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人教版英语8年级下册培优精做课件Unit 1第4课时Section AGrammar Focus 4a—4cUnit 1 Time to Relax授课教师：Home .班级：8年级（*）班.时间：.Let’s review!
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice-skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
4a
试一试某事
Infinitive 不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的语义特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语，如 to make new friends、to reach the top much faster等。
构成
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语等。
用法
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。（10 分）
1. I should take care of (I) when my parents are away.
2. My sister got into (run) every morning to keep healthy.
3.—— Are you going to read the book Journey to the West
—— Yes, Mr Zhang wants us (read)such traditional Chinese books.
myself
running
to read
句法作用 例句
作主语 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。
用it作形式主语，
把真正的主语
动词不定式置于句后。
句子的
谓语动词
用单数
句法作用 例句
作宾语 Do you want to visit the Great Wall
你想去参观长城吗？
I like to play badminton in my free time.
我喜欢在空闲时间打羽毛球。
On Saturday, James decided to make fried chicken.
星期六，詹姆斯决定做炸鸡。
常用动词不定式短语
作宾语的动词有：want、love、begin、
need、learn、agree、
decide、hope、start、refuse等。
句法作用 例句
作表语 My dream is to be a scientist.
我的梦想是当一名科学家。
放在
连系动词be
后面
句法作用 例句
作定语 Who was the first one to arrive
谁是第一个到的？
动词不定式
作定语，
要放在它所修饰的
名词或代词后面
句法作用 例句
作宾语补足语 My instructor encouraged me to get back up whenever I fell.
我的教练鼓励我每次跌倒都要站起来。
Dr Cooper asked him to be more careful in future.
库珀博士要他今后更加小心。
My parents told me not to push myself too hard.
我父母告诉我不要把自己逼得太紧。
tell、ask、want、invite
等动词后常跟动词不定式
作宾语补足语。
句法作用 例句
作状语 What other animals can we train to help people 我们还能训练其他什么动物来帮助人？
I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
He is too young to go to school.
他太小了，不能去学校。
在句首或句尾
表示目的
用在too … to … 结构中，
作结果状语
用在作表语的
形容词或过去分词
之后，作原因状语
4. It is always important (have) your own hobbies and interests.
5.[郑州期中改编] Let's (buy) some strawberries to make a birthday cake for Mom.
6. The teacher told the children (not swim) in the river. It was too dangerous！
to have
buy
not to swim
7.[绥化中考改编] Our English teacher is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us (laugh).
laugh
点拨： make sb. do sth.让某人做某事，有类似用法的词还有 let, help (后可接 to 或省略 to)。
8.[开封模拟改编] Thinking twice, Billy decided
(not raise) a pet dog at home.
9.[天津中考改编] The government is developing new plans
(protect) ancient buildings.
10.——I don't know how (write) a poem in Chinese.
—— Why not ask your Chinese teacher for help
not to raise
to protect
to write
动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not + 动词不定式”构成。
I would prefer not to talk about it. It’s private.
我不想谈论这件事。这是私密的。
“Try not to make any noise when you eat,” his mother said. “吃东西的时候尽量不要发出声音，”他妈妈说。
This book has taught me not to give up or doubt my self.
这本书教会了我不要放弃或怀疑自己。
“疑问词+不定式” 结构
动词不定式可以和what、which、how、where、when等连用。
He didn’t know what to say to Ella. 他不知道该对艾拉说什么。I have no idea which book to choose from my book report.
我不知道从我的读书报告中选哪本书。
She asked me how to use the washing machine.
她问我如何使用洗衣机。
The tour guide will tell you where to go next.
导游会告诉你下一站去哪里。
不带to的动词不定式
（1）有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to， 这种动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，如see、hear 、watch、feel、notice等；另一类是使役动词，如let、make、have等。
The referee saw Matt push the other player.
裁判看到马特推了另一名球员。
He heard some one walk down the stairway. 他听见有人走下楼梯。
I noticed him take a quick look at his watch.
我注意到他匆匆看了一眼手表。
If you have any questions, please let me know.
如果你有任何问题，请告诉我。
Hobbies can make feel good about yourself.
爱好能让你自我感觉良好。
（2）在固定短语had better之后。had better do sth的否定形式是had better not do sth。
We had better take off our coats. 我们最好把外套脱掉。
You had better not do that. 你最好不要那样做。
（3）动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时，可带to也可不带to。
This charity aims to help people (to) help themselves.
这个慈善机构的宗旨是帮助人们自力更生。
二、用方框中词的适当形式填空。（5 分）
11. The actor is famous around the world for his excellent
skills in movies.
12. The man the door open and walked into the house.
chat, out, kung fu, push, my
kung fu
pushed
13. I often ask what I really want to be in the future.
14. My grandmother loves with her neighbours in her free time.
15. Our class will have an to the farm next weekend.
chat, out, kung fu, push, my
myself
chatting
outing
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4b
1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me (decide)
to try skiing.
B: You’re welcome. Try (forget) your fear and
have fun!
2. A: My cousin often asks me (fly) kites with her
when it’s windy.
B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you (fly)
kites sometime.
to forget
to fly
decide
fly
3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies (relax).
B: Really When I want (relax), I watch animal
videos.
4. A: My parents told me (not push) myself too
hard.
B: Yes, it’s important (not forget) to relax
once in a while.
