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译林版（2024）八年级下册Unit 1 Past and present
单元重点词汇变形100题（含解析）
四种题型：
一、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式。 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
三、根据首字母提示完成句子。 四、根据句意及音标填空。
一、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式。
1．When Mr. Ma ________ (踏,行走) on the narrow paths, he felt close to his hometown.
2．Sally had ________ (谋生) by selling her works of art before she became a ________ (举世闻名的) artist.
3．The local government provides excellent public ________ (设施), such as libraries and sports centers, for all citizens to enjoy.
4．I have never seen you ________ (自……以来) three years ago.
5．The ________ (公共的) library in our town is free for everyone to use.
6．________ (电动的) cars are becoming more popular because they help reduce air pollution.
7．Shenzhen is a ________ (南部的) city with a warm climate.
8．My uncle works as a city ________ (规划者) and designs new parks.
9．We should encourage more ________ (创新) in our daily studies.
10．Shenzhen is a ________ (开拓性的) city in China’s reform and opening up.
11．She got an ________ (极好的) score on her science test.
12．Many people like talk shows because they are ________ (有教育意义的) to us all.
13．What are the plans for the ________ (发展) of your factory
14．________ (最近), students in our school have been busy preparing for the Foreign Language Festival, celebrating the diversity of languages and cultures.
15．My neighbourhood is very ________ (方便的) because it’s near the shopping centre and the bus station.
16．Jack is quite a ________ (普遍的) English name.
17．She ________ (肯定地) knows how to make people laugh.
18．With the development of science and ________ (科技), our life is becoming easier and easier.
19．Nowadays, high speed trains make our lives more ________ (方便的).
20．The high- _______ (速度) train makes it easier for people to travel around China.
21．Steve Jobs was a ________ (先锋) in the development of personal computers and smartphones.
22．The development of ________ (工业) helps create more jobs.
23．—Traditional culture is the precious ________ (财富) for a nation.
—I agree.
24．My father is ________ (带领) us to the zoo.
25．He found there was a ________ (宽的) range of knowledge for him to go over.
26．Ye Guangfu shared his story with a _________ (记者) from CCTV.
27．Thank the street cleaners for ________ (倒空) all the bins to make our city clean and tidy.
28．Andy is very proud and he often says he ________ (已经) knows everything about it.
29．The buses in Beijing are very ________ (拥挤的) during rush hours.
30．Open your book at Page 5. You can see the word in the first _________ (行).
31．Foreign g________ (客人) will surely enjoy themselves in China during the holidays.
32．The ________ (旅游业) in this town has developed quickly these years.
33．Our art teacher always encourages us to show ________ (创造力) in our paintings.
34．It is a great ________ (荣誉) to be chosen as the student representative at the school meeting.
35．You can take the ________ (地铁) to the city centre. It’s fast and cheap.
二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．The living environment has improved as well. The city ________(plan) try to make the city greener and cleaner.
2．Spending too much time on mobile phones is ________ (certain) bad for our eyes.
3．________ (recent), my family and I visited my grandparents in the countryside.
4．The Sanhe Ancient Town is famous as a water town with many beautiful ancient buildings. It is usually ________ (crowd) with visitors from all over the country.
5．The city also offers many ________ (education) activities to the local people.
6．There are so many cultural ________ (facility) in the city now, like libraries and museums.
7．The cultural ________(develop) in Shenzhen is very great.
8．My grandparents used to live in the ______ (south) part of China, where the weather is warm all year round.
9．Hanfu is now ________ popular all over the world. (wide)
10．The ________ (pioneer) spirit of aerospace scientists encourages young people to explore the unknown.
11．After the rain, the field was very _____ (mud).
12．Many ________ (citizen) are talking about that news which happened yesterday.
13．The ________ (tour) industry in the city is growing more and more important.
14．A ________ (design) needs to have a good sense of creativity.
15．Last year’s ________ (wealth) person can probably be this year’s biggest loser. Nothing is impossible.
16．The old man made a ________ (live) as a fisherman when he was young.
17．It’s pretty likely that robots and AI technology will change a lot of _________ (industry).
18．I ________ (use) to go swimming every summer, but now I don’t have time.
19．Such warm weather is ________ (common) and surprising in January in Chongqing.
20．I was walking up and down between the ________ (row) of desks when suddenly my own phone rang.
21．When the ________ (guest) entered the hall, Mr White stood up and greeted them politely.
22．It’s easy for us ________ (chat) with friends online now.
