资源简介

(共27张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 1
FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
1
Language Ability
Master the function and usage of the -ing form as attribute or predicative.
2
Cultural Awareness
Understand the activities of different festivals and recognize the uniqueness of diverse festival cultures.
3
Thinking Quality
Analyze the roles of -ing forms in sentences and distinguish their functions logically.
Teaching Objectives
4
Learning Ability
Apply the -ing form correctly in festival-themed language tasks independently.
Teaching Focus
and Difficulty
Guide students to master the usage of the -ing form as attribute and predicative in festival-related language.
Help students accurately distinguish and flexibly apply the -ing form in different sentence functions within festival contexts.
Grammar
01
Try to describe the following pictures with a phrase respectively.
a sleeping cat
a problem-solving girl/student
a crying baby
v-ing+ noun
What features do these phrases have
The speech is _______
That piece of
news is _______
This problem is __________
shocking
boring
confusing
Try to describe the following pictures with a phrase respectively.
noun + be verb + v-ing (adjective)
What features do these phrases have
概述：动词-ing形式作定语用来修饰和限制名词，表示被修饰名词的用途、功能、特征以及其动作、状态等。
位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常前置修饰名词；动词-ing形式短语作定语，则后置修饰，即“单个在前，短语在后”。
a dog barking in the yard the leaves falling from the tree
a barking dog the falling leaves
动词-ing形式作定语
前置：单个动词-ing形式+名词
后置：动词-ing形式短语+名词
形式 意义说明 示例
1. 主动形式: doing ①do 与被修饰词是逻辑主谓关系； ②表正在进行 / 与谓语动作同时发生的主动动作
a running boy （正在）奔跑的男孩
There were some kids chasing butterflies in the park. 公园里有孩子在追蝴蝶。
boy是running这个动作的发出者；running 强调动作正在进行
kids 是 chasing 这个动作的发出者；chasing 强调动作正在进行
形式 意义说明 示例
1. 主动形式: doing ③表被修饰词的功能 / 用途/属性
a washing machine（=a machine for washing） 洗衣机
a reading room（=a room for reading）阅览室
机器并不能主动发出washing这个动作，而是被设计用来完成这个动作，washing是它的功能
房间并不能主动发出reading这个动作，而是被设计用来完成这个动作，reading是它的用途
形式 意义说明 示例
2. 形容词化的 doing 表被修饰词的特征，意为 “令人…… 的” 【对比】-ed 形式表 “感到…… 的”
a surprising result 令人惊讶的结果
a surprised look 惊讶的表情
an interesting book 有趣的书
an interested reader 感兴趣的读者
surprising 描述 result本身的特征—— 这个“结果”的属性是 “能让人感到惊讶”
interesting 描述 book本身的属性 —— 这本“书”具备 “让人觉得有趣” 的特质
形式 意义说明 示例
3. 被动形式：being done ①do与被修饰词是逻辑动宾关系; ②表正在进行的被动动作
The project being discussed now is very important. 现在正在被讨论的项目很重要。
①被修饰词: the project; 分词中的动词: discuss
从逻辑上看，是 “项目被人们讨论”，即动词 discuss 和被修饰词 the project 是动宾关系（宾语是动作的承受者）。
②being done 结构本身是“be + doing”的被动式，即be being done (被动进行时)：正在被做，因此是“正在被讨论的项目”
扩展成句：当动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时，可通过添加关系词（如 who/that/which 等 ）与谓语，扩展为完整定语从句。
The boy playing football on the field is my brother.
=The boy who is playing football on the field is my brother.
定中心词
找出分词短语修饰的名词 / 代词（人 / 物）
嵌
从句
将“关系词 + be 动词 + 分词短语” 整体放在中心词后，完成转化。
·人→关系词 who/that，物→关系词 which/that
· 搭配 is/are（单复数看中心词）, 接分词剩余内容
补 “关系词 + be 动词”
v-ed、v-ing以及to do作定语时的区别
语法 形式 语态及时间意义 例句
v-ed做定语 done 表示被动或动作已经完成 The damaged bike beside the road was left there for days.
v-ing做定语 doing 表示主动且动作正在进行或现在 / 当时的状态 The running boy is my nephew.
being done 表示被动且动作正在进行 The plan being made by the committee is crucial.
to do做定语 to do 表示主动且动作将要发生 The volunteer to help the elderly tomorrow is a college student.
to be done 表示被动且动作将要发生 The task to be completed within a week is quite challenging.
动词-ing 形式作表语时，可能是“动名词”，也可能是“现在分词”，它们在表意上有明显区别。
1. 动名词作表语:说明主语“是什么事”, 此时, -ing 形式相当于一个名词。
特点：这类句子的主语通常是 job, task, wish, duty, hobby, pleasure 等抽象名词，或者不定式、从句。
检验方法：将主语和表语位置互换，句子逻辑仍然成立。
动词-ing形式作表语
A be B = B be A
His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。
→ Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的爱好。
Her job is teaching English. 她的工作是教英语。
→ Teaching English is her job. 教英语是她的工作。
What I hate most is lying. 我最痛恨的就是说谎。
→ Lying is what I hate most. 说谎就是我最痛恨的。
One of the pleasures in life is reading. 生活的乐趣之一就是阅读。
→ Reading is one of the pleasures in life. 阅读是生活的乐趣之一。
动名词作主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
2. 现在分词作表语：说明主语“怎么样”，具有形容词特性。
此时，-ing 形式相当于形容词，表示主语所具有的某种性质、特征或状态，通常是令人产生某种感受的。
检验方法：不能用主语和表语互换的方法检验。
The movie is exciting. 这部电影很令人兴奋。
→ 不能说：Exciting is the movie.
