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七年级英语下册Unit7知识点-Grammar语法
学习目标
1. 理解一般过去时的意义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常发生的动作。
2. 掌握一般过去时的结构，包括 be 动词和行为动词的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和回答。
3. 掌握规则动词过去式的构成规则（加 -ed，以及特殊情况的变化）。
4. 熟悉常用不规则动词的过去式。
5. 掌握一般过去时的常见时间状语（yesterday, last night, ago, in 1990 等）。
一、一般过去时的意义
一般过去时用来表示：
1. 过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态
常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago 等。
例句：
- He got up early yesterday. （他昨天起得很早。）
- I visited my grandparents last week. （我上周去看望了祖父母。）
2. 过去经常或反复发生的动作
常和 often, always 等频度状语连用。
例句：
- He always went to work by bus last year. （去年他总是坐公交车上班。）
挖空练习：判断下列句子是否使用一般过去时，并圈出时间状语。
1. She ________ (buy) a new bike yesterday.
2. They often ________ (play) football last year.
3. I ________ (be) at home last night.
二、一般过去时的构成
1. be 动词的过去式
be 动词的过去式有两种形式：was（用于 I / he / she / it）和 were（用于 we / you / they）。
肯定句：
- I / He / She was at home yesterday.
- We / You / They were at home yesterday.
否定句：
- I / He / She was not (wasn't) at home yesterday.
- We / You / They were not (weren't) at home yesterday.
一般疑问句：
- Was I / he / she at home yesterday
- Were you / we / they at home yesterday
简略答语：
- Yes, I / he / she was. / No, I / he / she wasn't.
- Yes, you / we / they were. / No, you / we / they weren't.
挖空练习：用 was, were, wasn't, weren't 填空。
1. I ________ at home yesterday. (肯定)
2. They ________ at school last Monday. (否定)
3. — ________ she late this morning — No, she ________.
4. We ________ happy at the party last night. (肯定)
2. 行为动词的过去式
行为动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。否定句和疑问句要借助助动词 did。
肯定句：
- I / You / He / She / We / They worked in a hospital last year.
否定句：
- I / You / He / She / We / They did not (didn't) work in a hospital last year.
一般疑问句：
- Did I / you / he / she / we / they work last week
简略答语：
- Yes, I / you / he / she / we / they did.
- No, I / you / he / she / we / they did not (didn't).
挖空练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. He ________ (visit) his grandparents last weekend. (肯定)
2. They ________ (not play) football yesterday. (否定)
3. — ________ you ________ (see) the film last night — Yes, I ________.
4. — ________ she ________ (go) to the park — No, she ________.
三、规则动词过去式的构成
规则动词的过去式一般在词尾加 -ed，但有几种特殊情况。请根据表格补全规则。
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加 ________ look → looked
play → played
start → started
以 e 结尾的动词 加 ________ hope → hoped
live → lived
use → used
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母 ________ 该辅音字母，再加 -ed stop → stopped
plan → planned
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词 变 y 为 ________，再加 -ed study → studied
carry → carried
worry → worried
读音规则：
- 在清辅音后读 /t/：looked /l kt/
- 在浊辅音和元音后读 /d/：played /ple d/, lived /l vd/
- 在 /t/ 和 /d/ 后读 / d/：started / stɑ t d/, visited / v z t d/
挖空练习：写出下列动词的过去式，并注意读音。
1. work → ________
2. dance → ________
3. stop → ________
4. study → ________
5. carry → ________
6. want → ________
四、不规则动词的过去式
许多常用动词的过去式是不规则的，需要特别记忆。以下是一些常见的不规则动词：
原形 过去式 原形 过去式
is/am was are were
go went do did
have/has had see saw
get got leave left
meet met feel felt
think thought eat ate
buy bought come came
take took give gave
挖空练习：写出下列动词的过去式。
1. see → ________
2. go → ________
3. have → ________
4. get → ________
5. leave → ________
6. meet → ________
五、一般过去时的常用时间状语
- yesterday（昨天）
- yesterday morning/afternoon/evening（昨天早上/下午/晚上）
- last night/week/month/year（昨晚/上周/上个月/去年）
- the day before yesterday（前天）
- two days ago / a week ago / three years ago（两天前/一周前/三年前）
- in 1990 / in 2022（在1990年/2022年）
例句：
- I visited the zoo the day before yesterday.
- They went to the park last Sunday.
- She was born in 2010.
六、配套练习
A. 单项选择
( ) 1. He _______ up early yesterday morning.
A. get B. gets C. got D. is getting
( ) 2. — Did you see the film last night — _______.
A. Yes, I didn't B. No, I did C. Yes, I did D. No, I don't
( ) 3. They _______ at home last Sunday. They went to the park.
A. were B. wasn't C. weren't D. are
( ) 4. I _______ my grandparents last week.
A. visit B. visited C. visits D. am visiting
( ) 5. — _______ you _______ to the zoo yesterday — Yes, we did.
A. Did; go B. Were; go C. Did; went D. Were; went
B. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. He ________ (get) up early yesterday.
2. They ________ (not, go) to the park last Sunday.
3. — ________ you ________ (see) the film last night — Yes, I ________.
4. She ________ (be) at home the day before yesterday.
5. We ________ (have) a great time at the party last week.
C. 连词成句（注意时态）
1. my favourite actor, the day before yesterday, I, see, in a film
→ __________________________________________________.
2. they, a day, spend, on a chicken farm, last month
→ __________________________________________________.
3. two bottles of milk, on the table, a few minutes ago, there, be
→ __________________________________________________.
4. last night, stop, the doctor, work, at ten o'clock
→ __________________________________________________.
5. Ms Li, last Wednesday, meet, in the street, one of her friends
→ __________________________________________________.
D. 完成短文（用所给动词的正确形式填空）
Last week our class went on a school trip. In a museum, we (1) ________ (learn) about important people. We (2) ________ (see) many things such as old photos and paintings. We also tried on some uniforms from the past. We (3) ________ (walk) along the mountain roads and (4) ________ (think) about the past. Many people back then (5) ________ (work) hard to create what we have today. It (6) ________ (be) a day to remember.
E. 翻译句子
1. 我昨天买了一件新T恤。
→ I ________ a new T-shirt yesterday.
2. 他们上周没有去动物园。
→ They ________ ________ to the zoo last week.
3. — 你昨晚看电影了吗？ — 是的，我看了。
→ — ________ you ________ a film last night — Yes, I ________.
4. 昨天这个时候他在家里。
→ He ________ at home at this time yesterday.
参考答案
A. 单项选择
1. C（yesterday 用过去式 got）
2. C（Did you... 肯定回答 Yes, I did.）
3. C（went to the park 说明不在家，所以用 weren't）
4. B（last week 用过去式 visited）
5. A（Did you go... 一般过去时疑问句）
B. 动词填空
1. got
2. didn't go
3. Did; see; did
4. was
5. had
C. 连词成句
1. I saw my favourite actor in a film the day before yesterday.
2. They spent a day on a chicken farm last month.
3. There were two bottles of milk on the table a few minutes ago.
4. The doctor stopped work at ten o'clock last night.
5. Ms Li met one of her friends in the street last Wednesday.
D. 短文填空
1. learned
2. saw
3. walked
4. thought
5. worked
6. was
E. 翻译
1. bought
2. didn't go
3. Did; see; did
4. was

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