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九年级英语一轮复习·动词专题
——“语境化”实战学案
班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 得分：__________ (满分150)
要求： 审题要狠，下笔要准。一词多形，语境定音！
Part One基础变形：单句语境速测 (30分)
一、单句语境填空 (每空1.5分，共30分)
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。注意：有些空可能需要填两个词（如助动词+分词），请写完整。
Look! The bus ___________ (come). Let's get ready to get on.
My father usually ___________ (drive) to work, but today he ___________ (take) the subway because of the traffic.
— ___________ you ever ___________ (be) to Wuhan Happy Valley
— Yes, I ___________ (go) there last summer vacation.
Listen! Someone ___________ (play) the piano in the next room. It sounds beautiful.
If it ___________ (not rain) tomorrow, we ___________ (have) a picnic in the park.
By the time we got to the cinema, the movie ___________ already ___________ (begin).
The teacher told us that light ___________ (travel) faster than sound.
Great changes ___________ (take place) in our city since 2015.
He ___________ (read) a book when the lights suddenly ___________ (go) out last night.
The project ___________ (finish) by the students two days ago.
Many trees ___________ (plant) along the river every year to prevent soil erosion.
She ___________ (learn) English for ten years, so she can speak it fluently.
Don't make noise. The baby ___________ (sleep).
I ___________ (lose) my key yesterday, so I couldn't get into my house.
— Where is Tom
— He ___________ (go) to the library. He will be back in an hour.
The story ___________ (tell) by my grandmother many times. I know it by heart.
While I ___________ (walk) down the street, I met an old friend of mine.
More high-speed railways ___________ (build) in China in the next five years.
He said he ___________ (visit) the Great Wall the following week.
The food ___________ (smell) delicious. Would you like some
Part Two 非谓语动词：语境中的形式博弈 (30分)
二、单句语境进阶填空 (每空1.5分，共30分)
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语及语态。
My dream is ___________ (become) a professional engineer in the future.
It is important for teenagers ___________ (learn) how to protect themselves.
I enjoy ___________ (read) books in my spare time, especially history books.
The boy was seen ___________ (cross) the street carefully just now.
When I passed the playground, I saw some students ___________ (play) basketball.
___________ (work) hard, you will surely pass the exam.
___________ (invite) to the party, she felt very excited and bought a new dress.
The bridge ___________ (build) last year is now open to traffic.
He stopped ___________ (talk) when the teacher came into the classroom.
After finishing his homework, he stopped ___________ (watch) TV for a while.
I remember ___________ (lock) the door, but I'm not sure now.
Please remember ___________ (turn) off the lights before you leave.
The floor is dirty. It needs ___________ (clean) immediately.
Your hair is too long. You need ___________ (cut) it this weekend.
___________ (not know) the answer, he kept silent in class.
There are many children ___________ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.
She pretended ___________ (not hear) what I said and walked away.
The problem discussed at the meeting is difficult ___________ (solve).
I have a lot of letters ___________ (write) tonight, so I can't go out.
___________ (compare) with his brother, he is much taller and stronger.
Part Three 综合语篇填空 (A)：叙事类 (30分)
三、语篇填空 (A) (每空1.5分，共30分)
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Last weekend, I ___________ (have) a meaningful experience. On Saturday morning, I ___________ (decide) to visit the Old People's Home near my house. When I ___________ (get) there, many volunteers ___________ already ___________ (arrive). They ___________ (clean) the rooms and ___________ (chat) with the old people.
I ___________ (ask) to help in the kitchen. The cook told me ___________ (wash) the vegetables first. While I ___________ (work), an old grandma ___________ (come) up to me and ___________ (say) thanks. She said she ___________ (live) there for five years and ___________ (feel) lonely sometimes, but our visits made her happy.
At noon, we ___________ (serve) lunch to the elderly. The food ___________ (prepare) by the volunteers ourselves. Although we ___________ (be) tired, we ___________ (feel) proud. Before I ___________ (leave), the head of the home ___________ (thank) us and ___________ (promise) ___________ (invite) us again next month.
On my way home, I thought that ___________ (care) for the old is our duty. I ___________ (realize) that small acts of kindness ___________ (make) a big difference. I ___________ (determine) ___________ (do) more volunteer work in the future.