（逻辑不成立）
A be B ≠ B be A
v-ing作表语是形容词属性，作用是描述、修饰主语，而非和主语对等；形容词无法独立作主语，因此互换后句子逻辑断裂。
这些 -ing 词很多已经被归类为“形容词”：
令人感到…的：interesting, exciting, frightening, shocking, surprising, touching, amusing, confusing, disappointing, terrifying, tiring, worrying 等。
其他特征：missing（丢失的）, coming（即将到来的）等。
特点：这类句子通常可以用 “very” “extremely” “quite” “rather”等副词来修饰，进一步强化语气。
The game was extremely exciting.
The story is very interesting.
当描述 “人”自身散发出某种特性，给别人造成某种感觉时，也可以用 v-ing，如A boring person = 一个（让别人感到）无聊的人。
特征 动名词作表语 现在分词作表语
作用
词性 更接近 更接近
检验方法 主表 互换，意思通顺 主表 互换
修饰词 用 very, extremely, quite, rather 等程度副词修饰 用 very, extremely, quite, rather 等程度副词修饰
例句 Our main task is preparing for the exam. 我们的主要任务是准备考试。 The journey was tiring.
这段旅程让人觉得疲惫。
说明主语的内容（是什么）
名词
总结
不能
能
描述主语的特征（怎么样）
形容词
可
不可
Practice
02
Activity 1 Read the sentences below and discuss the functions and meanings of the italicised - ing form.
These lanterns are amazing.
During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the
shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
Families celebrating the Lunar New Year can enjoy exciting dragon
dances and carnivals together.
the -ing form as the predicative
the -ing form as the attribute before the noun
the -ing form as the attribute after the noun and the -ing form as the attribute before the noun
Activity 1 Find more examples from the unit.
1. I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.
(the -ing form as the predicative)
2. It’ll be too tiring to walk or dance for a long time in those shoes.
(the -ing form as the predicative)
3. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting
festival for children, in spite of its religious origins.
(the -ing form as the attribute before the noun)
4. The first week was a little confusing.
(the -ing form as the predicative)
Activity 2 Read the following messages posted by some exchange students on an Internet forum. Then answer the questions.
Today 9:05 am Sunnyli Discussion: Which festival is your favourite
Rio Carnival! I spent a really fun day there with my friends. It was great fun walking along the streets, enjoying the relaxing atmosphere! The performances were just amazing.
Today 9:11 am Vincent1119 The Spring Festival in China, especially the dinner on the Chinese New Year’s Eve! All family members get together. And I get lucky money in red envelopes from my parents and relatives, so it’s always an exciting time for me.
Today 10:11 am Wizard_Oz Perhaps Thanksgiving. What could be better Families getting together and eating delicious food, people watching sports games on TV, friends laughing and talking, etc. Plus there’s Black Friday, if shopping is your thing.
Today 10:24 am Cooper_08 I think it’s Christmas. I just can’t take my eyes off the shining lights on the Christmas trees everywhere. Lots of smiling faces, and people singing Christmas carols and wishing each other “Merry Christmas!”
Activity 2 Read the following messages posted by some exchange students on an Internet forum. Then answer the questions.
What are they discussing in the forum
How are the messages arranged
What festivals are mentioned in the discussion
Which festival is your favourite
By time and date.
Rio Carnival, the Spring Festival, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas.
Activity 2 Read the following messages posted by some exchange students on an Internet forum. Underline the -ing form used as the attribute or the predicative.
Today 9:05 am Sunnyli Discussion: Which festival is your favourite
Rio Carnival! I spent a really fun day there with my friends. It was great fun walking along the streets, enjoying the relaxing atmosphere! The performances were just amazing.
Today 9:11 am Vincent1119 The Spring Festival in China, especially the dinner on the Chinese New Year’s Eve! All family members get together. And I get lucky money in red envelopes from my parents and relatives, so it’s always an exciting time for me.
Today 10:11 am Wizard_Oz Perhaps Thanksgiving. What could be better Families getting together and eating delicious food, people watching sports games on TV, friends laughing and talking, etc. Plus there’s Black Friday, if shopping is your thing.
Today 10:24 am Cooper_08 I think it’s Christmas. I just can’t take my eyes off the shining lights on the Christmas trees everywhere. Lots of smiling faces, and people singing Christmas carols and wishing each other “Merry Christmas!”
Activity 3 Complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.
La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bu ol every August. I think many food festivals are _________ because people are just eating. However, this festival is __________ because people don’t actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! The number of people _________ part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very _________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _________ thing is how clean Bu ol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!
boring
interesting
taking
exciting
amazing
Homework
Festival meme caption: Find a festival photo and write sentences with -ing form. Label if the -ing word is an attribute or predicative.
Guess the festival: Describe a festival with 3 -ing words, and then have a classmate guess which festival it is.
See you next class!

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