23．It’s ________ (convenience) to take the underground to the city centre.
24．She is one of the ________ (lead) scientists in the field of environmental protection.
25．________ (creat)is important for solving problems in new and useful ways.
26．A local ________ (report) visited our school to interview students about their career dreams.
27．Shenzhen is a ________ (world-famous) city in China now.
28．The underground runs at a high ________ (speed) in big cities.
29．The wind can be used to produce ________ (electric). It’s cheaper than a nuclear plant.
30．The bottle is ________ (empty), there’s no water in it.
31．After lunch tomorrow, the Browns _______ (move) to Taihu New Town.
32．There are two telephone ________ (line) in my home.
33．She is interested in science and ________ (technology).
34．The singer ___________ (public) thanked her fans for their support after the concert.
35．With the help of Tom, I feel ________ (hope) to finish the difficult task on time.
三、根据首字母提示完成句子。
1．The train can reach a maximum s______ of 350 kilometers per hour.
2．The four men were standing in a l________ on the other side of the table.
3．The hotel was e___________ because everyone ran away.
4．When I arrived, he was a________ there.
5．You can see a g_________ hippo (河马) near the river. It’s so huge.
6．Most people in this village make a l________ by fishing.
7．The school has a new sports f________.
8．There is a shop near our home. It is c________ to buy something there.
9．Parents should care about their children’s d________ of both body and mind.
10．The students in our school are e________. They often do well in all subjects.
11．Our country has got rapid development in space t________.
12．It is a great h________ for me to give a speech here.
13．T________ has changed a lot since ten years ago in our city.
14．S________ he left his hometown, he has never come back.
15．It’s i________ for you to live on the moon at present．
16．Liu Hua u________ to eat a lot of fast food, but now he begins to lose weight to keep fit.
17．The r______ in education has helped more students get better schooling.
18．I have r________ finished my homework, so I can watch TV now.
19．The southern part of the country is warm, while the n________ part is cold in winter.
20．T________ has brought tourists and jobs to this small village. Young people feel h________ about their future.
四、根据句意及音标填空。
1．We should believe that love is abundant and always has unlimited ________ / kri e t v ti/.
2．Amon was sailing his ship during a big storm when a ________ /'d a nt/ fish came out of the sea.
3．Basketball is a ________ /'k m n/ sport among many teenage boys.
4．Doctors say too much pressure is not good for children’s ________ (/d vel p/).
5．It is always very __________ in Nanjing Road Walkway. / kra d d/
6．I like watching the news and talk shows because they are ________ (/edju’kei nl/).
7．Children like the ________ /i’lektrik/ toys.
8．Many years ago, the river ________ /led/ to a mountain.
9．Peter took an _________ to Century Park yesterday.
10．The Great Wall in China is________, almost everyone knows it. /,w ld ‘fe m s/译林版（2024）八年级下册Unit 1 Past and present
单元重点词汇变形100题答案解析
一、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式
1. stepped；解析：根据felt（feel的过去式）可知句子为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，step的过去式为stepped。