Part Four综合语篇填空 (B)：说明与议论类 (30分)
四、语篇填空 (B) (每空1.5分，共30分)
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
Nowadays, mobile phones ___________ (use) widely in our daily life. They ___________ (consider) one of the most important inventions in the 21st century. With a mobile phone, we can ___________ (communicate) with friends easily, ___________ (get) information quickly, and even ___________ (pay) for things without cash.
However, every coin has two sides. Some students ___________ (addict) to playing games on their phones. They spend too much time ___________ (surf) the Internet instead of ___________ (study). This ___________ (cause) serious problems. Their eyesight ___________ (harm) and their grades ___________ (drop) rapidly.
Teachers and parents suggest ___________ (limit) the screen time for teenagers. It is necessary for students ___________ (develop) good habits. Schools ___________ (require) ___________ (make) rules to stop students from ___________ (bring) phones into classrooms.
In my opinion, technology ___________ (design) to serve humans, not to control us. We should learn ___________ (use) phones wisely. If we ___________ (balance) our study and entertainment well, phones ___________ (become) helpful tools. Let's take action ___________ (protect) our eyes and ___________ (improve) our efficiency. Remember, the future ___________ (create) by ourselves, not by machines.
Part Five 高阶语境：熟词生义与复杂句式 (30分)
五、高阶语境填空 (每空1.5分，共30分)
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。注意语境中的深层逻辑。
The conference will ___________ (address) the global warming issue next week.
Every second ___________ (count) in the final stage of the competition.
The photographer is busy ___________ (develop) the photos taken yesterday.
The reporter was sent to ___________ (cover) the Olympic Games in Paris.
Only a few ancient buildings ___________ (remain) after the war.
He ___________ (observe) the speed limit strictly, so he never gets fines.
The dark clouds ___________ (promise) a heavy storm, so we stayed indoors.
Can you ___________ (afford) to take a week off from work
Due to his excellent performance, he ___________ (promote) to manager last month.
The clock ___________ (strike) twelve when we finally finished the task.
I wish I ___________ (know) the answer to this question yesterday. (虚拟语气)
It is high time that we ___________ (take) action to protect the environment. (虚拟语气)
___________ (face) with difficulties, he never gave up. (过去分词作状语)
The meeting ___________ (hold) now is of great importance.
Nothing can stop him from ___________ (achieve) his goal, no matter how hard it is.
The book, ___________ (write) by a famous scientist, sells very well.
___________ (judge) from his appearance, he must be very tired.
All the work ___________ (do), we went home happily. (独立主格结构提示：work与do是被动)
He spoke slowly and clearly, ___________ (make) himself understood by everyone.
___________ (give) more time, I could have done the job better. (虚拟条件句省略if)
Part Six终极挑战：长篇综合语境 (附加题)
六、终极长篇语篇填空 (每空2分，共20分，不计入总分，仅供挑战)
这是一段高难度的综合文本，融合了多种时态、语态、非谓语及特殊用法。
The history of the Silk Road ___________ (date) back to the Han Dynasty. For centuries, it ___________ (serve) as a bridge connecting the East and the West. Goods like silk, tea, and porcelain ___________ (transport) to Europe, while glass, gold, and silver ___________ (bring) to China.
Not only goods but also cultures ___________ (exchange) along this route. Buddhism, for example, ___________ (introduce) to China from India. Scientists and artists ___________ (travel) thousands of miles, ___________ (share) their knowledge and skills.
Today, the spirit of the Silk Road ___________ (revive) through the "Belt and Road" initiative. Many countries ___________ (invite) to join in this project. New railways and roads ___________ (build) to facilitate trade. It ___________ (expect) that this initiative ___________ (promote) economic growth and ___________ (strengthen) friendship among nations.
Looking at the past and present, we can see that cooperation ___________ (be) the key to development. We look forward to ___________ (see) a brighter future where people from different backgrounds ___________ (work) together harmoniously.
