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(共23张PPT)
Unit 1 Career talks
Grammar
学习目标
掌握一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态的构成。
熟悉规则动词和不规则动词的过去分词变化规则。
能够将主动语态句子正确转换为一般现在时或一般将来时的被动语态。
Review
Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules.
(a) All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory.
(b) I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass.
be + 动词过去分词
被动语态
语态： 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
主动语态： 主语是动作的执行者。
I clean the blackboard.
我擦黑板。
被动语态： 主语是动作的承受者。。）
The blackboard is cleaned by me.
黑板被我擦了。
被动语态
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.
这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.
他被选为主席。
2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.
房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him.
老虎被他杀死了。
被动语态的用法
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
The window was blown by wind.
窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.
整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is reported that…据报道
It is said that…据说
It is believed that…大家相信
It is suggested that…有人建议
被动语态的用法
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
They held a meeting yesterday.
→ A meeting was held by them yesterday.
(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
主动语态变为被动语态
(1)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：
They set up this hospital in 1975.
→ This hospital was set up in 1975.
Only he can finish the job. →
The job can be finished only by him.
主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项
(2)含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项
肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他。
English is spoken in many countries.
否定句： 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + 其他。
The room is not cleaned every day.
一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
Is this car made in China
一般现在时的被动语态
肯定句： 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他。
A new school will be built next year.
否定句： 主语 + will not (won't) be + 过去分词 + 其他。
The meeting won't be held tomorrow.
一般疑问句： Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + 其他？
Will the work be finished tomorrow
一般将来时的被动语态
一般情况：直接加 -ed
work → worked play → played
以不发音的 -e 结尾：加 -d
live → lived hope → hoped
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 -ed
study → studied try → tried
重读闭音节结尾（辅元辅结构）：双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed
stop → stopped plan → planned
动词过去分词的变化规则
ABC型（原形、过去式、过去分词均不同）
see → saw → seen eat → ate → eaten
AAA型 （三者相同）
hit → hit → hit put → put → put
ABA型 （原形 = 过去分词）
become → became → become come → came → come
动词过去分词的变化规则
不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆，常见类型包括：
少数动词有两种过去分词形式（用法不同）：
learn → learned/learnt
dream → dreamed/dreamt
burn → burned/burnt
smell → smelled/smelt
lie（躺）和 lay（放置）容易混淆：
lie（躺）：lie → lay → lain（不及物，不能用于被动语态）
lay（放置）：lay → laid → laid（及物，可用于被动语态）
动词过去分词的变化规则
注意
请写出下列动词的过去分词形式：
plant → ________
hear → ________
hold → ________
develop → ________
remind → ________
speak → ________
write → ________
build → ________
9.begin → ________
10.choose → ________
11.forget → ________
12.grow → ________
13.hide → ________
14.prefer → ________
15.ride → ________
16.say → ________
planted
heard
held
developed
reminded
spoken
written
built
begun
chosen
forgotten
grown
hidden
preferred
ridden
said
Exercise
1.The farmer plants flowers in early spring.
→__________________________________________________
2.We usually clean up our office for the holidays.
→__________________________________________________
3.The school always holds a party to welcome new teachers.
→__________________________________________________
4.The company will hold a job interview next month.
→__________________________________________________
Flowers are planted in early spring (by the farmer).
Our office is usually cleaned up for the holidays (by us).
A party is always held to welcome new teachers (by the school).
A job interview will be held next month (by the company).
Rewrite the sentences in the passive in the simple present or the simple future.
Complete the job posting using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
are needed
are expected
is required
are heard
will be developed
将下列句子改为被动语态
1.People speak English all over the world.
→__________________________________________________
2.The chef prepares the meal every evening.
→__________________________________________________
3.They will announce the results tomorrow.
→__________________________________________________
4.Someone stole my bicycle last night.
→__________________________________________________
5.The company has sent the products to the customers.
→__________________________________________________
English is spoken all over the world.
The meal is prepared every evening by the chef.
The results will be announced tomorrow.
My bicycle was stolen last night.
The products have been sent to the customers by the company.
二、选择正确的选项
1.The bridge ______ in 2050.
A. built B. will be built
C. is built D. has been built
2.English ______ in many countries around the world.
A. speaks B. is spoken
C. spoke D. has spoken
3.The windows ______ every week.
A. are cleaned B. cleaned
C. have cleaned D. were cleaning
作业
招聘启事写作
请你为学校的读书俱乐部（Reading Club）写一则招聘启事，招募新成员加入组织团队。要求：
使用至少5个被动语态句子
包含一般现在时和一般将来时两种时态
内容包括：需要什么样的人、需要做什么工作、加入后会获得什么
Thank you

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