2. made a living；world-famous；解析：第一空“谋生”固定搭配make a living，由had可知用过去完成时，make的过去分词为made；第二空“举世闻名的”为形容词world-famous，修饰名词artist。
3. facilities；解析：facility为可数名词，由后文libraries and sports centers可知用复数形式facilities。
4. since；解析：“自……以来”用连词since，后接时间点，是现在完成时的标志词。
5. public；解析：“公共的”为形容词public，修饰名词library。
6. Electric；解析：“电动的”为形容词Electric，首字母大写，修饰名词cars。
7. southern；解析：“南部的”为形容词southern，修饰名词city（south为名词，不能直接修饰名词）。
8. planner；解析：“规划者”为名词planner，由a可知用单数形式。
9. innovation；解析：“创新”为名词innovation，为不可数名词，作encourage的宾语。
10. pioneering；解析：“开拓性的”为形容词pioneering，修饰名词city。
11. excellent；解析：“极好的”为形容词excellent，修饰名词score。
12. educational；解析：“有教育意义的”为形容词educational，作表语，be educational to sb. 对某人有教育意义。
13. development；解析：“发展”为名词development，为不可数名词，作介词for的宾语。
14. Recently；解析：“最近”为副词Recently，首字母大写，作时间状语，用于现在完成时。
15. convenient；解析：“方便的”为形容词convenient，作表语，be convenient 方便的。
mon；解析：“普遍的”为形容词common，修饰名词name。
17. certainly；解析：“肯定地”为副词certainly，修饰动词knows。
18. technology；解析：“科技”为名词technology，science and technology 科学技术，固定搭配。
19. convenient；解析：“方便的”为形容词convenient，make sth. + adj. 使某物……，固定结构。
20. speed；解析：“速度”为名词speed，high-speed 高速的，复合形容词，修饰train。
21. pioneer；解析：“先锋”为名词pioneer，由a可知用单数形式。
22. industry；解析：“工业”为名词industry，为不可数名词，作介词of的宾语。
23. wealth；解析：“财富”为名词wealth，为不可数名词，作表语。
24. leading；解析：“带领”为动词lead，由is可知句子为现在进行时，结构为be + doing，lead的现在分词为leading。
25. wide；解析：“宽的”为形容词wide，a wide range of 广泛的，固定搭配。
26. reporter；解析：“记者”为名词reporter，由a可知用单数形式。
27. emptying；解析：“倒空”为动词empty，thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事，for为介词，后接动名词，empty的动名词为emptying。
28. already；解析：“已经”为副词already，常用于肯定句中，修饰动词knows。
29. crowded；解析：“拥挤的”为形容词crowded，be crowded 拥挤的，作表语。
30. line；解析：“行”为名词line，由the first可知用单数形式。
31. guests；解析：“客人”为名词guest，由Foreign可知表示一类人，用复数形式guests（题干首字母g已给出）。
32. tourism；解析：“旅游业”为名词tourism，为不可数名词，作主语。
33. creativity；解析：“创造力”为名词creativity，为不可数名词，作show的宾语。
34. honour（美honor）；解析：“荣誉”为名词honour，由a可知用单数形式。
35. underground/subway；解析：“地铁”为名词underground（英式）/subway（美式），take the underground/subway 乘地铁，固定搭配。
二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. planners；解析：plan为动词，此处指“城市规划者”，用名词planner，由谓语try可知主语为复数，故填planners。
2. certainly；解析：certain为形容词，此处修饰形容词bad，用副词certainly（肯定地）。
3. Recently；解析：recent为形容词，此处作时间状语，用副词Recently（最近），首字母大写。
4. crowded；解析：crowd为动词/名词，be crowded with 挤满……，固定搭配，故填形容词crowded。
5. educational；解析：education为名词，此处修饰名词activities，用形容词educational（有教育意义的）。
6. facilities；解析：facility为可数名词，由many可知用复数形式facilities（设施）。
7. development；解析：develop为动词，此处指“文化发展”，用名词development（发展），为不可数名词。
8. southern；解析：south为名词，此处修饰名词part，用形容词southern（南部的）。
9. widely；解析：wide为形容词，此处修饰形容词popular，用副词widely（广泛地）。
10. pioneering；解析：pioneer为名词/动词，此处修饰名词spirit，用形容词pioneering（开拓性的，先驱的）。
11. muddy；解析：mud为名词，此处作表语，用形容词muddy（泥泞的）。
12. citizens；解析：citizen为可数名词，由many可知用复数形式citizens（市民）。
13. tourism；解析：tour为动词/名词，tourism industry 旅游业，固定搭配，故填名词tourism。
14. designer；解析：design为动词，此处指“设计师”，用名词designer，由a可知用单数形式。
15. wealthiest；解析：wealth为名词，由the和语境“去年最富有的人可能是今年最大的失败者”可知用形容词最高级wealthiest（最富有的）。
16. living；解析：live为动词，make a living 谋生，固定搭配，故填living。
17. industries；解析：industry为可数名词，由a lot of可知用复数形式industries（行业，工业）。
18. used；解析：use为动词，used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，固定搭配，故填used。
19. uncommon；解析：common为形容词，由surprising（令人惊讶的）可知此处表示“不常见的”，用反义词uncommon。
20. rows；解析：row为可数名词，由desks可知用复数形式rows（排，行），rows of 一排排的。
21. guests；解析：guest为可数名词，由them可知主语为复数，故填guests（客人）。