2 / 22026年九年级英语一轮复习——动词专题学案
参考答案与解析
Part One 基础变形：单句语境速测 (30分)
一、单句语境填空 (每空1.5分，共30分)
is coming
(解析：Look! 提示动作正在发生，用现在进行时。)
drives; is taking
(解析：usually提示习惯性动作用一般现在时；today/because of traffic提示现阶段暂时性动作用现在进行时。)
Have; been; went
(解析：ever提示现在完成时；last summer vacation是明确的过去时间，用一般过去时。)
is playing
(解析：Listen! 提示动作正在发生，用现在进行时。)
doesn't rain; will have
(解析：If引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则。)
had; begun
(解析：By the time + 过去时间点，主句动作发生在过去之前，用过去完成时。)
travels
(解析：地球绕太阳转是客观真理，永远用一般现在时。)
have taken place
(解析：since 2015提示现在完成时；take place是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。)
was reading; went
(解析：when引导的时间状语，长背景动作用过去进行时，短突发动作用一般过去时。)
was finished
(解析：two days ago提示一般过去时；project与finish是被动关系。)
are planted
(解析：every year提示一般现在时；trees与plant是被动关系。)
has learned / has been learning
(解析：for ten years提示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。)
is sleeping
(解析：Don't make noise提示此刻正在发生，用现在进行时。)
lost
(解析：yesterday提示一般过去时。)
has gone
(解析：Where is Tom 暗示人不在这里，去了未回，用has gone。)
has been told
(解析：many times提示现在完成时；story与tell是被动关系。)
was walking
(解析：While引导持续性动作，用过去进行时。)
will be built
(解析：in the next five years提示一般将来时；railways与build是被动关系。)
would visit
(解析：主句He said是过去时，宾语从句需用过去将来时。)
smells
(解析：smell作系动词表示“闻起来”，主动表被动，描述性质。)
Part Two 非谓语动词：语境中的形式博弈 (30分)
二、单句语境进阶填空 (每空1.5分，共30分)
to become
(解析：dream作主语，表具体目标或将来，常用不定式。)
to learn
(解析：It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 固定句型。)
reading
(解析：enjoy后接动名词doing。)
to cross
(解析：see sb. do sth. 变被动语态时，省略的to必须还原。)
playing
(解析：see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事。)
Working
(解析：祈使句+and/or结构，或分词作状语表条件，“如果努力工作”。)
Invited
(解析：过去分词作状语，表被动和完成，“被邀请时”。)
built
(解析：过去分词作后置定语，修饰house，表被动，“被建的”。)
to talk
(解析：stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。)
watching
(解析：stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事。)
locking
(解析：remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。)
to turn
(解析：remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事。)
cleaning / to be cleaned
(解析：need doing = need to be done，物作主语表被动需要。)
to cut
(解析：人作主语，need to do sth. 需要做某事。)
Not knowing
(解析：现在分词的否定式作原因状语。)
flying
(解析：There be句型后接分词作定语，children与fly是主动关系。)
not to hear
(解析：pretend to do sth.，否定词not置于to之前。)
to solve
(解析：adj. + to do结构，主动形式表被动含义。)
to write
(解析：have sth. to do，有事要做，不定式作定语。)
Compared
(解析：Compared with/to是固定搭配，过去分词作状语。)
Part Three 综合语篇填空 (A)：叙事类 (30分)
三、语篇填空 (A) (按题目顺序编号，每空1.5分，共30分)
(注：本部分共设20个空，依据文章逻辑顺序排列)
had
(一般过去时，描述过去的经历)
decided
(一般过去时，decide to do)
got
(一般过去时，get there)
had
(过去完成时助动词，表示“已经”)
arrived
(过去分词，与had构成过去完成时)
were cleaning
(过去进行时，描述“我到达时”正在进行的背景动作)
chatting
(现在分词，与cleaning并列，构成过去进行时)
was asked
(一般过去时的被动语态)
to wash
(tell sb. to do sth.)
was working
(过去进行时，while引导的持续动作)
came
(一般过去时)
said
(一般过去时)
had lived
(过去完成时，表示在“说”之前已经住了五年)
felt
(一般过去时，与lived并列或在宾语从句中陈述当时状态)
served
(一般过去时)
was prepared
(一般过去时的被动语态)
were
(一般过去时，be tired)
felt
(一般过去时)
left
(一般过去时，before引导的时间状语)
thanked
(一般过去时，若试卷此处包含promised/to invite等后续空，请顺延：21.promised 22.to invite 23.caring 24.realized 25.make 26.determined 27.to do)
Part Four 综合语篇填空 (B)：说明与议论类 (30分)
四、语篇填空 (B) (按题目顺序编号，每空1.5分，共30分)
are used
(一般现在时被动，陈述事实)
are considered
(一般现在时被动，“被认为”)
communicate
(情态动词can后接原形)
get
(情态动词can后接原形，与communicate并列)
pay
(情态动词can后接原形，并列)
are addicted
(be addicted to固定搭配，表状态)
surfing
(spend time doing sth.)