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
push sb to do sth
督促某人做某事
偶尔；间或
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
4c
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided after that. He doesn’t like sport very much! Instead, he likes at home and
movies, to music, and chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us more time together as a family. So, now they let us our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
to stay
watch
not to come
to play
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
listen
to spend
do
chat with sb 与某人闲聊
看起来很像
出外游玩
A review of the infinitive
to加动原，用法很多面，否定not加在前；
名、形、副角色，句中灵活变；
特殊动词省略to，使役感官要记牢。
Do you remember
作主语，表目的
作宾语，常接在动词后
作表语，说明主语是什么
作状语，表原因或结果
作宾补，补充说明宾语动
作定语，后置修饰名词走
一感（feel）二听（listen to、hear）
三让（let、make、have）
四看（look at、see、watch、notice）
宾语补语用原形，
to字一定要甩掉。
但变被动to回来，
这个规则别忘掉。
1. This computer is too expensive for us
(买得起) .
2. Use your head (think) it over.
3. We should learn (respect) each
other’s differences.
4. The teacher encouraged the students
(ask) questions in class.
5. He always does what he can (save)
others.
Let’s do some exercises!
to think
to afford
save
to respect
to ask
三、用方框中短语的适当形式填空。（5 分）
16. After watching the exciting basketball game, Ken
playing basketball.
17. The dance seems very difficult, but we should
__________________.
get into
give it a go
once in a while, give it a go, get into,
push oneself too hard, go on an outing
18. All the students want to to the mountains to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
19. Linda eats junk food ,but she knows it's not healthy.
20. You' re in this job. You need to take a break.
go on an outing
once in a while
pushing yourself too hard
once in a while, give it a go, get into,
push oneself too hard, go on an outing
四、［南阳期末］阅读还原。 （10 分）
For many people, bike riding is a good way to keep physical and mental health（身心健康）. 21. _____
Li is from Zhengzhou, Henan. She started her first long trip in 2014. She went to different places in China, like Qinghai, Hainan, Hubei and Jiangsu. She also visited 12 countries around the world.
2星题 能力提升
A. They gave me lots of help.
B. I can also make some friends.
C. It is the same with Li Dongju.
D. Li’s love for bike riding started in 2013.
E. They went to Vietnam（越南）from Nanning in Guangxi.
C
22._____ Her son bought her a mountain bike and told her it might be a new way to kill time. She decided to give it a try. At first, she only rode near her home. But after a few days’ practice, she started going around the city.
“I feel relaxed when riding a bike. 23. _____We have the same interest,” Li said. When Li’s new friends showed her beautiful photos of different places, she decided to go outside Zhengzhou, and even outside China.
A. They gave me lots of help.
B. I can also make some friends.
C. It is the same with Li Dongju.
D. Li’s love for bike riding started in 2013.
E. They went to Vietnam（越南）from Nanning in Guangxi.
D
B
In 2014, Li joined a cycling team. 24. _____
“When I had the long trip, I could enjoy the beauty of China and other countries. And I also learned about different cultures. Cycling made me much happier,” Li said. “I was very lucky. I met a lot of kind people. 25. _____I hope I can help others just as the people I met helped me.”
A. They gave me lots of help.
B. I can also make some friends.
C. It is the same with Li Dongju.
D. Li’s love for bike riding started in 2013.
E. They went to Vietnam（越南）from Nanning in Guangxi.
E
A
以读促写 （2 分）
26. What do you like to do when you are free Why do you like it Please list at least two reasons.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I like playing basketball very much. First, it's a good way for me to keep healthy. Second, playing basketball needs teamwork. It helps me to work together well with others.
五、语篇填空。
第一节 （10 分）
My name is Li Heng. I live in Wuhan, Hubei. It’s a wonderful place with lots of fun things to do. Sometimes I take a walk along the Yangtze River by 27. ______. At other times, I enjoy the view from the 28.________ of Guishan Hill
I, be, become, clear, through, top, expect, however, activity, fish
myself
top
with my family. We go 29. _________by the river. We also enjoy camping trips and trips to parks. All of these trips 30. _________full of fun and we hope to do more of them!
I have the most free time during the summer months. One of my favourite 31. ___________is to go canoeing（划皮划艇）with my friends. It’s really nice.
I, be, become, clear, through, top, expect, however, activity, fish
fishing
are
activities
Sometimes, when it 32. __________very hot, we go swimming. In the evening we put up our tents and then we talk, play cards and sing songs. I really enjoy these wonderful trips.
33. _________, astronomy（ 天文学）is my greatest love. I have a little telescope（望远镜） that helps me see
I, be, become, clear, through, top, expect, however, activity, fish
becomes
However
stars more 34. _________. I’m still learning how to use it, and every time I look 35. __________it, I see something new and exciting in the sky. The sky is like an inspiring canvas（画布）, and I 36. __________to learn more about it!
I have a full life, right I think it’s important to make our short life colorful. Do you think so
I, be, become, clear, through, top, expect, however, activity, fish
clearly
through
expect
第二节［郑州模拟］ （5 分）
In ancient China, children didn’t have the smart phone, the iPad or the computer. But they could play lots of interesting games. Let’s take a look 37.__________ some of them.
at
Stone balls
During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular sport 38. _________North China, and children often played it in winter to keep warm.
Flying kites
Kites have quite a long history. Children in ancient times liked flying a kite together. Nowadays, 39._________ most famous kites are the Beijing Kite and the Weifang Kite.
in
the
Firecrackers（鞭炮）
Firecrackers have a history of more 40. __________2,000 years. It is said that there was a beast（野兽） named Nian in ancient China, and to scare off（吓跑）the beast, people set off firecrackers. Later, 41.___________ became a fun activity.
it
than

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