22. to chat；解析：chat为动词，It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的，固定句型，故填to chat。
23. convenient；解析：convenience为名词，此处作表语，用形容词convenient（方便的）。
24. leading；解析：lead为动词，此处修饰名词scientists，用形容词leading（主要的，顶尖的）。
25. Creativity；解析：creat为动词词根，此处作主语，用名词Creativity（创造力），首字母大写，为不可数名词。
26. reporter；解析：report为动词/名词，此处指“记者”，用名词reporter，由a可知用单数形式。
27. world-famous；解析：world-famous本身为形容词（举世闻名的），修饰名词city，无需变形。
28. speed；解析：speed为名词，at a high speed 高速地，固定搭配，故填speed。
29. electricity；解析：electric为形容词，此处作produce的宾语，用名词electricity（电），为不可数名词。
30. empty；解析：empty为形容词，此处作表语，指“瓶子是空的”，无需变形。
31. will move/are going to move；解析：move为动词，由tomorrow可知句子为一般将来时，可填will move或are going to move。
32. lines；解析：line为可数名词，由two可知用复数形式lines（线路）。
33. technology；解析：technology为名词，science and technology 科学技术，固定搭配，无需变形。
34. publicly；解析：public为形容词/名词，此处修饰动词thanked，用副词publicly（公开地）。
35. hopeful；解析：hope为动词/名词，feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语，hopeful（有希望的）符合语境。
三、根据首字母提示完成句子
1. speed；解析：由350 kilometers per hour和首字母s可知填speed（速度），a maximum speed 最高速度。
2. line；解析：stand in a line 站成一排，固定搭配，由首字母l可知填line（排）。
3. empty；解析：由everyone ran away和首字母e可知填empty（空的），作表语。
4. already；解析：由语境“我到的时候，他已经在那儿了”和首字母a可知填already（已经）。
5. giant；解析：由It’s so huge和首字母g可知填giant（巨大的），修饰名词hippo。
6. living；解析：make a living 谋生，固定搭配，由首字母l可知填living。
7. facility；解析：sports facility 体育设施，由a new可知用单数，首字母f提示填facility（设施）。
8. convenient；解析：由There is a shop near our home和首字母c可知填convenient（方便的），It is convenient to do sth. 做某事很方便。
9. development；解析：由body and mind和首字母d可知填development（发展），为不可数名词，指“身心发展”。
10. excellent；解析：由They often do well in all subjects和首字母e可知填excellent（优秀的），作表语。
11. technology；解析：space technology 航天技术，固定搭配，首字母t提示填technology（技术）。
12. honour（美honor）；解析：It is a great honour for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是极大的荣誉，首字母h提示填honour。
13. Everything/Things；解析：由has changed a lot和首字母T（题干首字母T）可知可填Everything（一切）（作主语，谓语用单数）或Things（事情）（需将has改为have，题干若为原题形式则优先填Everything）。
14. Since；解析：由has never come back（现在完成时）和首字母S可知填Since（自从），引导时间状语从句。
15. impossible；解析：由live on the moon at present和首字母i可知填impossible（不可能的），It’s impossible for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是不可能的。
16. used；解析：used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，由but now可知语境为过去和现在对比，首字母u提示填used。
17. reform；解析：由in education和helped more students get better schooling及首字母r可知填reform（改革），为不可数名词。
18. recently；解析：由have finished（现在完成时）和首字母r可知填recently（最近），作时间状语。
19. northern；解析：由The southern part和首字母n可知填northern（北部的），修饰名词part。
20. Tourism；hopeful；解析：第一空由brought tourists and jobs和首字母T可知填Tourism（旅游业），作主语；第二空由about their future和首字母h可知填hopeful（有希望的），feel hopeful about 对……感到有希望。
四、根据句意及音标填空
1. creativity；解析：根据音标/ kri e t v ti/可知填creativity（创造力），为不可数名词。
2. giant；解析：根据音标/'d a nt/可知填giant（巨大的），修饰名词fish。
3. common；解析：根据音标/'k m n/可知填common（普遍的，常见的），修饰名词sport。
4. development；解析：根据音标/d vel p/可知其名词形式为development（发展），children’s development 孩子的发展。
5. crowded；解析：根据音标/ kra d d/可知填crowded（拥挤的），作表语。
6. educational；解析：根据音标/edju’kei nl/可知填educational（有教育意义的），作表语。
7. electric；解析：根据音标/i’lektrik/可知填electric（电动的），修饰名词toys。
8. led；解析：根据音标/led/可知填lead的过去式led（通向），由Many years ago可知句子为一般过去时。
9. excursion（注：题干未给音标，结合语境“去世纪公园”，填excursion（短途旅行）符合；若为常见音标题，也可核对原题音标，此处为合理补填）；
10. world-famous；解析：根据音标/,w ld ‘fe m s/可知填world-famous（举世闻名的），作表语。

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