studying
(instead of后接动名词)
causes
(This指代前文现象，单数第三人称，一般现在时)
is harmed
(一般现在时被动，视力被损害)
drop / are dropping
(grades复数，一般现在时或现在进行时均可，建议drop)
limiting
(suggest doing sth.)
to develop
(It is necessary for sb. to do sth.)
are required
(Schools复数，一般现在时被动)
to make
(be required to do sth.)
bringing
(prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.)
is designed
(technology单数，一般现在时被动或系表结构)
to use
(learn to do sth.)
balance
(If条件状语从句，主将从现，用一般现在时)
will become
(主句，一般将来时)
(注：若试卷包含后续protect/improve/created等空，参考答案如下：to protect; improve; will be created)
Part Five 高阶语境：熟词生义与复杂句式 (30分)
五、高阶语境填空 (按题目顺序编号，每空1.5分，共30分)
address
(will后接原形，熟词生义：解决/处理)
counts
(Every second单数，熟词生义：重要/有价值)
developing
(be busy doing sth.)
cover
(sent to do，熟词生义：报道)
remain
(buildings复数，熟词生义：剩下/保持)
observes
(He单数，熟词生义：遵守)
promised
(拟人化用法，云“预示”，结合上下文过去时态)
afford
(Can you后接原形，熟词生义：承担/抽得出时间)
was promoted
(last month提示过去时，被动语态)
struck
(when引导过去时刻，strike的过去式，意为“敲响”)
had known
(wish后接虚拟语气，对过去的虚拟用过去完成时)
took
(It is high time that + 过去时，虚拟语气)
Faced
(be faced with的省略，过去分词作状语)
being held
(now提示正在进行，meeting与hold被动，用现在分词被动式)
achieving
(from是介词，后接doing)
written
(过去分词作后置定语，表被动/完成)
Judging
(Judging from是固定搭配，独立成分)
done
(独立主格结构，work与do是被动关系，用过去分词)
making
(现在分词作结果状语)
Given
(虚拟条件句省略if，Given = If I had been given)
Part Six 终极挑战：长篇综合语境 (附加题)
六、终极长篇语篇填空 (按题目顺序编号，每空2分，共20分)
dates
(date back to陈述客观事实，一般现在时)
has served
(For centuries连接过去与现在，用现在完成时)
were transported
(过去的事实，被动语态)
were brought
(过去的事实，被动语态)
were exchanged
(过去的事实，被动语态)
was introduced
(过去的事实，被动语态)
traveled
(过去的事实，一般过去时)
sharing
(现在分词作伴随状语)
is being revived
(Today提示现在，正在被复兴，现在进行时被动)
are invited
(Many countries复数，陈述现状，一般现在时被动)
are being built
(正在被建设，现在进行时被动)
is expected
(It is expected that... 固定句型)
will promote
(宾语从句中，倡议将促进，一般将来时)
strengthen
(and连接，will promote and [will] strengthen)
is
(cooperation不可数，客观真理)
seeing
(look forward to doing sth.)
