not) worth 连用。
例如：It is no use complaining. 抱怨是没有用的。
it
Ask some students to show the talent, for example, handwriting, playing chess, running, playing computer, then the other students practise:
A: What is his / her hobby
B: Doing... is his / her hobby.
Practise in pairs
1 Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. P25
drawing
Studying
observing
guessing
making
smiling
meeting
Verb-ing作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
Verb-ing作主语表示概念、习惯或者经验，指抽象的或泛指的行为。
Playing football in the street is very dangerous. (泛指踢球)
不定式作主语表示未完成的事，指具体的动作或行为。
To play football in the street will be dangerous. （具体踢球动作）
当表语是Verb-ing时，主语也要用Verb-ing；
当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，也就是说平衡原则。
如： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实
To see is to believe.
拓展
1．作动词的宾语 V+doing sth
　某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用Verb-ing作宾语，不能用不定式。
Verb-ing as object
More words
2. 介词Prep. +v-ing
do
be used to doing
look forward to doing
3. 常见的“动词＋介词+Verb-ing”的短语有：
prefer doing A to doing B 比起做B来说更喜欢做A
be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
look forward to doing 渴望做某事
feel like doing 想做某事
give up doing 放弃做某事
keep on doing 继续做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
be worth doing sth 值得做某事
4. 拓展:
It’s no use doing sth 做某事没有用。
It’s no good doing sth. 做某事没有好处。
有些动词 (continue 继续，prefer 更喜欢，begin开始，hate讨厌；憎恨，like喜欢，start开始，love喜爱)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接Verb-ing作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用Verb-ing泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。
拓展
go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事 After we jump rope, we go on to run during the 30-minute break every day .每天在30分钟的大课间，我们跳完绳后，接着继续跑步。
doing 继续或不间断地做同一件事 Though they were so tired, they went on working late . 尽管他们很累，但是他们继续工作到很晚。
拓展与复习：下列单词既可以接动词不定式也可以接Verb-ing作宾语，但意思相差较大。
stop to do 停止做某事后去做另一件事 Let’s stop to have a rest because we work for a long time.因为工作很长一段时间了，让我们停下来休息。
doing 停止做某事 Stop talking, and listen to the teacher.
别讲话，听老师讲。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事 Tim forgot to hand in his homework, so he must be left.
Tim 忘记交作业了，所以要留堂。（没有做交作业的动作）
doing 忘记做过某事 He forgot returning the money to his friend.
他忘记还过钱给朋友了。（已做过还钱的动作）
remember to do 记得去做某事 Remember to visit your grandparents after school. 记着放学后去看望爷爷奶奶。
doing 记得做过某事 I remember seeing the man before in school.
我记得以前在学校见过这个人。
try to do 努力做某事 We should try to achieve our dream.
我们尽力去实现我们的梦想。
doing 尝试着做某事 I tried a new way to solve the maths problem yesterday.
我昨天尝试了一种新方法去解决这个数学题。
S1: What does the boy enjoy
S2: He enjoys reading books.
S1: What is the girl practising
S2: She is practising climbing
mountains.
Practise in pairs, ask and answer questions about the pictures. Follow the example.
S1: What is the girl interested in
S2: She is interested in playing
chess.
S1: What is the girl good at
S2: She is good at skiing.
根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确形式完成短文。
I’m a bit fat. Going to work on foot (6) ________ (be) a good way for me to lose weight. Therefore, I do this every day. One sunny day, while I was walking to my company, I noticed a group of children (7) __________ (play) soccer. Soccer is the sport I like best. (8) __________ (watch) them play brought back memories of my own childhood. I remembered (9) _______ (do) sports with my friends. Suddenly, a dog ran onto the field and started chasing (追逐) the ball. The children laughed and tried to score a goal while avoiding the playful dog. I couldn’t help (10) __________ (join) in the excitement. I ran over and cheered for the dog as it moved with the ball. It was heartwarming to see the joy on everyone’s faces.
is
playing
Watching
doing
joining
动词-ing形式通常是不可数的，我们不会再它前面加a或an。
动词-ing形式可以有自己的宾语。
More practice
中考链接
1. So the government is taking action to stop people _____ for a whole season every year. (2024 广州中考)
A. fish B. fished C. to fish D. fishing
2. After months of _____, I finally had enough money to get one. (2022广州中考)
A. save B. saves C. saved D. saving
3. But then, instead of _____, David picks up his book, and reads deep into the night. (2020广州中考)
A. sleep B. slept C. sleeps D. sleeping
4. Perhaps they dreamed of _____ the universe.(2019广州中考)
A. explore B. to explore C. explored D. exploring
5. Xian did not stop _____ and soon showed his talent.(2018广州中考)
A. practise B. practising C. to practise D. practised
6. --Would you like______ camping with me (2018山东滨州)
--I’d like to. But I’m busy______ my homework.