will work
(定语从句修饰future，表示将来，用一般将来时)
(AI生成)九年级英语一轮复习·动词专题全景知识清单
——语法为骨，词汇为肉，构建完整的动词知识体系。
【模块一】时态体系：逻辑与语境
1. 八大时态核心架构
时态 结构公式 典型标志词 (Signal Words) 核心用法与语境
一般现在时 do/does always, usually, often, every..., on Sundays, once a week ① 客观真理、自然现象。 ② 习惯性动作。 ③ 主将从现 (If/When/As soon as/Unless引导的从句)。
现在进行时 am/is/are + doing now, at the moment, Look!, Listen!, these days ① 此刻正在进行的动作。 ② 现阶段暂时性的动作。 ③ 动态动词表将来 (leave, arrive, start, go, come)。
一般过去时 did yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 2020, just now, the other day ① 过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。② 过去习惯 (used to do)。
过去进行时 was/were + doing at this time yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night, when/while ① 过去某时刻正在进行的动作。 ② 背景描写 (It was raining heavily when...). ③ When (短动) + 过去进行；While (长动) + 过去进行。
现在完成时 have/has + done already, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently, so far, in the past few years ① 过去发生对现在有影响的动作。 ② 从过去持续到现在的动作 (需延续性动词)。 ③ Since句型: It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时。
过去完成时 had + done by the end of last year, before he came, after he had left ① “过去的过去” ：必须有一个过去的时间点或动作作为参照。 ② 宾语从句中，主句过完，从句动作发生在主句之前。
一般将来时 will do / be going to do tomorrow, next..., in two days, soon, in the future ① will: 临时决定、预测、意愿。 ② be going to: 计划、打算、有迹象表明即将发生。
过去将来时 would do / was going to do (常用于宾语从句) He said he... 站在过去看将来。
2. 易错点深度解析
瞬间动词 vs. 延续性动词 (完成时陷阱)
规则：瞬间动词 (die, buy, join, borrow, leave, come, go, finish, start) 不能与 for + 时间段 或 since + 时间点 连用。
转化清单 (必背)：
2 / 2
die → be dead
buy → have
join → be in / be a member of
borrow → keep
leave → be away (from)
come/go → be here / be there
finish/end → be over
begin/start → be on
fall asleep → be asleep
get up → be up
catch a cold → have a cold
"主将从现" 扩展
适用连词：if, unless, when, as soon as, until, even if, no matter when。
特例：如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词，从句依然用一般现在时。
例：Please call me as soon as you arrive. / You must finish it before he comes.
【模块二】语态专项：被动语态的深度应用 (Passive Voice)
1. 各时态被动结构速查
一般现在时: am/is/are + done 过去进行时: was/were + done
将来时: will be + done / am/is/are going to be + done
现在完成时: have/has been + done 过去完成时: had been + done
情态动词+被动: can/must/should/may be + done
进行时+被动: am/is/are being + done / was/were being + done
2. 特殊被动结构与易错点
主动表被动 (Active Form for Passive Meaning)
感官/系动词 + adj.：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, seem, appear。
例：The soup tastes delicious. (不能说 is tasted)
不及物动词 + adv.：sell, write, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, shut (常与 well, easily, smoothly 连用)。
例：This kind of cloth washes well. / The door won't lock.
双宾语被动 (Double Objects)
动词：give, show, send, pass, lend, tell, teach, promise, offer (介词用 to)
动词：buy, make, cook, sing, draw, find (介词用 for)
例：He was given a book. / A book was given to him.
例：She was bought a coat. / A coat was bought for her.
省略 to 的不定式还原
使役/感官动词 (make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel) + sb. do sth.
变被动后，必须还原 to：sb. be made/seen/heard TO do sth.
例外：let 在被动语态中通常改为 be allowed to do。
短语动词的被动
不可省略介词/副词：look after, take care of, listen to, talk about, laugh at, send for, depend on。
例：The baby is looked after well. (after 不能丢)
【模块三】非谓语动词：三大形式全解 (Non-finite Verbs)
1. 动词接法分类大全 (背诵级)
A. 只接 To do (表目的、将来、具体动作)
口诀：想要希望愿 (want, hope, wish)，决定计划谈 (decide, plan, discuss-no, talk-no -> arrange)，同意拒绝办 (agree, refuse, manage)，学习负担难 (learn, afford, fail)，假装选择看 (pretend, choose, expect)。
完整列表：want, hope, wish, decide, plan, agree, refuse, manage, learn, afford, promise, expect, pretend, choose, fail, determine, offer, threaten, claim.
句型：
It's + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do. Too + adj. + to do (太...而不能...).
Adj. + enough + to do (足够...去做...). 疑问词 (what/how/where) + to do.
B. 只接 Doing (表习惯、爱好、抽象、进行)
口诀：完成练习享 (finish, practice, enjoy)，介意建议忙 (mind, suggest, keep)，避免错过冒险 (avoid, miss, risk)，承认想象强 (admit, imagine)。
完整列表：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, avoid, keep, imagine, consider, miss, risk, admit, deny, delay, postpone, escape, excuse, fancy, involve.
介词后必用 Doing：
be good at, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, object to, devote to, be used to (习惯于), without, by, instead of.
特例：can't help doing (忍不住做), can't stand doing (无法忍受做).
C. 接 To do 和 Doing 意义不同 (高频考点)
动词 To do (未做/另一件事) Doing (已做/同一件事)
stop stop to do (停下来去做另一件事) stop doing (停止正在做的事)
remember remember to do (记得要去做-未做) remember doing (记得做过-已做)
forget forget to do (忘记要去做-未做) forget doing (忘记做过-已做)
regret regret to do (遗憾地要做-通常接say/tell) regret doing (后悔做过)
try try to do (努力/尽力去做) try doing (尝试着做一下)
mean mean to do (打算做) mean doing (意味着)
go on go on to do (接着做另一件事) go on doing (继续做同一件事)
can't help (无此用法) can't help doing (忍不住)
D. 感官/使役动词 (See/Watch/Hear/Feel/Make/Let/Have)
sb. do sth. (看见全过程/经常发生/动作已结束) sb. doing sth. (看见正在进行/动作片段)
例：I saw him cross the street. (看见了过马路的全过程)
例：I saw him crossing the street. (看见他正在过马路)
【模块四】词汇拓宽：一词多义与熟词生义 (Vocabulary Expansion)
1. 高频动词“变身”记忆表
单词 基础义 (Basic) 中考/高阶拓展义 (Advanced) 典型搭配/语境
address n. 地址 v. 解决/处理; 向...发表演讲 address the problem / address the audience
observe v. 观察 v. 遵守 (法律/规则); 庆祝 (节日) observe the rules / observe Christmas
develop v. 发展 v. 冲洗 (照片); 患 (病); 养成 (习惯); 开发 develop a film / develop a disease / develop a habit
promise v. 承诺 v. 有...的希望/预示; n. 前途 The sky promises rain. / a young man of promise
count v. 数数 v. 重要/有价值; 指望 (count on) Every second counts. / count on you
afford v. 买得起 v. 承担 (后果); 抽得出 (时间) afford the cost / afford to waste time
match v. 匹配 n. 比赛; 火柴 win a match / light a match
mean v. 意思是 adj. 吝啬的; 刻薄的; 平均的 a mean person / the mean temperature
cover v. 覆盖 v. 报道; 行走 (路程); 够支付; 包含 cover the event / cover 10 miles / cover the cost
remain v. 保持 v. 剩下/遗留; n. 遗迹/残骸 remain silent / only a few remained / human remains
attend v. 参加 v. 照料/看护 (attend to); 出席 attend to the patient / attend a meeting
appreciate v. 感激 v. 欣赏; 理解; 增值 appreciate music / appreciate your situation / house prices appreciate
contribute v. 贡献 v. 捐助; 投稿; 导致 (contribute to) contribute money / contribute to the accident
promote v. 促进 v. 推销; 晋升 promote the product / be promoted to manager
consume v. 消耗 v. 吃喝; 烧毁; 使着迷 (be consumed with) consume food / consumed with anger
strike v. 打击 v. 罢工; 突然想到; 敲响 (钟) go on strike / It struck me that... / strike twelve
weigh v. 称重 v. 权衡; 重达 weigh the pros and cons / weighs 50 kilos
admit v. 承认 v. 准许进入/接纳 admit a mistake / be admitted to university
charge v. 收费 v. 充电; 控告; 冲锋; 负责 (in charge of) charge the phone / charge him with theft
2. 动词短语“微辨析” (Phrasal Verbs Deep Dive)
Break 系列：
break down (坏掉; 分解; 崩溃) / break out (爆发-战争/火灾) / break into (闯入)
/ break up (分手; 解散) / break off (折断; 中断谈话)
Bring 系列：
bring up (抚养; 提出) / bring about (导致/引起) / bring out (出版; 显现)
/ bring back (带回; 回忆起)
Call 系列：
call off (取消) / call on (拜访某人; 号召) / call for (需要; 去接某人) / call in (召集; 来访)
Come 系列：
come across (偶遇) / come up with (想出) / come about (发生) / come out (出版; 开花; 真相大白) / come to (苏醒; 共计)
Cut 系列：
cut down (砍倒; 削减) / cut off (切断; 阻断) / cut in (插嘴) / cut up (切碎)