A. to go; to do B. to go; doing
C. going; to do D. going; doing
7. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _______ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped______ what was wrong with him. (2018 四川成都)
A. to run; to see B. running; seeing
C. running; to see D. ran; seeing
8. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after ______ for such a long time. (2015 广州市)
A. run B. runs C. to run D.running
9. Kevin is looking forward to ______ his family this Christmas. He hasn’t been home for the holiday in years! (2019东莞一模改编)
A. visit B. visited C. visiting D. visits
B. Verb-ing and verb-ed as adjectives
动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作形容词
bored: 感到无聊的
boring: 令人厌烦的
很多形容词都是由动词字尾加 -ing 或-ed 组成的。它们被称为分词形容词，它们采用动词的现在分词 ( -ing ) 和过去分词 (-ed) 的形式。
V-ing和V-ed作形容词的用法区分：
1. 以-ed结尾的形容词，如 amazed, bored, disappointed, excited, interested, moved, pleased, puzzled, shocked, surprised, worried等，这类形容词通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物。
如：I was shocked to see how ill he was.
看到他病得这么重，我很吃惊。
All who heard the story were amazed.
听到这个故事的人都感到吃惊。
Tina was frightened, but she stayed calm.
蒂娜吓了一跳，但仍保持镇静。
V-ing和V-ed作形容词的用法区分：
2. 以-ing结尾的形容词，如 amazing, boring, disappointing, exciting, interesting, moving, puzzling, shocking, surprising, worrying等，主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征。
如：What a boring book!
多没意思的书啊！
Watching the basketball match was really exciting. 观看这个篮球赛实在是激动人心。
While the work was difficult, it was interesting.
虽然工作有难度，但很有趣。
一句口诀：人 - ed，物 - ing；感受 - ed，特质– ing
1. -ed形容词修饰人（或与人相关的名词：voice / expression / look），表达某人“感到……的”（主观感受），描述“人的情绪反应”。
2. -ing形容词修饰事物、事件、场景；或“具有某种特质的人”，表达人/物“令人……的”（客观特质），描述“人/物的属性”。
Let’s sum up the rules：
易错点 1：修饰 “与人相关的名词（voice/expression等）
正确：a frightened look（惊恐的表情）→ 表情传递人的感受（-ed）
错误：a frightening look（×）→ 除非想表达 “这个表情本身令人害怕”（极少用）
例句对比：
She has a worried face.
（她一脸担忧 —— 她感到担忧）
He is a worrying boy.
（他是个让人担心的男孩 —— 他的特质令人担忧）
易错点 2：修饰“人”但用- ing（特殊情况）
当修饰 “具有某种特质、让人产生某种感受的人” 时，用 -ing：
a boring man
（一个令人无聊的人 —— 他的特质让人觉得无聊）
a surprising friend
（一个让人意外的朋友 —— 他的行为 / 特质令人意外）
只需记住：描述 “人让人觉得……” 时用- ing，其余情况修饰人都用- ed
易错点 3：固定短语例外（单独记2个高频固搭）
be interested in（对……感兴趣）
→人的感受（-ed）
be interesting to do（做某事很有趣）
→事物的特质(-ing）
More practice
① The __________ children are opening their gifts.
(excited / exciting)
（对象：children“人”→ excited）
② This is an __________ storybook. (amazed/amazing)
（对象：storybook“物”→ amazing）
③ She spoke with a __________ voice. (tired/tiring)
（对象：voice “与人相关”→ tired）
excited
amazing
tired
1. The ______ children are singing songs in the classroom. (excited / exciting)
2. This is a very _________ story—I can’t stop reading it. (interested / interesting)
3. After a long walk, my mother felt _________. (tired / tiring)
4. The _________ news made everyone cheer. (excited / exciting)
5. She has a ____________ look on her face because she didn’t pass the test. (disappointed / disappointing)
excited
interesting
tired
exciting
disappointed
6. That __________ man always tells funny jokes at parties. (amused / amusing)
7. I’m __________ of staying at home all day. Let’s go out! (bored / boring)
8. The __________ movie made many people cry. (moved / moving)
9. He spoke in a __________ voice, so no one heard him clearly. (tired / tiring)
10. It’s __________ that she finished the task in only 10 minutes. (surprised/ surprising)
amusing
bored
moving
tired
surprising
surprising
bored
confusing
interested
excited
amusing
Summary
1. 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语：
Summary
2. V-ing 及 V-ed 类形容词：
分词形容词是在某些及物动词后面加 -ed 或 -ing 变来
的。V-ing 形容词表示主语或所修饰名词本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”。V-ed 形容词表示主语或所修饰名词对外界事物的感受，意为“感到……的”。常见的这类动词有 interest, bore, tire, amuse, amaze, frighten, embarrass, excite, please, satisfy, surprise 等。例如：
Self-assessment
How well do you know about this lesson Tick the boxes.
① I can form V-ing correctly. 口 口 口
② I can use a V-ing as the subject and object of a sentence correctly.
口 口 口
③ I can use V-ing or V-ed as adjectives of a sentence correctly.
口 口 口
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