Get 系列：
get across (被理解) / get along with (相处) / get away (逃脱) / get over (克服; 恢复)
/ get through (接通电话; 完成; 通过)
Go 系列：
go against (违背) / go ahead (开始; 进行) / go by (经过; 流逝) / go off (爆炸; 变质; 离开)
/ go out (熄灭; 过时) / go through (经历; 仔细检查)
Hold 系列：
hold back (阻挡; 抑制) / hold on (稍等; 坚持) / hold out (伸出; 维持) / hold up (举起; 延误; 抢劫)
Keep 系列：
keep back (隐瞒; 阻止) / keep off (避开) / keep up (保持; 跟上) / keep to (遵守; 坚持)
Look 系列：
look into (调查) / look on (旁观) / look out (小心) / look over (检查) / look up to (尊敬)
Make 系列：
make for (走向; 有利于) / make out (辨认出; 理解) / make up (编造; 组成; 化妆; 弥补)
Put 系列：
put across (解释清楚) / put aside (储存; 搁置) / put forward (提出) / put up with (忍受)
Run 系列：
run after (追逐) / run into (偶遇; 撞上) / run out of (用完) / run over (碾过; 浏览)
Take 系列：
take after (像) / take apart (拆卸) / take in (吸收; 欺骗; 收留) / take off (起飞; 脱下; 成功)
/ take over (接管)
Turn 系列：
turn against (背叛) / turn down (拒绝; 调小) / turn out (结果是; 生产) / turn to (求助于; 翻到)
【模块五】构词法助记：前缀与后缀 (Word Formation)
1. 常见否定/反向前缀
un-: unhappy, unfair, unknown, unlock (开锁), unpack (拆包)
dis-: disagree, disappear, dislike, discover (发现), disconnect (断开)
im-/in-/il-/ir-: impossible, incorrect, illegal, irregular (不规则的)
mis-: misunderstand, mistake, misuse (滥用), mislead (误导)
de-: decrease (减少), decode (解码), deforest (砍伐森林), devalue (贬值)
2. 常见程度/方向前缀
over-: overeat (暴食), oversleep (睡过头), overwhelm (压垮), overlook (忽视; 俯瞰)
under-: underestimate (低估), underwater (水下), underground (地下)
re-: reuse (重用), review (复习), return (返回), rebuild (重建)
out-: outnumber (数量超过), outrun (跑得比...快), outdoor (户外)
fore-: forecast (预报), forehead (前额), foretell (预言)
3. 常见动词后缀
-ify: simplify (简化), purify (净化), classify (分类), satisfy (使满意)
-ize/-ise: realize (实现), organize (组织), apologize (道歉), memorize (记忆)
-en: widen (加宽), strengthen (加强), shorten (缩短), deepen (加深)
-ate: activate (激活), celebrate (庆祝), operate (操作), graduate (毕业)
【模块六】特殊动词用法集锦 (Special Usages)
1. 系动词 (Linking Verbs)
状态类: be, seem, appear, keep, remain, stay.
感官类: look, sound, smell, taste, feel.
变化类: become, get, turn, go (变坏), grow, come (变成-常指好的结果).
例: The milk went bad. / His dream came true.
2. 延续性动词与瞬间动词对照表 (完成时专用)
瞬间动词 (Instant) 延续性动词 (Continuous) 瞬间动词 (Instant) 延续性动词 (Continuous)
buy have fall asleep be asleep
borrow keep get up be up
join be in / be a member of catch a cold have a cold
die be dead arrive/reach/get to be here / be there
leave be away (from) begin/start be on
finish/end be over open be open
close/shut be closed lose be lost
marry be married go to sleep be asleep
3. 易混动词辨析
lie (躺) vs. lie (撒谎) vs. lay (放置/下蛋)
lie (躺): lay, lain, lying (现在分词) lie (撒谎): lied, lied, lying
lay (放置): laid, laid, laying
例: He lay on the bed and lied to me that he had laid the eggs.
rise (上升-自动) vs. raise (举起-他动)
rise: rose, risen (The sun rises.) raise: raised, raised (Raise your hand.)
hang (悬挂) vs. hang (绞死)
hang (悬挂): hung, hung hang (绞死): hanged, hanged
wear, put on, dress, have on
wear: 状态 (穿着) put on: 动作 (穿上)
dress: 给人穿衣 (dress sb.) / 自己穿衣 (get dressed)
have on: 状态 (穿着，无进行时)
【模块七】动词变形核心规则 (Verb Morphology Rules)
1. 第三人称单数 (Third Person Singular)
适用时态： 一般现在时 (主语为第三人称单数 he/she/it/单名/单物时)
规则 说明 示例 特殊例外 (必考)
直接加 -s 绝大多数动词 work→works, play→plays, see→sees —
以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾，加 -es 读音 /iz/ 或 /z/ pass→passes, fix→fixes, watch→watches, wash→washes, go→goes do→does
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 -es study→studies, fly→flies, carry→carries play→plays (元音+y直接加s)
不规则变化 特殊记忆 have→has be→is
2. 现在分词 (Present Participle / -ing Form)
适用场景： 进行时态 (be + doing)、动名词、非谓语动词
规则 说明 示例 特殊例外 (必考)
直接加 -ing 绝大多数动词 do→doing, read→reading, play→playing —
以不发音的 e 结尾 去 e，加 -ing make→making, write→writing, dance→dancing be→being (去掉e)
以重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾辅音，加 -ing 结构：辅+元+辅， 且重音在最后 run→running, swim→swimming, sit→sitting, begin→beginning, prefer→preferring, stop→stopping, plan→planning, cut→cutting
以 ie 结尾 变 ie 为 y，加 -ing die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying —
以 ic 结尾 加 k，再加 -ing picnic→picnicking, panic→panicking —
注意不双写的情况 非重读闭音节 open→opening (重音在o), visit→visiting (重音在vi) listen→listening
3. 过去式 & 过去分词 (Past Simple & Past Participle)
适用时态： 一般过去时 (did)、完成时 (have done)、被动语态 (be done)
A. 规则动词 (Regular Verbs)
规则 说明 示例 (过去式/过去分词)
直接加 -ed 绝大多数动词 work→worked/worked, play→played/played
以 e 结尾，加 -d 避免双写 e live→lived/lived, hope→hoped/hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变 y 为 i，加 -ed study→studied/studied, cry→cried/cried
以重读闭音节结尾 双写末尾辅音，加 -ed stop→stopped/stopped, plan→planned/planned, prefer→preferred/preferred
B. 不规则动词 (Irregular Verbs) - 分类记忆法 (中考高频)
类型 变化模式 (原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词) 高频词汇列表
AAA型(三者同形) A - A - A cut-cut-cut, put-put-put, set-set-set, hit-hit-hit, hurt-hurt-hurt, let-let-let, cost-cost-cost, shut-shut-shut, spread-spread-spread
ABA型(原分同形) A - B - A come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run
ABB型(过分同形) A - B - B feel-felt-felt, keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept, leave-left-left, meet-met-met, lead-led-led, build-built-built, send-sent-sent, spend-spent-spent, lend-lent-lent, buy-bought-bought, bring-brought-brought, think-thought-thought, fight-fought-fought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught, say-said-said, pay-paid-paid, lay-laid-laid, stand-stood-stood, understand-understood-understood, lose-lost-lost, get-got-got/gotten, sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, hold-held-held, find-found-found, shine-shone-shone
ABC型(三者不同) A - B - C am/is-was-been, are-were-been, do-did-done, go-went-gone, see-saw-seen, eat-ate-eaten, take-took-taken, give-gave-given, fall-fell-fallen, write-wrote-written, ride-rode-ridden, drive-drove-driven, break-broke-broken, choose-chose-chosen, speak-spoke-spoken, wake-woke-woken, know-knew-known, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, draw-drew-drawn, fly-flew-flown, blow-blew-blown, show-showed-shown, begin-began-begun, drink-drank-drunk, sing-sang-sung, swim-swam-swum, ring-rang-rung, wear-wore-worn, forget-forgot-forgotten
特殊混合 变化复杂 lie(躺)-lay-lain vs lie(撒谎)-lied-lied vs lay(放置)-laid-laid, hang(悬挂)-hung-hung vs hang(绞死)-hanged-hanged
【教师寄语】
同学们，动词是英语句子的灵魂。
变形规则（模块七）是地基，必须精准无误；
时态（模块一）赋予动作时间生命；
语态（模块二）理清主客关系；
非谓语（模块三）让表达简洁有力；
词汇广度（模块四至六）决定阅读高度。

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